2021年深圳市一模试卷试卷解释卷.pdf

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1、2021年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选杼题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交向。（试卷共10页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟）第一部分 阅 读（共两节，满分50分）第 一 节（共 15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5）AThe Tanzania ConferenceThe Tanzania Conference

2、will be held in order to create direct communication between the conservation（保护）workers.It is sponsored by the Rufford Small Grants（RSG）,a group that funds nature conservation projects across thedeveloping world.This conference,chaired by Hudson Laizer,will bring 49 people from 7 countries.Two roun

3、ds of Experience Sharing Presentations will be held,each consisting of 4 speeches.Feature Presentations:Lucas Kwiyega,TanzaniaHis presentation will focus on his second RSG project of taking new measures to prevent illegal killing of lions inWestern Tanzania.Tutilo Mudumba,UgandaHe will talk about ho

4、w he uses the RSG to collect animal trap and makes these wires into marketable goods.Daniel Niyonsaba,RwandaHe will share his third RSG research project findings which focus on why the elephants are dying out in National Park ofRwanda.Evarastus Obura,KenyaHe will present his project entitled Underst

5、anding the decline of threatened antelopes:using barcoding（条形码）tomeasure the impact of damaged wetland,.1.What is the aim of the conference?A.To raise money.B.To set up a project.第1页 共1 6页C.To connect conservationists.D.To look for conservationists.2.How many presentations will be held?A.8.B.4,C.49.

6、D.7.3.Who will talk about the causes of the elephants extinction?A.Mr.Kwiyega.B.Mr.Mudumba.C.Mr.Niyonsaba.D.Mr.Obura.语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与自然A 语篇导读 本文应用文。文章主要介绍了坦桑尼亚会议举行的宗旨、内容和活动等。1.Co 动作倾向题。根据第一段第一句 The Tanzania Conference will be held in order to create direct communicationbetween the conservation(保 护)w

7、orkers(坦桑尼亚会议的召开是为了在保护主义者之间建立直接沟通)可知，坦桑尼亚会议的目的是联系保护主义者。故选A 项。2.Ao 数字计算题。根据第三段 Two rounds of Experience Sharing Presentations will be held,each consisting of 4speeches可知，将举办两轮经验交流会，每轮共4 场演讲，这次会议将举行8 次演讲。故选A 项。3.Co 间接信息题。根据 Daniel Niyonsaba,Rwanda 部分中的 He will share his third RSG research project find

8、ingswhich focus on why the elephants are dying out in National Park of Rwanda(他将分享他的第三个 RSG 研究项目的发现，该项目专注于卢旺达国家公园大象灭绝的原因)可知，Mr.Niyonsaba将谈大象灭绝的原因。故选C 项。读后知识积累:(Dconservationist/,kD nso vei f 0nl st/n.保护主义者；(2)presentation/,prezn tel J n/n.展示;描述；(3)extinction h k sti r)kf n/；(4)dieout 消失；灭绝；sponsor/s

9、pD nsa/v t.赞助；发起；(6)the RuffordSmall Grants(R S G)拉福德小额补助金。BOur school owned a boat named Jolie Brise.It was one of the most famous tall ships in the world and three timeswinner of the Fastnet Race.The boat was unusual:especially for a remote grammar school in Wiltshire,about as faraway from the sea

10、 as it can get in England.Obviously,such a site didnt match its fame.Mr.Parish had originally intended to join the Royal Navy but ended up as a teacher at our school.Some pupilsguessed that he still felt the call of the ocean-perhaps because his lessons were almost entirely devoted to navigation(航海)

11、.They argued that it was deeply unfair to learn about navigation but never actually go to sea.Then Mr.Parish,seeing a bunch of young people prepared to crew the boat,allowed them to sail her in return for working on the boat.And that was the beginning of the school sailing club.By the time I arrived

12、,the sailing club had grown.At weekends,we would work on her all day,cleaning andpainting her,and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night.Then came the big day when a school sailing trip wasannounced.Its destination was Saint-Malo.But it also meant that we had to refit the ship by removing

13、 every piece ofballast(压舱物)and replacing the bilge water(底舱污水)before we were allowed to sail.第2页 共1 6页And I did learn the ropes on that school trip.I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves.I learned themeaning of teamwork and became a better team player.I also learned that the best fish is

14、the one that you have caughtand cooked yourself from a boat that you have rebuilt and sailed yourself.4.What was unusual about the boat Jolie Brise?A.It was in a perfect condition.C.It won glory for the Royal Navy.5.Why was the sailing club set up?B.Its lawful owner was Mr.Parish.D.Its location wasn

15、t as famous as it was.B.The boat needed workers.D.Students asked to practice navigation.B.Mr.Parishs sailing experience.D.The schooPs offering financial support.A.The crew were selected.C.Mr.Parish tried to explore the sea.6.What finally made the school sailing trip possible?A.The clubs permission.C

16、.The students5 preparing the ship for it.7.What does the underlined phrase“learn the ropes”in paragraph 4 mean?A.Learn to cook.B.Master useful skills.C.Ensure sailing safety.D.Use ropes properly.语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会B 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者学校一艘帆船的故事。看到年轻人都想成为船员，Mr.Parish同意成立帆船俱乐部。经过学生们的共同努力，大家终于可以驾着停在附近的

