人教版八年级英语阅读理解训练.pdf

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1、人教版八年级英语阅读理解训练 人教版八年级英语阅读理解训练【方法介绍】：做阅读理解部分时还要考虑段际关系，即段落与段落之间的关 系。段际关系可能是顺接关系、转折关系、例证关系或对比与对照关系。段际关系的理解是理解过渡句使用的前提条 件。还有一种特殊的段际关 系，即过渡关系，两个段落之间有一个过渡段起承上启下的作用。中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏，是初中英语教学大纲的集中体现，而且占分比例较大，是应该极为重视的题型之一，英语要想拿高分,对阅读理解题目就一定不能忽 视。1.抓住文章的首段与末段及段落的首句和末句文章的首段与末段，段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的

2、中心思想，其它段落及句子只起补充，说明，解释或引申的作用.因此，首先要搜索目标,找出文章及段落中的主题句.了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息,从而获得解决问题的答案.2.进行合理推断对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后，就要按照文章内容，上下文的逻辑关系,作出推理判断.阅读理解涉及词汇，语法，句型，段落结构,文化背景等各方面知识.答题时,要领会句子之间的逻辑关系，特别是相邻句子之间的关系,这样有利于理解全文.表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词，副词，代词，介词短语,关系词，插入语等，通读时应特别注意.如:if,because,though,as,which,it,3.用常识解题

3、，熟记常用的缩略词语.多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解.如果对文章的相关背景有所了解,读起文章一定既省时又省力.因此，在学习过程中，了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的.（A）In the world,soccer of football is the most popular sport.Thisis because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup.The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFAWorld Cup,children from di

4、fferent countries and more than 60children from Japanese schools came together and spent threeweekends drawing a big picture called“Dream（梦幺J）WorldCupsin Japan.The children drew animals,flowers and peopleplaying soccer under a bule bright sky.They wished each footballteam good luck by drawing the fl

5、ags（旗帜）of all the countries thatwill take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.Thepicture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama.Somefootball teams will have games there.Are you a football fan（迷）？The World Cup makeds moreand more people interested in football.Teenagers（青少年）like

6、playing and watching football.Many of them love some footballstars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players onthe walls of their rooms.That is the way to show their love for theWorld Cup as children in Japan.l.I f a country wants to take part in the World Cup,she musth a v e.A.M

7、any football fans B.a very good team C.manyfootball player D.a big playground2.The next World Cup will be held in.A.2006 B.2007 C.2005 D.20043.From the passage,in the picture children drew many thingse x c e p t.A.people playing footballB.pictures of some football stars C.a sunny sky D.flowers4.In u

8、 Dream World Cup v,the children drew the flags of somecountries.A.to show their love for their owe countryB.to tell the people their storiesC.to show their good wishes for the football teamsD.to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football starsb e c a u s e.

9、A.they are interested in footballB.they are football fansC.they think their favourite players are greatD.all of A,B and C（B）In 1826,a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for hisbusiness.But he was not a good artis.So he invented a very simplecamera（照相机）.He put it in a window of his house and took

10、 apicture of his garden.That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography（摄影术）was in 1837.That yeat,Daguere,another Frenchman,took apicture of his reading room.He used a new kind of camera in adifferentway.In his picture you couild see exerything very clearly,even the sm

11、allest thing.This kind of photo was called aDaguerreotype.Soon,other people began to use Daguerre s way.Travellersbrought back wondeful photos from all around the world.Peopletook picture of famous buildings,cities and mountains.In 1840,photography was developed.Then photographers could take picture

12、of people and moving things.That was not simple.Thephotographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.But thisdid not stop them,for example,some in the United Ststes worked sohard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers.Hetook many picture of gread people.The picture were unusual b

13、eausethey were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）.Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the19th century.Some photos were nor just cooies of the real world.They showed feelings,like other kinds of art.6.The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte ofA.his business B.his house C.his garden D.his

14、 window7.The Daguerrotype was.A.a Frenchman B.a kind of picture C.a kind of cameraD.a photographer8.If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving thingsin the year of 184 Oj,he had to.A.watch lots of films B.buy an expensive camera C.stopin most citiesD.take many films and somethingelse with h

15、im.9.Mathew Brady.A.was very lifelike B.was famous for his unusual picturesC.was quite strong D.took many pictures of movingpeoplelO.This passage tells us.A.how photography was developed B.how to show yourideas and feelings in pictures C.how to take pictures inthe worldD.how to use different cameras

16、（C）Americans with small families own a small car or a large one.If both parents are working,they usually have two cars.When thefamily is large,one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van（住房汽A small car can hold（容纳）four persons and a large car canhold six persons but it is very crowded（拥挤）.A van

17、hold sevenpersons easily,so a family three children could ask theirgrandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year.Thismade them sell a second car and bus a van.Their children sixth andseventh seat are used to put other things,f

18、or a family of five mustcarry many suitcases（衣箱）when they travel.When they arrive attheir grandparentshome,the suitcases are brought into the twoseats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motorhomes.A motor home is always used for holidays.When a family aretraveling to the mountains o

19、r to the seaside,they can live in theirmotor home for a few days or to the seaside,they can live in theirmotor home for a few days or weeks.All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life whenthey are traveling together.That is why motor homes have becomevery popular.In America there are ma

