高考英语语法复习专题 14a特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装+（重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练）参考模板范本.doc

《高考英语语法复习专题 14a特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装+（重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练）参考模板范本.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法复习专题 14a特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装+（重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练）参考模板范本.doc（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、强调句强调句型注意点例 句It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)；表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was that(who)。原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in

2、the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。注意：do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一

3、般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！They do work hard at maths.他们对数学的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句

4、型的变式It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)句式基本特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ thatWas it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; inCould it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?

5、A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that？或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be+被强调部分+ that_is it _has made Peter _he is today?Determination.A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that，isnt / wasnt

6、it？It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _?A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it强调句与其它句型的结合来源:学科网ZXXK与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary.A. that it was there B. where was it that 来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K来源:学&科&网C. th

7、at where it was D. where it was that【解析】答案为D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。第一步：复原It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步：对划线部分提问Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.It was at the

8、very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what 来源:Zxxk.Com来源:Zxxk.ComC. then; so D. that; that【解析】答案为D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。It was in the small house

9、_was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which【解析】答案为A。本题含义为“是在这间小房子里他度过了童年”，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。Is _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; wh

10、ose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;【解析】答案为B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：It takes the boy whose family is poor t

11、hree hours to come to school on foot.第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。强调句型的省略形式句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A. It

12、 is B. They are C. That is D. There are【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。He was nearly drowned once. When was that?_ was in 1998 he was in middle school. A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that【解析】答案为B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in

13、1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.省略句省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在。因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略。词法上的省略（如：名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略；冠词的省略；介词的省略；动词不定式中的省略等），请参看有关专题的讲解。所以本专题着只谈句法上的省略和替代性省略。类别情况说明句法上的省略简单句中的省略感叹句、祈使句中常省略主语和谓语What a hot day (it is)!多

14、热的天啊！ How wonderful!多妙啊！在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分(Will you)Have a smoke?你抽烟吗？ No. Thanks.不，谢谢了。(Is there)Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？Got a light?有火吗？（句首省略了Have you）特殊疑问句的省略 Where to?去哪里？(=Where are you going to?)并列句中的省略John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.约翰一定在踢球

15、，而玛丽一定在做作业。His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。Jack will sing at the party, but I know John wont(sing at the party).杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。复合句中的

16、省略，请参看有关从句。替代性省略so可以替代句子常和believe, think,suppose, hope等动词连用Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。（即I believe its going to rain/I dont believe its going to rain）倒装句类 型情 况例 句部分倒装（部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓

17、语动词变成原形放在主语之后。）句首状语为否定词或半否定词：这类词或短语主要有never,neither, nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等等Not a word did I say to him.Never have I found him so happy.Little does he care about what I said.I cant swim. Neither can he.No sooner had he gone to be

18、d than he fell asleep.Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.only副词/介词短语/ 状语从句放在句首，要部分倒装注意:如果only后面不是加的状语,则不可以倒装。OnlyWang Ling knows this.Only then did I realize the importance of maths.Only by this means is it possible to explain it.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to

19、get happily back to work.在so.that， such.that句型中，若把so，such引导的结构放在句首时，要部分倒装So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.Such great progress did he make that he was praised.“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.但

20、not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。Not only the mother but also the children are sick.Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句部分倒装Not until last week did they find the lost bike.Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.as引导的让步状语从句注意：though也有同样用法，只不过它有两种句型而已。Proud as these nobles are,

21、 hes afraid to see me.Tired as he was, he kept on running.=Tired though he was, he kept on running.=Though he was tired,he kept on runningChild as he is, he knows a lot.（注意：child前不能带冠词a）Try as she might, she failed. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装Many a time has Jo

22、hn given me good advice.Often have we made that test.在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were,had 和should这三个词时，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前Had I time ,I would go and help you.Were I you, I would go abroad.Should he come , tell him to ring me up.完全倒装（主语与谓语完全颠倒）There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist,seem, happen, appear,live,rise,s

23、tand等There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.“Here/There/Now/Then+come/go/be等+主语”结构Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,主谓就不用倒装。Here y

24、ou are.There she comes.表示方向的副词out，in，up，down等置于句首,要用全部倒装In came Mr White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy. 表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall，under the tree，in front of the house，in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playgr

25、ound.They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。be系动词须与后面的主语保持一致。Such are all the conclusions.所有的结论就是这样。Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。“so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为

26、“也，同样，也如此”。注意：该结构与“so主语助动词/情态动词/系动词”结构的区别Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。“neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物If you dont go,neither/nor shall I.(=If you dont go,I shall not go.)你不去，我也不去。其它形式的完全倒装Present a