17、那艘帆船出海，从中作者也获得了一些有用的技能。4.Do 直接信息题。根据第一段的 The boat was unusual:especially for a remote grammar school inWiltshire,about as far away from the sea as it can get in England.Obviously,such a site didnt match itsfame（这条船不寻常：尤其是对于威尔郡的一所偏远的语法学校来说，它在英国离海最远的地方。很显然，这样位置与它的名气不符）可知，故 选D项（它的位置不像它实际的名气）。5.Do 直接信息题

18、。根据第二段的 They argued that it was deeply unfair to leani about navigation butnever actually go to sea.Then Mr.Parish,seeing a bunch of young people prepared to crew the boat,allowed them to sail her in return for working on the boat.And that was the beginning of the schoolsailing club（他们争辩说，只学习航海知识却未能

19、真正出海，这是非常不公平的。后来，帕里什先生看到一群年轻人准备在船上当船员，就允许他们驾驶这艘船，作为回报他们要在这艘船上工作。这就是学校帆船俱乐部的开始）。可知，学校帆船俱乐部的开始是因为学生们要求出海实践。答案选D项。6.C。间接信息题。根据第三段的 At weekends,we would work on her all day,cleaning and painting her,and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night.Then came the big day when a school sailing tripwas

20、 announced（周末时，我们整天都为她忙碌，给她打扫卫生、上油漆，晚上我们就睡在地板上第3页 共16页的睡袋里。终于，学校宣布举行帆船旅行的大日子来临了。）可知，学校帆船旅行得以实现，是因为学生们努力让帆船为出海做好了准备。故选C。7.Bo 句意理解题。根据划线后面句子 I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves.I learned themeaning of teamwork and became a better team player.（我学会了如何在大浪中驾驶船。我学会了团队合作的意义，并且成为了一个更好的团队合作者）可知，

21、作者通过这次出海学到了很多有用的知识和技能。故 选B项。读后知识积累：一、（l）match/maetf/v.相配,相称；与.成 对;end up as最终成为；a bunch of一群；一束；collapse/k。keps/v.倒 塌;崩 溃；（熟词生义）萎陷；destination/,desti nei f n/n.目的地,终 点;（6）teamwork/ti：mw3:k/n.团队合作；协力。二、长难句分析They argued that it was deeply unfair to learn about navigation but never actually go to sea.结

22、构剖析：that引导宾语从句，从句中it是形式主语，but并列两个动词不定式to learn aboutnavigation 和 never actually go to sea 作真正主语。汉语意思：他们争辩说，只学习航海知识却未能真正出海，这是非常不公平的。CReal financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion.Its easy to define and evaluate a man byhis pursue Joseph Campbell once said,“Follow your dream

23、 and the universe will open doors where there are onlywalls.”In life,well always be found doing any of these two things:either making a living or making a difference.Pensions（养老金）and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials thatequip us for challenges and o

24、pportunities.A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means oflivelihood.Rather,it should be a means to fuel our passion.The earlier you realize this basic truth of lif

25、e,the moreclearly youll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value.The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken（KFC）shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of yourpension.Its founder,Colonel Harland Sanders,didnt realize this until he was given his first social secu

26、rity check of105 dollars.But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on thatsmall pension.He was detennined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value.Drawing inspiration fromhis mothers special recipe for fried chicken,he invented“

27、finger-licking“seasoning with eleven spices and herbs.第4页 共1 6页Despite much rejection,he managed to round up some investors and promote company*s rapid expansion to more than6,000 locations.Sanders life pointed towards two facts about making a difference:one,there is no age that is too old tomake a

28、difference;two,there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with,as long as it is yourpassion.8.How does the author support his argument in paragraph 2?A.By listing examples.B.By showing contrast.C.By including a quote.D.By sharing his experience.9.How did Sanders probably feel w

29、hen offered his first social security check?A.Deeply moved.B.Pleasantly surprised.C.Greatly relieved.D.Internally motivated.10.What does the author suggest we do?A.Pursue our passion.B.Get a well-paid job.C.Secure our position.D.Get career guidance.11.What is the best title for this text?A.Passion o

30、r Pension?B.Following Your DreamsC.Working for Pension D.To Work or not to Work?语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我C 语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议，文章通过对比和引用KFC创始人Colonel Harland Sanders的故事阐明一个观点真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于激情。8.Bo 写作手法题。根据第一段 In life,well always be found doing any of these two things:eithermaking a living or making a di

31、fference.Pensions（养老金）and salaries stop many from pursuingexcellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities.A jobhelps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference（在生活中，我们总是被发现做这两件事中的一种：要么谋生，要么做出改变。养老金和薪水阻止了很多人追求卓越，而激情解锁了很多隐藏的潜力，这些潜力让

32、我们能够面对挑战和机遇）可推知，本段作者通过对比稳定的收入和激情对人们的影响来支撑自己的观点。故选B 项。9.Do 观点态度题。根据第三段 But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself andother people instead of living on that small pension.He was determined to engage himself in whatbrought him impact and value可知，当Sanders拿到退休金时，他决定做一些对自己和他人都有用的事情，投

