【课件】Unit+5Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第三册.pptx

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1、Unit5TheValueofMoneyDiscoveringUsefulStructuresP54Expressmodalityandtalkaboutfutureeventsinthepast情态动词&过去将来时*定义；*基本特征；*常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式；*情态动词的表意功能；*常见情态动词的用法；*情态动词的特殊用法。Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法Part1:Part1:情态动词情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等,表示可能、建议、愿望、

2、必要、允许、能力等。定义定义:情态动词1.在形式上在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could,would,had to,might 等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must,ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3.在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。基本特征基本特征:常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式:情态动词情态动词否定式否定式缩略形式缩略形式cancould may mightshallshould 情态动词情态动词否定式否定式缩略形式缩略形式willwould mustha

3、d betterought to can notcant could notcouldntmay not /might notmightntshall notshantshould notshouldntwill notwould notmust nothad better notought not towont wouldnt mustnt oughtnt /lModal verbs have many functions as follows（P54）:A.necessity B.possibilityC.obligationD.requestE.adviceF.intention情态动词

4、的表意功能需要可能或推测职责/义务请求建议意图和愿望ExampleNecessity Possibilities Obligation RequestAdviceIntentionThings can be better.You must do it at once.Would you please pass me the salt?You neednt have stayed.You ought to help him.I would rather do it myself.常见情态动词的用法1.can与could的基本用法1）表示能力，常译为“能，会”。can表示现在的能力，could表示

5、过去的能力。Icanplaybasketballnow,butIcouldntwhenIwasyoung.2）表示请求或许可，常译为“可以”。could比can的语气更加委婉,回答时只用can.Can/couldIuseyourphone?Yes,you can.No,youcant.3）表示惊讶、怀疑，不相信等，意为“怎么能，怎么会”，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，用could时语气较委婉。Howcanhebelatefortheopeningceremony?4）cant.too./cant.enough再也不过分，越。越好You cantbetoocarefultocrossther

6、oad.You cantbecarefulenoughtocrosstheroad.你过马路时越仔细越好。5.can与beableto表示“能力”时的区别（1）can一般指现在自身具有的能力，beableto表示经过努力后具有的能力。Babiescanswimwhentheywereborn.(自身具有的能力)Withouthishardwork,hewasnotabletogetgoodgrades.(经过努力后)（2）can只有现在式和过去式，而beableto有各种时态。（3）beabletodosth.的过去式was/wereabletodosth.可以表示在过去设法做成了某事，相当于

7、managedtodosth。Atlast,theywereabletoescapefromthebigfire.二must与haveto的用法1.must的用法（1）表示命令或强烈的建议，“必须”，mustnt表示“不准，禁止”。Allstudentsmustobeytheschoolrules.用must问句时;肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt/donthavetoMustIbehomebeforeeightoclock?Yes,you must./No,youneednt.（2）表示说话人的一种态度，“偏要，非要”Whymusthegooutinthebadweather?mu

8、st强调主观看法“必须”只有一种形式否定形式mustnt表示“禁止”haveto强调客观需要“不得不”，有多种时态形式；否定形式donthaveto表示“不必”ImusthurryuporIllbelate.Hecantseethingsclearly.Hehastowearglasses.You donthavetoleavesoearly.1用适当的情态动词填空P128_youpleasebekindenoughtotellmesomethingaboutthat?BecauseI_spendallmytimestudying,Ican thavefunwithmyfriendsI mno

9、tatrainedmusician,butI velearnttoreadmusicsoI_helpMariainherperformanceTom,you_notleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!Isincerelyhopeyou_acceptmyinvitation.Couldmustcanmustcan三，may与might的用法1）表示请求或许可，常译成“可以”。用于一般疑问句;肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用mustnt/cant.MayIcomein?Yes,you can/may.No,youmaynot/cant/mustnt.2）

10、表示祝愿，用于祈使句；多用于书面语中，构成“Mayyou/名词动词原形.”.”句型。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！3）maywell动词原原形形，表表示示“很可能”；may/mightaswelldosth表表示示“不妨做某事”。Hemaywellbesurprisedattheresult.他很可能会他很可能会对这个个结果感到意外。果感到意外。Tostartwith,youmightaswelllearntospeakEnglish首首先先，你你最最好好学学会会说英英语。四shall与should的用法1.shall的用法（1）用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或请求指示。Sh

11、allcomeinnow?（2）用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。Youshallbepunishiedforwhatyouhavedone.（必须）（3）用于第三人称的陈述句，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该”“必须”。Personsunder18shallnotbeemployedinnightwork.(不得)2.should的用法（1）表示义务、义务，劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.（2）表示有一定根据的推测，意为“可能，应该会”。Ifthetrainisontime,shesho