27、t the meeting was Mr.Green,a headmaster.（形容词短语）Such was the story he told me.（代词）East of the city lies a new railway.（副词短语）First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building.（不定式短语）Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.（过去分词）Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15.（现在分词短语）（1）强调句式的

28、基本形式：例句（2）强调句式的变化形式：例句（3）含有“(not)until”句型的强调句式：例句（4）强调句与非强调句的辨别：例句（5）对谓语动词的强调：例句Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.A. that B. where C. when D. which【解析】答案为A。问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our vil

29、lage。Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when 【解析】答案为B。此句强调句子的主语（从句），原句可改写成：Not what we do once in a while but what we do consistently shapes our lives.句意：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。Johns success has nothing to do with

30、 good luck. It is years of hard work _has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. when D. that 【解析】答案为D。题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D项。It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which【解析】答案为B。迷惑点在于强调

31、部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。本句是对from only a few supplies进行强调。Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. where B. that C. which D. what 【解析】答案为B。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？It is

32、 not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work most.A. who B. which C. that D. what【解析】答案为C。所填词与it is构成强调句型，被强调部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，指物，用that，选C项。其余选项与题意不符。句意：不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情投入了多少爱心对我们的工作才最有利。It was until last year that he

33、 _.A. left school for a new start B. came to realize the importance of learning EnglishC. worked as an English teacher at a middle school D. set out to build a new house of his own【解析】答案为C。本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，故选答案C。It was _ he came bank from Africa that wear _ he met the girl he would

34、 like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 【解析】答案为C。本题考查的是强调句型。根据It is that 结构可知。Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where【解析】答案为D。咋一看，似乎就是强调句，但是补全“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her”以后，我们就可

35、以判断出这儿省略了强调句。where引导定语从句。If you have a job, yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting【解析】答案为A。此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。”（1）简单句中的省略：例句（2）从句中的省略：例句（3）替代性省略：例句I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend

36、._good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds【解析】答案为D。Sounds good实际上是It Sounds good的省略。_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether【解析】答案为B。此处为“What+a/an+adj.+n. +it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will ser

37、ve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless【解析】答案为D。本题表面上看是在考查状语引导词，但实际上是在考查省略情况，把句子补全“unless it is otherwise stated”才能理解句意。句意：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会够两到三个人食用。Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 【

38、解析】答案为C。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work, 根据省略的原则，所以答案选C项。Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If so【解析】答案为D。替代性省略。 If so = If you have done that / so。句意：你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元，如果是这样的话，你们可以继续第二单元。You havent lost the ticke

39、t, have you?_.I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so【解析】答案为A。替代性省略。本题B、D两项以yes开头，那就表示已经把票丢了，与后文内容不相符，不能只说再弄票不容易，而应表示着急或遗憾才对。C项用于前句是肯定句的时候，此处若用，意思就是：我希望如此（我希望我已经把票丢了），显然不合理。A项中的not一词替代一个与上文相同的否定句，合乎语境。1.部分倒装（1）否定词（+介词短语）或表示否

40、定意义的短语置于句首时的倒装：例句（2）No soonerthan、Hardlywhen、 Scarcelywhen句型中的倒装：例句（3）so/suchthat句型中的倒装：例句（4）only+状语（从句）置于句首的倒装：例句（5）as引导的让步状语从句：例句（6）“Not only+并列分句,but (also)+并列分句”句型中的前一并列分句要部分倒装：例句（7）Not until引导的状语从句放在句首,从句不倒装,主句要部分倒装：例句Its nice. Never before _such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A.I have ha

41、d B. I had C. have I had D. had I【解析】答案为C。考查时态及倒装。never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satis

42、fied【解析】答案为D。by no means意为“绝不”，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。B项多了not一词。Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone【解析】答案为A。no sooner.than.为固定结构形式，表示“刚就”，no sooner后常接“had+主语”这一倒装结构。 about wild plants that they decided to make a

43、trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious【解析】答案为B。so+ adj. /adv. 置于句首时，其主句需用部分倒装。Only when he reached the tea-house _it was the same place hed been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize【解析】答案为D。本题考查的是以only引导的状语从句引起的部分倒装，应把主句中动词的助动词提前至句首，所以选D项。句意：只有当他到了茶馆的时候，他才意识到跟去年呆的是同一个地方。Unsatisfied _with the payment ,he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though【解析】答案为B。as, thoug