33、身于能够给自己带来影响和价值的事业。由此推知，Sanders的内心受到了激发。故选D 项。10.Ao 观点态度题。根据第二段 I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief第5 页共16页among workers that a job is a means of livelihood.Rather,it should be a means to fuel our passion(我想真诚地帮助调整和澄清工作者中被误导的信念，即工作是谋生的手段。相反，它应该是一种点燃激情的手段)和最后一段的 The suc

34、cess of Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC)shows how meaningful itis to pursue your passion instead of your pension(KFC的成功表明了追求你的热情而非养老金是多么有意义的)可推知，作者建议人们要追求自己的热情。答案选A 项。11.A o标题判断题。文章主要阐明了稳定的收入会让人停止进取，而激情却能让人迸发潜力的观点。故A 项(激情还是养老金？)可以作为本文标题。读后知识积累：一、(1)impact/I mpaekt/n.影响；效果；(2)internally/i n t3：noli/adv.内部

35、地；内在地；(3)pursue/po sju：/v t.从事；追赶；(4)passion/paej n/n.激情；热情；(5)engage oneself in从事于；忙于。二、长难句分析：I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means oflivelihood.结构剖析：that引导同位语从句，解释belief的内容，among workers只是夹杂在先行词与从句之间介词短语。汉语意思：我想真诚地帮助调整和澄清工人中被误导的信念，即

36、工作是谋生的手段。DIn a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence,researchers at Ohio State University show how artificialintelligence(AI)can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing,a solution that can help advance innovativetreatments.Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual.When doc

37、tors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved bythe Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels,the drugs are beingused u off-label“Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from havingpossible benefits fo

38、r other purposes.For example,Metformin,a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes,is also used to treat PCOS(adisease of women),and other diseases.Trazodone,an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression,is alsoprescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.Th

39、e Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probabilitywith patient data including the treatment,outcomes,and potential con founders(干扰因素).Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome.For example,a connection is identified between music第6页

40、共1 6页festivals and increases in skin rashes（红疹）.Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes.In this case,one possibleconfounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat,as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperatureis high,and heat is a known cause for rashes.When working with

41、 real-world data,confotrnders could number in thethousands.AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confbunders including population data and co-prescribed drugs.With thisproof-of-concept,now clinicians have a

42、 powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existingmedications.12.What do we know about a drug used off-label?A.It is sold without a label.B.It is available at a low price.C.Its uses extend beyond the original ones.D.Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.13.Metformin a

43、nd Trazodone are similar as both of t hem.A.are used off-labelC.result in sleep issues14.What can be inferred about“confounders”?A.They are possible treatments.C.They can be easily recognized in real-world data.15.What is the main idea of the text?A.AI examines benefits of existing drugs.B.treat rar

44、e diseasesD.are medical breakthroughsB.They are environmental factors.D.They should be taken into serious consideration.B.AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C.AI finds new drugs for common diseases.D.AI proves the power of drug research.语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会D 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在 自然机器智能杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄

45、亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能（AI）如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别用于重新使用的药物,这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。12.C。隐含意义推测题。根据文章第二段 When doctors prescribe drugs that have been approved by theFood and Drug Administration（FDA）for purposes different from what is printed on the labels,the drugsare being used“ofUabel“J ust because a drug is FDA-approved

46、 for a specific type of disease does notprevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes（如果医生开出的药物是经食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的，其目的与标签上的目的不同，那么这些药物就被 标示外 使用了，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于特定类型的疾病并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能产生的益处）可知，“标示外”药物的用途超出了原来的用途。故选C 项。13.A。间接信息题。根据文章第二段 the drugs are being used“off-label”J ust because a dr

47、ug isFDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other第7 页共16页purposes（这些药物被“标示外”使用，仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于某种特定类型的疾病，并不妨碍它在其他用途上可能有好处。）和文章第三段For example,Metformin,a drug that isFDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes,is also used to treat PCOS（a disea

48、se of women）,and otherdiseases.Trazodone,an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression,is also prescribed bydoctors to help treat patients with sleep issues（例如，FDA批准用于治疗2 型糖尿病的药物二甲双胭，也用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征（一种女性疾病）和其他疾病。曲喋酮是一种经美国食品及药物管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗抑郁症的抗抑郁药，医生也会开它来帮助治疗睡眠问题患者）可知，二甲双服和曲咏酮的相似之处是这两种药物都适合

49、症外使用。故选A 项。14.D。隐含意义推测题。根据文章第五段的 When working with real-world data,confounders couldnumber in the thousands.AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentiallythousands of confounders（在处理真实世界的数据时，干扰因素可能多达数千个。AI深度学习非常适合在潜在的成千万的干扰因素混合物中寻找模式）可推知，干扰因素应该被认真地考虑。故选 D 项。15.Bo 主

50、旨大意题。根据文章第一段 In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence,researchersat Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugsfor repurposing,a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.（在 自然机器智能 杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能（AI）如何能