高考基础语法特殊句式讲义 高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、课程主题：特殊句式学习目标1. 掌握特殊句式的基本用法。2. 结合高考真题及模拟题分析特殊句式的考点。教学内容【知识梳理】考点一 倒装一、全部倒装把谓语完全放在主语之前的现象叫全部倒装。全部倒装常用于以下情况:用法例句方位副词(如here,there等) ,时间副 词 (如now,then等)以及表示趋向的 副词 (如in,out,away,up,down,off等)位于句首,且句子主语是名词时Here is Mr. Wang.王先生来了。Now comes your turn.现在该你了。 Up went the rocket into the air.火箭升空了。用法例句表示地点的介词短语

2、位于句首,句子 谓语动词是表示存在意义的不及物 动词 (如lie,stand,live,sit,exist等) ,且句子主语为名词时On her left sat her daughter.她左边坐着她的 女儿。Beyond the river lives a hunter.有个猎人住在河对岸。注意：若句子主语是代词,则句子不倒装。如： Here they are.他们在这儿。例1 He entered the room, noticing there stood/was standing (stand) a girl he had never seen before.二、部分倒装只把谓语的一

3、部分(多为助动词或情态动词) 置于主语之前的现象叫部分倒装。 构成部分倒装结构时,如果谓语部分无情态动词或be动词,则要找助动词来帮助构成 倒装句。常用于以下几种情况: 1. 具有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。 常见的词或短语有:hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, never, in no way/by no means (决不) , in no case/on no account (决不) , under no circumstances (无论如何都不) 等。Under no circumstances should you lose he

4、art.你无论如何都不应该失去信心。2.only+状语(从句) 置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)一般要部分倒装。若only不修饰状语,句子不倒装。Only in the morning can you meet him.你只有在早晨才能见到他。3.as/though引导让步状语从句时的倒装情况：though引导让步状语从句时，状语从句可倒可不倒。 as引导让步状语从句时,状语从句必须倒装。其结构为:表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他.注意：although引导让步状语从句时，状语从句不可倒装。Old as/though he is, he works like a you

5、ng man.他虽然老了,但工作起来像个年 轻人。4.hardly/scarcely.when., no sooner.than.引导的时间状语从句中的倒装。 当 hardly/scarcely, no sooner位于句首时,when/than前的内容要部分倒装,其后的内容不倒装。No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.她刚出去电话就响了。5. not until置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)要部分倒装。6. not only.but ( also) .连接两个并列分句,且 not only置于句首时, not only所

6、在的分句要部分倒装。 neither.nor.连接两个并列分句,且neither和nor分别位于分句句首时,两个分句都要部分倒装。Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.他不仅许了诺言,而且也遵守了这个诺言。Neither do I know what has happened, nor do I care about it. 我不知道发生了 什么,我也不关心。例2 Never for a second, the boy says, did (do) I doubt that my father would come to my

7、rescue.例3 How was the weather then?Hardly had (have) I stepped off the plane when it started to rain.考点二 强调一、强调句型1.强调句型概览：基本结构： It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.框架构成要素： it is/was, that/who用于构成强调句型的基本框架，不可用其他词替换。强调人时，可用that/who,强调其他时均用that。is/was：根据时态选用is/was。强调成分：主语、宾语、地点状语、 时间状语等。注意：判断一个句子是否为强调句时，可把It

8、 is/was和that/who去掉,若剩下的部分仍能组成一个完整的句子,且意义符合逻辑,那么该句就是强调句,否则就不是。It is my brother who/that likes jazz.喜欢爵士乐的是我弟弟。(强调主语) It was before he went to London that he had learned English.他是在去伦敦之前 学的英语。(强调时间状语从句)2.not.until的强调句型： It is/was not until.that.It was not until I told Jack everything that he understoo

9、d why I was angry with him.直到我把一切都告诉杰克,他才明白我为什么生他的气。例4 It was (be) with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.例5 It was in this new hall which/that was just set up last month that we held an important meeting yesterday.二、 do型强调结构1.基本构成： do/does/did+动词原形2.用于强调谓语动词3.句子一般是肯定

10、句4.时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时He does know the place well.他的确熟悉这个地方。考点三 祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略) ,常见的有以下几种形式:形式及含义例句肯定式动词原形(+宾语)(+其他) .Come in, please!Be+表语(名词/形容词)(+其他) .Be a good kid!Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他) .Let me have a look.强调式Do+动词原形(+其他) .该句型常意为务必做某事。Do tell her about it.Do be careful next

