舶船柴油机监测系统的开发与研究大学论文.doc
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1、摘 要摘 要作为船舶主动力设备的柴油机可比作船舶的心脏,其可靠的运行是保障航运安全的关键。对船舶柴油机的运行状态进行监测,能及时发现设备存在的故障隐患,避免突发性故障导致停机和安全事故的发生,因而具有重要的意义。本课题以16VPA6柴油机为研究对象,利用虚拟仪器等技术开发船舶柴油机监测系统,并且就相关的技术开展了深入的研究。本文首先分析了船舶柴油机监测系统的研究现状和发展趋势,并对监测系统中的新技术如嵌入式技术和虚拟仪器技术进行了详细的介绍。在充分了解现状和新技术的基础上,进一步明确了本文的技术路线和主要工作。在上述基础上,本文对船舶柴油机监测系统进行了总体设计。在满足总体设计要求的前提下,完
2、善设计思路和制定设计方案并预期了开发结果,为后文的硬件设计和软件设计指明方向。接着,本文对监测系统进行了详细的硬件设计和软件设计。其中,硬件设计主要包括信号调理箱和数据处理箱的设计,并对系统中所需用到的硬件进行了介绍。软件设计部分则首先阐述系统的软件结构和选择软件开发平台,然后根据软件结构中所划分的功能模块分别进行详细的设计,并对软件程序的维护和扩展进行了介绍。最后,本文对开发完成的柴油机监测系统进行了试验验证和分析。结果表明,该船舶柴油机监测系统运行情况良好,基本满足既定功能,能较好地完成对柴油机信号的监测并能提取异常信号,为后续的柴油机故障诊断专家系统提供数据。关键词:船舶;柴油机;Lab
3、VIEW;信号模拟器IAbstractAbstractAs the main power equipment or the heart of the ship, diesel engines reliable running is the key to guarantee the security of the marine. The monitoring of the ships diesel engines running status can discover promptly the breakdown hidden danger, avoid the burst breakdown
4、causing the engine off and safety incidents occurrences, thus has the vital significance. This dissertation takes the 16VPA6 diesel engine as the object of study, uses virtual instrument technology and so on to develop the ships diesel engine monitoring system, and has carried out the thorough resea
5、rch on the related technology.This article has first analyzed the ships diesel engine monitoring systems research present situation and the trend of development, and has carried on the detailed introduction to monitoring systems new technical like embedded technology and the virtual instrument techn
6、ology. In the full understanding present situation and in the new technologys foundation, has further been clear about the technique route and primary task of the dissertation.In the above foundation, this article has carried on the system design to the ships diesel engine monitoring system. Under t
7、he premise of satisfying the system design request, consummates the design ideas,works out the design proposal, and anticipates the development results, indicates the direction for the later word hardware design and the software design.Then, this article has carried on the detailed hardware design a
8、nd the software design to the monitoring system. And, the hardware design mainly includes the signal modulator band the data conversion boxs design, and the hardware which needs to the system in has carried on the introduction. The software design part firstly expound sthe software frame and select
9、the software development platform, then designs separtedly in detail according to function modules setted in software frame, and introduces the matainence and extendability of the software program.Finally, the dissertation has carried on the experimental verification and the analysis of the develope
10、d diesel engine monitoring system. The result indicates that this ships diesel engine monitoring system operational aspect is good, satisfies the requested function in substance. The monitoring system can complete the diesel engine signal monitoring well, and can withdraw the unusual signal to provi
11、de the data for the following diesel engine failure diagnosis expert system.Key Words: ship; diesel engine; LabVIEW; signal simulatorVII目 录目 录摘 要IAbstractIII第1章 绪论11.1 课题的背景和意义11.2 国内外研究现状与发展趋势21.2.1 柴油机状态监测研究现状21.2.2 船舶柴油机监测系统的技术进展31.3 论文技术路线及主要工作5第2章 监测系统的总体设计72.1 设计要求72.2 设计思路82.3 设计方案82.4 预期结果12
12、2.5 本章小结13第3章 柴油机监测系统硬件设计153.1 传感器信号的分类及特点153.2 信号调理箱的设计173.3 数据处理箱的设计183.3.1 智能采集模块设计183.3.2 信号处理电脑设计243.4 硬件设计说明253.5本章小结25第4章 柴油机监测系统软件设计274.1 概述274.1.1 软件总体结构274.1.2 软件开发平台284.2 LabVIEW开发流程294.2.1 创建带实时目标的项目294.2.2 创建并编写FPGA VI304.2.3 编译FPGA VI304.2.4 编写主机接口314.3 数据采集模块设计314.3.1 功能说明314.3.2 程序设计
13、324.4 监测与报警模块设计334.4.1 超限报警模块334.4.2 监测报警界面334.4.3 报警传输模块344.5 数据通讯模块设计354.5.1 控制器通讯模块354.5.2 触摸屏通讯模块设计364.5.3 集控台通讯模块设计384.6 燃烧分析模块设计434.6.1 示功图分析444.6.2 燃烧性能指标474.6.3 燃烧放热率曲线504.6.4 某缸拟合数据燃烧分析524.7 振动分析模块设计544.7.1 频谱图分析544.7.2 振动性能指标594.7.3 某缸拟合数据振动分析604.8 软件维护与功能扩展614.8.1 软件维护介绍614.8.2 功能扩展介绍624.
