初中英语语法学习之不定式的用法解析.docx

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1、初中英语语法学习之不定式的用法解析不定式作主语*To stop the work nowseems impossible. 现在停止工作似乎已经不可能。*To love and to be lovedis the greatest happiness one can seek. 爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。很多时候为了避免头重脚轻的现象, 常以it 作为先行词, 而把不定式移到句子的后部。a) it + be + 形容词 + 不定式*Itisnt rightto gossip about others. 说闲话是不对的。*Itis nicenot to be dependent on

2、them. 不依靠他们是好的。b) it + be + 名词 + 不定式*Its our dutyto take good care of the old. 照顾好老人是我们的义务。*Itwas a pityto have to go without her. 她没能一起去真是可惜。*Itis not a good habitto stay up too late. 熬夜到太晚是个不好的习惯。* Isntita good ideato set up a lab of our own? 建一座我们自己的实验室不是个好主意吗？c) it + 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式*Itrequires a l

3、ot of moneyto build a house. 建一座房子需要一大笔钱。*Ittakes five minutesto walk there. 走到那里需要5分钟。*Itseems a pityto refuse. 拒绝似乎是很遗憾的。d) it + be + 介词短语 + 不定式*Its beyond meto explain these. 要解释这些我力所不及。*Its really beyond my abilityto communicate with you. 我确实无法和你交流。2) 不定式作宾语a) 不定式作宾语* He neglectedto pay the fee.

4、 他忘记付钱了。* My mother hatesto move from place to place, for she feels tired. 我妈妈讨厌搬来搬去，因为她感到很疲倦。* She failedto finish the assignmentin time, and she was worried about it. 她没有及时完成任务，她对此感到很担心。* I cant affordto buy a car. 我买不起小汽车。* We will arrangeto see him tomorrow. 我们将安排明天见他。* They preferrednot to put

5、this on the agenda. 他们宁愿不把这列入议程。* I am preparingto take the examination on Monday. 我在准备参加礼拜一的考试。注： 动词help可有不带to的不定式作宾语。* Regular exercise will help(to) improve your health. 经常进行锻增进健康。b) 不定式与连接(代)副词连用构成宾语结构* I hope youll advise mewhat to do. 我希望你给我出主意怎么办好。* I couldnt decidewhich book to choose. 我决定不了

6、选择哪本书。* Could you please tell mewhere to park my car? 你可以告诉我哪里可以停车吗？* Have you decidedwhen to marry? 你决定什么时候结婚了吗？* He didnt knowwhether to laugh or to cry. 他感到啼笑皆非。* Everyone has his own idea ofhow to do it. 如何做这件事各人都有不同的看法。* Marx gave some advice onhow to learn a foreign language. 马克思给了些关于如何学习一门外语的

7、建议。* Im worrying aboutwhat to do next. 我正在担心下一步该怎么办。c) 有时可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。* He foundithardto learn maths. 他发现数学很难学。* Dont you thinkitbetterto translate it this way? 你难道不觉得这样译好些吗？* I consideritbetternot to go. 我认为还是不去为好。* He madeita ruleonly to speak English in class. 他规定课堂上只能讲英语。* He regardsitas

8、 importantto help his friends. 他认为帮助朋友是很重要的。3) 不定式构成复合宾语a) 许多动词可有不定式作为复合宾语，即: 动词 + 名词 (代词) + 不定式。* They preferred hernot to go with them. 他们宁愿不跟他们去。* He wants all of usto make rapid progress. 他希望我们大家都迅速进步。* I didnt expect youto arrive here so soon.我没有料到你会来得这么快。* What do you advise meto do? 你建议我做什么？*

9、 They invited usto go therein the summer. 他们邀请我们夏天去那里。* Tell himto come herethe day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。b) 作为复合宾语的不定式可以是完成形式或进行形式。* People consider Charles Babbageto have invented the first computer. 人们认为查尔斯巴贝奇是第一个发明电脑的人。* We believed itto have been a mistake. 我们相信那曾是个错误。* The man was later di

10、scoveredto have been a spy. 后来，发现这个人当过间谍。* Of course we should like everythingto be going smoothly. 当然我们愿意一切都进行得很顺利。c) 有些动词可跟带有to be 的复合宾语。* The note reminds meto be carefulwhatever I do. 这小纸条提醒我做什么事都要谨慎。* What do you considerto be your greatest achievement? 您认为您最伟大的成就是什么？* We believe himto be guilt

11、y. 我们相信他是有罪的。* We know himto be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。* They find the Chinese peopleto be happy and cheerful他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。* He declared the rumorto be false. 他宣布传闻是假的。d) 跟复合宾语的动词有时可用被动语态。* Shewill be sent to study abroad. 她将要被送到国外读书。* Tomwas considered to be one of the best studentsin our class at that

