初中英语句子成分语法分析之宾语相关考点.docx

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1、初中英语句子成分语法分析之宾语相关考点复合宾语（宾语补足语）复合宾语是指宾语由两部分组成。 后面部分也可称为宾语的补语。1. 宾语补足语的一般情况宾语补足语通常紧随于宾语之后。1) 名词(代词) + 形容词 (即形容词作宾语补语)* Do you think his ideawrong? 你认为他的意见错了吗？* We must keep our classroomclean. 我们必须保持教室清洁。2) 名词(代词) + 名词 （即名词作宾语补语）* We call himJack. 我们叫他杰克。* He considers himselfan experton the subject.

2、他认为自己是这门学科的专家。3) 名词(代词) +现在分词（即现在分词作宾语补语）* I saw themplaying football. 我看见他们正在踢足球。* When he awoke, he found himselfbeing looked afterby a pretty young nurse. 当他醒来后， 他发现一个年轻漂亮的护士在照料他。4) 名词(代词) +过去分词（即过去分词作宾语补语）* I had my bikestolen. 我的自行车被偷了。* I saw the groundcovered with snow. 我看到地上覆盖着雪。5) 名词(代词) +介

3、词短语（即介词短语作宾语补语）* We found everythingin good order. 我们发现一切井然有序。* He awoke to find the houseon fire. 他醒来时发现房子着了火。* When I called on Tom, I found himat his desk. 我拜访汤姆时，发现他在伏案工作。* We have himas our good friend. 我们把他视为好朋友。6) 名词(代词) + 副词 （即副词短语作宾语补语）* Send themback. 把它们退回去。* I cant get the nailout. 我没法把这

4、个钉子拔出。* Please turn the lightoffbefore you leave. 离开前请关灯。7) 名词(代词) +不定式（即不定式作宾语补语）a) 带to 的不定式作宾语补语* We invited himto come to our school. 我们邀请他来我们学校。* We cant allow themto do that. 我们不能容许他们那样做。* I warn younot to believea word he says. 我提醒你， 对他讲的话一句也不要信。b) 有些动词只跟不带to的不定式作宾语补语* I often hear himread Eng

5、lishin his room. 我常听见他在房间里读英语。* Please let medo it. 请让我做。* They made merepeat the story. 他们逼我又把那事讲了一遍.* I saw himput the keyin the lock. 我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔.* She watched himrepair the bicycle. 她看着他修理单车。* Did you notice anyonecome in? 你注意到有人进来了吗?c) 动词help 可以跟带to 的不定式作宾语补语，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但被动时则要加to。* She

6、sometimes helps her mother(to) wash clothes. 她有时帮她妈妈洗衣服。* I helped him(to) find his things. 我帮他找东西.* They were helpedto complete the project. 他们得到帮助完成项目。【高中以上】2. 宾语补足语有时可被移到宾语之前，特别是宾语较长或宾语是从句时。1）副词补足语提前副词补足语提前在英语中比较常见。* He tookoffhis coat immediately. 他立即脱下外套。* It is difficult to sortoutthe lies fro

7、m the truth. 很难从事实中区分出谎言。* Can you makeoutwho is over there talking with our teacher? 你能认出那边正和我们老师谈话的人是谁吗?2）形容词补足语提前* The improvement in technology madepossiblethe rise of production. 技术的改进使产量增加成为可能。* The teacher madeclearthe difference between the two words. 老师清楚地说明了两个词的区别。* In recent years, China

8、has continuously madepublicits military expenditure through * white paper. 近年来中国连续以白皮书的形式向世界公布了自己的军费开支情况。* I beg you to keepsecretwhat we talked here. 我求你对这里所谈的话保密。3) 现在分词和过去分词作补足语有时也可以被移到宾语前。* She foundsitting on the deska guy dressed like a student. 她见到一个学生打扮的小伙子坐在桌子上。* He foundhidden behind the r

9、ocka plant which he had never seen before. 他发现一棵从未见过的植物隐藏在岩石后边。3. 介词宾语的宾语补足语 (with/without复合结构)介词with/without 的宾语也常可有宾语补足语，构成复合结构， 表示方式、补充说明、伴随动作、 时间、 条件或原因等。1）with/without + n. + 现在分词*With the boy leading the way, we quickly found the house. 有男孩带路，我们很快找到那所房间。* The English class endedwith all studen

10、ts singingan English song. 英语课以全体学生合唱一首英语歌而结束。* I cant move about in the citywithout everybody knowing. 在这座城市我的行踪无法不让大家知道。2）with/without + n. + 过去分词*With a lot of problems settled, the newly-elected president is having a good time. 解决了许多问题之后，新上任的总统有一个好的时光。*With the homework finished, he was allowed

11、to watch the football match. 完成作业之后，他被允许看足球赛。3）with/without + n. + 形容词* Before he came here, my father used to sleepwith his eyes open. 我父亲来这儿之前，常常睁着眼睛睡觉。* It was cold outside, the boy ran into the roomwith his nose red. 外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。4）with/without + n. + 介词短语* The teacher came into the c

12、lassroomwith a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。* He was asleepwith his head on his arms. 他头放在手臂上睡着了。5）with/without + n. + 副词* He was standing therewith nothing on. 他一丝不挂地站在那里。* We went homewith our work over. 我们工作做完就回家了。主语补足语含有复合宾语的句子，当采用被动语态时，原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语则因此变为主语补足语。试对比下面句子。* We call himJason.

13、 (名词作宾语补足语) 我们叫他贾森。* He is calledJason. (名词作主语补足语）他叫贾森。* We must keep these productsdry. (形容词作宾语补足语) 我们必顺保持产品干燥。* These products must be keptdry.（形容词作主语补足语）这些产品必顺保持干燥。* He turned the lightoff. (副词作宾语补足语) 他关掉了灯。* The light was turnedoff. (副词作主语补足语) 灯关了。* I saw himplaying basketballyesterday. （现在分词作宾语

14、补足语）我昨天看见他正在打蓝球。* He was seenplaying basketballyesterday. （现在分词作主语补足语）昨天看见他正在打蓝球。* He instructed usto waithere. （不定式作宾语补足语）他指示我们在这儿等。* We are instructedto waithere. （不定式作主语补足语）我们得到指示在这儿等。* We should keep the cardsin good order. （介词短语作宾语补足语）我们应该保持卡片排好序。* The cards should be keptin good order. （介词短语作主语补足语）卡片必顺排好序。学科网（北京）股份有限公司