12、uldarriveinBeijingbysevenoclock.（3）表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“竟然”。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.(说某人坏话)五oughtto的用法oughtto是情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，用法与should基本相同,”应该”。否定形式：oughtnottodo=oughtnttodo“不应该”（1）表责任和义务。表示按道理应该，指客观责任或义务，可用should代替，但比should语气重Ioughttohelpherbecausesheisintrouble.（2）表劝告，建议或

13、命令。和should可换用，但疑问句中常用should。yououghttobalancecareerandfamily.shouldIopenthewindow?2用适当的情态动词填空P129You _ as well walk outside with your friends or take someexercise _wegotheretogetherthisFridayafternoon?_youhaveapleasantjourneyhomeandwelcometoChinaagain.IhaverealisedthatI_beresponsiblefornotonlymyself

14、,butalsoforthesocietymay/mightShallMayshould六will与would的用法will与would的用法（1）表示请求、建议，用于第二人称的疑问句中，would比will的语气更加委婉。Wouldyoupassmethebottle?（2）表示意志、愿望或决心，意为“将、要”。will指现在，would指过去。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theysaidthattheywouldaccepttheinvitation.（3）表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等，意为“惯于，总是”。will指现在，would指过去。Oilwillfloatonwa

15、ter.Onsummereveningstheywoulddanceinthepark.would与usedto（1）would表示过去的习惯性动作时，强调特定情况下的“倾向”；usedto着眼于过去和现在的对比，暗示现在不再是这样了Hewouldgototheparkassoonashewasfree.(特定情况：空闲)Myfatherusedtogotoworkbybike,butnowhegoestoworkbycar.（与现在形成对比）七hadbetter最好hadbetter+动词原形：最好.否定形式：hadbetternotdo最好不要dbetter是hadbetter的缩略形式（

16、1）（我们最好留在）intheopenwhenanearthquakehappens.（2）Youdbetter（不要搬动家具）.Wehadbetterstaynotmovethefurniture八need需要（1）need作为情态动词的特点：无时态、人称的变化，多用于否定句和疑问句。needdosth需要做某事，needntdosth不必做某事。You neednttelephonehimnow.对need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt.NeedIfinishtheworktoday?Yes,you must./No,youneednt.（2）need作为实义

17、动词，有人称，时态和数的变化，可以有以下搭配：needsth.需要某物Thehomelessneedourhelp.needtodosth.需要做某事Ineedtofinishthetaskontime.needdoing（=needtobedone）需要被（主动形式表被动意义）Myphoneneedsrapairing.=Myphoneneedstoberepaired.1）Myroomisamess，butI（不必打扫）itbeforeIgoouttonight.2）NeedIcome?Yes，you（必须）./No，you（不必）.3）我的车需要洗了。_ needntcleanmustn

18、eedntMycarneedswashing./Mycarneedstobewashed.九dare敢（1）dare作为情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形,daredosth敢于做某事；否定：darenotdosth不敢做某事；多用于条件句、疑问句和否定句中；Noonedaregothere.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.（2）dare作为实义动词，有人称，数和时态的变化，有如下搭配：dare(to)dosth.敢于做某事Shedaredtoswimacrosstheriver.daresb.todosth.激某人做某事，问某人有没有胆量做某事。（1）我不敢独

19、自一人去冬泳。（2）你怎么敢说那样的话？（3）无人敢提及此事。Idarenotgowinterswimmingalone.Howdareyousaythat?Noonedarespeakofit.3用适当的情态动词填空P130He_gototherivernearbytofishonweekendswhenhewasyoungSorry,IforgottotellJohnaboutyourpartyItdoesn tmatterI_callhiminawhileMany people werestanding around watching with sympathy,but no one_t

20、ohelphimupYou_togetridofthehabitofdrinkingcolaonlywouldwilldaredneed1.情态动词情态动词表推测：表推测：情态动词情态动词+do推测推测现在或将来现在或将来发生的动作或状态；发生的动作或状态；情态动词情态动词+bedoing推测推测正在进行正在进行的动作或状态；的动作或状态；情态动词情态动词+havedone推测推测过去过去发生的动作或状态。发生的动作或状态。1)Timmusthaveacarnow.他一定有辆小汽车。他一定有辆小汽车。2)Hemustbedoinghisexercisesintheclassroom.他一定正在

21、教室做练习。他一定正在教室做练习。3)Hemusthavefinishedthework,forheischattingwithhisclassmateshappily.他一定已经完成了作业，因为他正在跟同事快乐地聊天。他一定已经完成了作业，因为他正在跟同事快乐地聊天。情态动词的特殊用法 对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：mustbe/do(现在或将来)mustbedoing(说话时正在进行)musthavedone(已发生的或状态)对否定情况的推测：can/couldnotbe/do(现在或将来)can/couldnotbedoing(正在发生的动作)can/couldnothavedone(过