14、9 本章小结63第5章 柴油机监测系统软硬件联调655.1 监测系统总体结构655.2 柴油机信号模拟器设计665.3 软硬件联调685.3.1 低频信号调试695.3.2 高频信号调试725.4 本章小结76第6章 结论与展望776.1 总结776.2 展望77参考文献79攻读硕士期间发表的学术论文81致 谢83ContentsContentsAbstract(Chinese)IAbstract(English)IIIChapter1 Introduction11.1 Background and significance of the subject11.2 Research status
15、 and development trend at home and abroad21.2.1 diesel engine monitoring research status21.2.2 ship diesel engine monitoing technology and development31.3 Paper technology route and prime task5Chapter2 Overall design of the monitoring sysytem72.1 Design requiremnet72.2 Design idea82.3 Design proposa
16、ls82.4 Anticipated result132.5 Summmary13Chapter3 Hardware design of diesel engine monitoring system153.1 Sensor signal sorts and characteristic153.2 Signal modulator box design173.3 Data convertion box design183.3.1 Intelligent gathering module design183.3.2 Signal processing computer design243.4 H
17、ardware design explanation253.5Summary25Chapter4 Software design of diesel engine monitoring system274.1 Outline274.1.1 Software overall frame274.1.2 Software development platform284.2 LabVIEW development flow294.2.1 Establish a project with Reai-Time targect294.2.2 Establish FPGA VI304.2.3 Compile
18、FPGA VI304.2.4 Write host interface314.3 Data acqusition module design314.3.1 Function explantion314.3.2 Program design324.4 Monitor and alarming module design334.4.1 Ultra limits alarming module334.4.2 Monitor alarming module334.4.3 Alarming transmission module344.5 Data communication module design
19、354.5.1 Control communication module354.5.2 Touch panel communication module364.5.3 Console communication module384.6 Combustion analysis module design434.6.1 Dynamometer card analysis444.6.2 combustion performance index474.6.3 Combustion heat release rate curve504.6.4 Some cylinder fitting data com
20、bustion analysis524.7 Vibration analysis module design544.7.1 Spectrograph analysis544.7.2 Vibration performance index594.7.3 Some cylinder fitting data vibration analysis604.8 Software maintenance and function expansion614.8.1 Software maintenance introduction614.8.2 Function expansion introduction
21、624.9 Summary63Chapter5 Diesel engine monitoring system hardware and software union debugging655.1 Monitoring system overall frame655.2 Diesel engine signal simulator design665.3 Hardware and software union testing685.3.1 Low frequency debugging695.3.2 High frequency debugging725.3 Summary76Chapter
22、6 Summary and forecast776.1 Summary776.2 Forecast77Reference79Research paper of published in postgraduate time81Acknowledgements83第1章 绪论第1章 绪论1.1 课题的背景和意义柴油机是船舶动力的主要来源,在船舶设备中占有重要的地位,其运行状态直接关系到船舶的运行安全1。由于柴油机具有零部件多且相互关联、运动复杂和工作条件恶劣等特点,发生故障的可能性较大。据统计,在众多海难事故中,机械事故位居首位占22%,船舶主机(柴油机)又占机械故障的45%。2在柴油机运行过程中
23、进行监测,以发现潜在的故障原因,及早采取措施,防止突发性故障的产生。这种运行状态监测方式,不仅避免了设备运行事故,提高了经济效益,而且大大降低了维修人员的劳动强度。它是柴油机进行故障诊断的前提。近些年来,我国船舶行业的规模越来越大,并且向高效、高速、系统化和自动化方向发展,所以当柴油机发生异常时,单靠维护人员来解决设备运行时出现的问题已变的越来越困难了。为了提高柴油机的使用效率和可靠性,提出了一种基于嵌入式平台的状态监测系统。嵌入式系统是一个技术密集、资金密集、高度分散,不断创新的知识集成系统,其产品具有较长的生命周期,是面向用户、面向产品、面向特定应用的,其软硬件各方面均受到应用需求的制约。
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