11、 time!形式及含义例句常用句型:祈使句+and/or/破折号+陈述句.Hurry up or well be late for school.Try some of this juice perhaps youll like it.例6 Ready to play? Find (find) the nearest hospital using the map below.考点四 感叹句一、 what型感叹句:what修饰名词a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语) !What+ 形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语) !形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语) !What a wonderf

12、ul story (it is) !多精彩的一个故事啊!What beautiful flowers (they are) !多漂亮的花儿啊!二、 how型感叹句:how修饰形容词、副词例7 The little boy came riding his bicycle at full speed down the motorway. What a dangerous scene it was!例8 How glad I was that he was sitting next to me.考点五 There be句型There be句型表示 (某处/某时) 有 ,there本身没有词义,be是

13、谓语动词,be后 面的名词或代词是主语。一、 There be句型中的beThere be句型中的be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致;主语为并列结构时,be的人称和数遵循就近原则。be可以有不同的时态形式,还可以与助动词和情态 动词连用。例9 Once there were (be) two poor woodsmen who made a living bycollecting woods.例10 There will be (be) a new hospital nearby in the near future.例11 There are(be) a number of creati

14、ve inventions that are being exhibited inthe centre.二、 There be句型的变式There be句型中的be有时可用seem/happen/appear to be, remain, stand, exist, live等替换。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海 边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。三、 There be句型的非谓语形式There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)或动词-ing形式(there bei

15、ng)出 现在句子中,there to be可以作动词的宾语， there being在句中作主语、宾语或状语。 There being a bus stop near the school is a great convenience to students.学校附近有一个公交站点,这对学生来说非常便利。(主语)例12 There being (be) neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch.四、含There be的固定句型There is no sen

16、se/point in doing sth.做某事没有道理/意义。There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.（某人）没必要做某事。There is no doubt that毫无疑问There is no chance/possibility of (doing)sth./that.（做）某事是不可能的。考向1 祈使句【真题演练】1.2018北京,8In any unsafe situation, simply press (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you

17、need.2.2015湖南,31Always keep (keep) in mind that your main task is to get thiscompany running smoothly.祈使句在高考中考查较少。做题时要注意分析句子成分,牢记祈使句的常用句型, 准确辨别祈使句和非谓语动词作状语的情况。考向2 强调句型和倒装【真题演练】3.2018天津,14It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.4.2016江苏,34Not un

18、til recently did (do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.强调句型和倒装在近些年全国卷中未涉及,偶尔在地方卷中出现。要注意区分强 调句型和其他句型以及正确使用倒装语序。【课后巩固】一、单句语法填空1.2023广东广州三校联考Its the planets intense heat that causes it to glow.2.2023天津市新华中学模拟There is(be) no doubt that The Dream of the Red

19、Mansions is such a good novel that it is worth reading again and again.3.2023上海市明光中学模拟预测Taking advantage of the development of the automobile industry, the company continues to expand its domestic and overseas market, with which come (come) problems.4.2023天津市新华中学模拟When I try to understand what it is

20、 (be) that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems tome that there are two causes.5.2023上海奉贤区期中It was not until the beginning of this century that we truly got rid of poverty and created a bright future.6.2022天津市新华中学模拟What great fun it was marching along the stre

21、ets,enjoying the festive atmosphere!本句中， it是形式主语， marching along the streets是真正的主语， enjoying the festive atmosphere作伴随状语。句意：走在大街上，享受节日的气氛是多么有趣啊！7.Seated in the first row are (be) some advanced workers. 8.She did(do) tell me about the meeting, but I totally forgot about it.9.There are (be) various ty

22、pes of tea that offer different health benefits and flavors.10.The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, nor did (do) they allow themselves to be disobeyed.11.There is a Chinese saying going (go) like this: Read 10,000 books andtravel 10,000 miles.12.He does (do) know the city well. He has been living here since graduation.13.It is said that there will be (be) a discount at the gas station nextWednesday.14. How fascinating it is to go hiking in the country park in the cool autumn! 15.Lets keep to the point or we wont reach any decisions.句意：让我们紧扣主题，否则我们做不出任何决定。8学科网（北京）股份有限公司