自考英美文学选读笔记完整笔记全面归纳各章重点.doc
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1、优质文本Brief Introduction to the Renaissance PeriodI. 应用Definitions of the Literary Terms:1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th & 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of
2、painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoveries in geograp
3、hy & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the int
4、erests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.2. Humanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the b
5、eginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values represented in the
6、 works. Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore,
7、 and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and Wi
8、lliam Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.3. Spenserian stanza: Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter & the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc.4. Metaphysical poetry:
9、 The term metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compare
10、d with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery in drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poets beloved, with God, or with himself.5. The Renaissance her A Renaissance hero refers to on
11、e created by Christopher Marlowe in his drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from both gods and men. He embodies Marlowes humanistic ides of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero in medieval plays, who seeks the way to h
12、eaven through salvation and gods will, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With the endless aspiration for power, knowledge, and glory, the hero interprets the true Renaissance spirit. Both Tamburlaine and Faustus are typical in posses
13、sing such a spirit.I. Edmund Spenser 1. 一般识记 Brief Introduction to the AuthorEnglish poet，born in London, England, about 1552,and died in London, Jan 13, 1599.2. 识记His Major WorksSpensers most important work & masterpiece is The Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age. A complex moral, religious, & p
14、olitical allegory, it is also an epic that exalts Queen Elizabeth & the English nation. According to Spensers own explanation, his principal intention is to present through a historical poem the example of a perfect gentleman: to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous & gentle discipline. I
15、ts principal hero is the Arthur of medieval legend. The six books of the poem illustrate the nature of particular virtues, such as, temperance & justice. Other major works of Spenser are The Shepheardes Calender(1579), a poem consisting of 12 eclogues-corresponding to the 12 months of the year; Epit
16、halamion (1595), a poem expressing the deep personal feelings occasioned by the poets second marriage; Amoretti (1595), a series of sonnets.3. 领会His Influence 1) Main qualities of Spensers poetrya perfect melody a rare sense of beautya splendid imaginationa lofty moral purity & seriousnessa dedicate
17、d idealism2) In his writing, Spenser drew on the conventions & thought of Classical, medieval, & Renaissance literature. However, he added to his fusion of these diverse elements much that was original, & his works inspired many later English poets. He created a new stanza, called the Spenserian sta
18、nza, which is well suited to narrative verse. His skills in writing melodious English verse & his combination of emotion, erudition, & spiritual vision have won him the admiration of generations of English poets. It is his idealism, his love of beauty, &his exquisite melody that make him known as th
19、e poets poet.4. 应用The Faerie Queene: 1) It is a long, allegorical poem. In the poem, Spenser dramatized political, religious, & moral themes by personifying them, or making them characters.2)Plot: The story, which is set against a background of Arthur & medieval legend, deals with the adventures of
20、six knights of the court of the fairy queen named Gloriana, who represents Queen Elizabeth of English. The faerie Queen was left unfinished at Spensers death. It was originally planned as a 12-book poem. But only 6 books were completed. The poem is particularly admired for the melodic beauty of its
21、language & for its rich content of philosophical & mythological material presented in the form of vivid narratives. II. Christopher Marlowe 1. 一般识记Brief Introduction English dramatist & poet,born in Canterbury, England, Feb, 6,1567, died in Deptford, England, May 30, 1593. Marlowe was the first grea
22、t English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions & ambitions.2. 识记His Major WorksHis most famous tragedies are Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Tamburlaine & Edward . In his plays,
23、 Marlowe used blank verse, which he molded into a superb instrument for expressing intense emotions. After his development of blank verse it became the standard medium for English dramatic & epic poetry. His non-dramatic poetry includes Hero & Leander, the Passionate shepherd to His love, & a verse
24、translation of Ovids Amores.Marlowes Doctor Faustus (about 1589), generally considered his best play, was based on a real Dr. Faustus, who was later associated with a medieval legend of a man selling his soul to the devil. The plays dominant moral is human rather than religious. It celebrates the hu
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