12、time. 那时汤姆被认为是我们班上成绩很好的学生之一。* Moneywas also thought to be very important. 钱也被认为是很重要的。* Mr. Brownis said to have left for Italylast week. 据说布朗先生上个星期去了加拿大。* Theyare said to be building another bridgeacross the river. 据说他们正在这条河上修另一座大桥。e) 有些动词只跟不带to 的不定式构成复合宾语。* He saw herfall from the cliff. 他看见她从悬崖上掉下

13、去。* I felt someoneopen my door 我感觉有人开了我的门。* He notices a thiefslip into the house. 他注意到一个小偷溜进了房子。* I will have the studentswrite a passage about Internet. 我会让学生写一篇关于网络的作文。* Her parents let herstay out late. 她父母让她在外面呆到很晚。* What make youthink like that? 是什么使你这样想？* Please listen to mesing the song agai

14、n请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。* Look at the girldance! 瞧那些女孩跳舞！注：动词help 可以跟带to 的不定式作宾语补语，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但被动时则要加to:* She sometimes helps her mother(to) wash clothes. 她有时帮她妈妈洗衣服。* I helped him(to) find his things. 我帮他找东西.* They were helpedto complete the project. 他们得到帮助完成项目。f) 有些“动词 + 介词”结构后也可跟不定式构成的复合宾语。* The gov

15、ernment calls on the publicto fight against piracy. 政府号召大众人民反对盗版。* We are all longing for the new termto begin. 我们都期待新学期开始。4) 不定式作定语a) 不定式可以作后置定语修饰前边的名词* I have a lot of workto do.我有很我工作要做。* He was the first athleteto get to the finishing line. 他是第一个到达终点的选手。* Its timeto get up! 该起床了!* He made no att

16、emptto carry it out.他无意将它付诸实行。* His anxietyto succeedled him study very hard. 他迫切希望成功，这促使他非常努力地学习。b) 不定式作定语有时会用到被动形式。* You are invited to a partyto be given at 7:00 p. m. Dec. 5. 请你参加将于十二月五日晚上七点举行的晚会。* Have you got ready for the meetingto be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗？* Im going to the post office. Do you

17、 have any lettersto be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？c) 不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语【高中以上】* It was a bad seasonin which to have outings. 这是一个不适于郊游的季节。* Allow me one minutein which to change my costumes. 给我一分钟时间来卸装。* She had a little money in the bank,with which to help her mother. 她在银行有一点存款，用来帮助她的妈妈。5) 不定式作状语a) be

18、+ 形容词 + 不定式* He was delightedto see his old friend again. 他再见到他的老朋友感到很高兴。* She was afraidto go outat night. 她晚上不敢外出。* Are we likelyto arrive in time? 我们能够及时到达吗？* John was carelessto break the cup. 约翰不小心把杯子摔破了。b) 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果等。* A group of young people got togetherto discuss this question. 一群年轻

19、人聚集在一起讨论这个问题。* I often read China Daily so asto improve my reading.我常读中国日报以提高我的阅读。* The whole nation was in deep sorrowto learn the death of Lincoln. 听到林肯去逝的消息，全国都沉浸在悲痛之中。* She tried to kill herselfonly to be saved.她企图自杀，后来被救了。c) 不定式可作状语修饰整个句子。*To begin with，I do not like its color. 首先，我不喜欢它的颜色。*To

20、tell you the truth，the film was a great disappointment to me. 说实在的，那部影片使我大为失望。*To make a long story short，we agreed to disagree. 长话短说，我们同意各自保留不同的看法。* It happened late last century in 1995,to be exact. 事情发生在上个世纪末准确地说，在1995年。*To make matters worse, it started to snow when evening came. 更糟糕的是，天黑时天开始下雪了

21、。d) 此外，在许多句型中也可用不定式作状语。* He istooexcitedto sleep.他太激动了，不能入睡。* Tom kept quiet about the accidentso as not to losehis job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。* His indifferenceis such as tomake one despair. 他如此冷淡，令人感到绝望。* Baker cant have donesucha terrible thingas tokeep you waiting for so long. 贝克不可能做出这么糟糕的事让你等了这么久

22、。* Would you besokindas tocarry the luggage for me？你能帮我提一下行李吗？* People there killed many lionsin order to protectthe deer. 那里的人们为了保护鹿, 杀掉了许多狮子。* He was luckyenough tofind a seat.他够幸运的，能找到座位。* He came in quietlyin order not towake the child. 他轻轻地走了进来, 以免吵醒孩子。6) 不定式作表语* His wish isto buy a luxurious car in the near future 他的愿望就是在不久的将来买一辆豪华的小车。* To learn a language isto use it. 学语言是为了使用语言。* To see isto believe. 眼见为实。* What impressed him most wasto see the great changes that had happened there. 给他印象最深的是看到那里所发生的巨大变化。学科网（北京）股份有限公司