22、去的动作或状态)对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：may/might(not)be/do(现在或将来)may/might(not)bedoing(说话时正在发生动作)may/might(not)havedone(已发生的动作或状态)(1)could/mighthavedone本来能够做的事却没做Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.(2)should/oughttohavedone本来应该做而实际上未做IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.(3)oughtnot

23、tohavedone/shouldnthavedone本来不应该做而实际上做了ImverysorryforthewordsIshouldnthavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.4用适当的情态动词填空P130Itisusuallywarminwinterinthesouth,butit_becoldandevenhavesnowsometimesIamsurethatyou_beveryinterestedintheactivitiesatthepartyJack_notbeinthereadingroomnowBecauseIsawhimintheofficejustnowAc

24、cordingtotheweatherreport,it_raintomorrowcanmustcanmay5用适当的情态动词补全句子P131Itwasaneasytestandhe_,buthedidn t那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。She_thedictionary,butI mnotsure她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。You_oftheChongyangFestival,butitisactuallymyfavourite你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。You_theticket,forthezooisopentothepublicfreeofch

25、argethesedays你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。shouldhavepassedmayhaveboughtmighthaveneverheardneednthavebookedFillintheblankswithsuitablemodalverbsinthebox.InthefilmThe Million Pound Bank Note,HenryAdamsisstuckinaforeigncountrywithoutmoneyandfriends,andwithnowheretostay.Whilethissituation_seemunusual,itcans

26、ometimeshappentotravellers.Incaseithappenstoyouonatripabroad,what_youdo?First,andmostimportantly,you_staycalm.Fear_causeyoutobecomeconfused.Youneedtothinkclearly.Second,youshouldgotoyournearestconsulate.They_beabletohelptosomeextent.Third,you_dowelltocheckwithsomelocalcharities.They_offerhelptotrave

27、llersinneed.Fourth,you_avoidgettingintotrouble.You_thinkthatstealingsomemoneyorfoodwouldhelpyou,butyoushouldnotdoso.Gettingcaught_ruinyourlife.may,must,can,oughtto,might,hadbetter,would,shouldmayshouldmustcanoughttowouldmightwouldhadbetterP542mightPart2ThePastFutureTense(过去将来时)01过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发

28、生的动作或存在的状态。02过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。03过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语 the next day，the following week，soon等。ThePastFutureTense结构1.would+动词原形动词原形2.was/weregoingto+动词原形动词原形3.was/wereabouttodo4.go,come,leave,start,meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。5.was/weretodoThePastFutureTense1.woulddo表达将发生的动作。例如：Hewouldntleave

29、thenextFriday.2.was/weregoingtodo表达准备、计划、将要做某事，它所表达可能发生也可能不发生的动作。例如：Thestudentsweregoingtoplaytabletennisthatafternoon.那天下午学生们要打乒乓球。3.was/wereabouttodo表达马上发生的动作，它不可与明确时间状语连用。其常用句式是was/wereabouttodowhen+从句。例如：Themeetingwasabouttobeheldatonce.这个会议马上举行。4.go,come,return,leave,start,finish等动词的过去进行时态表达过去将

30、要发生的动作。例如：TheysaidtheywereleavingforParissoon.他们说不久他们将离开去巴黎。5.was/weretodo表达曾经计划做某事。例如：ShesaidshewastobuyaflatinShanghai.她说过要在上海买一套房子。6单句语法填空P132Shesaidthebus_(leave)atfivethenextmorningIwasn tsurewhetherhe_(lend)mehisbookthenextmorningAt that time he did not know that quitting the job _(become)thet

31、urningpointinhislifeHesaidhe_(visit)ChinathenextweekInhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcredit_(be)hard-earnedwasleavingwouldlendwastobecomewasgoingtovisitwouldbeCompletethesentencesusing“woulddo”or“was/weregoingtodo”formofthegivenverbs.1.PhilipboughttwoticketsforThe Phantom of the Opera.He_(watch

32、)thismusicalwithhisgirlfriendontheweekend.2.IwassosurprisedatthenewsthatDavid_(play)theroleofthedinosaurintheplaythatIgavehimahugoutofjoy.3.Lilydecidedthatshe_(settle)inNewYorkandpursueherdreamofbecominganactress.4.Hey,Timmy,I_(call)you.Butnowthatyouarehere,Idonthaveto.5.Thecompetitionwassoclosethatnoonewassurewho_(win)theBestActoraward.6.Jimwasnothererightnow.Hesaidhe_(be)ondutyatthelibrarythisafternoon.wouldwatch/wasgoingtowatchwouldsettle/wasgoingtosettlewasgoingtoplaywasgoingtocallwouldwin/wasgoingtobeP543wouldplay/wouldbe