20、ny parks for motor homes.11.From the passage,a van is also cal l ed.A.a motor car B.a motor home C.a motorbikeD.a big truck12.Before Mr.Hagen and his wife bought a van,t hey.A.sold their old house B.moved to theirgrandparentshouseC.built a new place for a van D.sold their second car13.A motor home i

21、s usually owned by a family wi t h.A.a baby B.much money C.more than two childrenD.interest in vans14.Americans usually use motor homer.A.to travel with all the family members of holidayB.to do some shopping with all the family membersC.to visit their grandparents at weekendsD.to drive their childre

22、n to school every day15.Motor homes have become popular be c a us e.A.they can take people to another city when people are freeB.they can let families have a happier life when they go outfor their holidaysC.some people think motor homes are cheapD.big families can put more things in motor homesA lad

23、y who never gave upShe was a poor girl who worked to get money to pay for herlessons.She became the famous woman scientist of her time.Thatsthe story of Marie Curies life.She didnt mind working and shedidnt care about the honors（荣誉）that were given to her in lateryears.Marie was born in 1867.Her name

24、 was Marie Sklosovska then.She live in Poland.Her father was a teacher.Everyone soon saw thatMarie had a quick mind.Maries mother died when her youngest daughter was only ten.From then on,Marie knew that she would have to work hard at herlessons if she wanted to be successful（成功的）in her life.Shestud

25、ied very hard and was one of the best students at her school.Marie and her older sister,Bronya,wanted to study in Franceat the Sorbonne.But their father didnt have enough money to sendthem there.It was Marie who had an idea:she would teach at homeand send her money to Bronya.After her sister finishe

26、d studying inParis,she would get work and send Marie the money to study thereherself.So Marie worked very hard for six years to pay for hersisters studies.At last it was Maries turn but when she got toFrance,her sister was married and could not give her much help.Again Marie worked.She studied in a

27、small room without heator light.She lived on bread and tea most of the time.But all shethought of was her maths and science.This was her world.After four years hard work,Marie and her husband foundsomething which was called radium（镭）.They were given the NobelPrize（诺贝尔奖）for their great discovery（发现）.

28、But they were tooill to go Stockholm themselves to receive it.Marie always said that it was because if her children that shewant her work.And she discovered a hidden power and gave it tothe world.It was the same power,however,that killed Marie in1934.1.Marie Sklodovska was born in.A.France B.Poland

29、C.Stockholm2.Marie did not go to Paris with her sister b e c a u s e.A.she did not want toB.she always thought of her maths and science first.C.She had to earn money to pay for her sisters study.3.She received her higher education（教育）at.A.Poland B.Stockholm C.the Stockholm4.In Paris Marie had to liv

30、e on bread and tea b e c a u s e.A.she had no timeB.she had to support her sisterC.her sister could not give her much help5.The greatness（伟大）of Maries life in the fact t hat.A.she received two Nobel PrizesB.she was the first woman to work at the SorbonneC.she worked hard without taking care of the f

31、ame andhonors she receivedKey:(A)BA BC D(B)C B D B A(C)BD C A B(D)B C B C C (E)现在完成进行时含“进行时”与“完成时”双重意义。一、结构形式现在完成进行时由 助动词have(has)+been+动词的现在分词”构成。二、基本用法1.表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到说话时还在进行、而且可能还要持续下去的动作。它通常和“for+一时间段”或“since+一时间点，这样的时间状语连用。例如：I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.我一直在等我父母的来信。It has

32、been raining for three hours.雨一直下 了三个小时 了。We have been studying here since 2004.自从 2004 年以来，我们就一直在这里学习。2.表示从过去某时间开始,一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束的动作。例如：She has been sweeping the street all day.She is too tired.她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。We have been waiting for you for two hours.We dont want towait any longer.我们已经等你两个小时了，不想

33、再等了。三、常用句式1.肯定句:主语+have(has)been+现 在 分 词+其他。例如：I have been sitting here all the afternoon.我在这)L坐 了 一下午。He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was tenyears old.从十岁起他就一直在收集各式各样的邮票。2.否定句:主语+have(has)not been+现 在 分 词+其他。例如：They havent been meeting each other for five years.他们有五年没有见面了。He has

34、nt been teaching here these years.这些年他并没有,直在这儿教书。3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主 语+been+现在分词？其肯定回答是:Y es,主 语+have(has).否定回答是N o,主 语+havent(hasnt).例如：一Have you been preparing for the English test today?俏 今天一直在准备英语考试吗？Yes,I have./No.I havent.是的。/不，我没有。Has Daniel been skating for two years?丹尼尔滑冰已经有两年了吗？Yes,he has./

35、No,he hasnt.是的。/不，没有两年。4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?例如：What book have you been reading recently?最近你在看什么书？How has your uncle been getting on with his work?你叔叔的工作进展得怎么样？注意:如果特殊疑问词在句中作主语或修饰主语时，句中的主语和谓语应按自然语序排歹U。例如:Who has been teaching you English since you came to thisschool?从你到这所学校来，谁一直在教你们英语？I.单项选择1.How long

36、 have you been here?A.stood B.to stand C.standing D.stands2.Mr Green has been a novel since he finished school.A.wrote B.writing C.written D.writes3.Hi,David!Are you tired?一Yes,I am tired.I the classrooms for three hours.A.am cleaning B.was cleaningC.have been cleaning D.had cleaned4.Where have you

37、been?We you everywhere.A.have been looking for B.has looked forC.had looked for D.has been looking for5.It for nearly a week.Will it last any longer?一No,its reported that well have a fine weekend.A.have rained B.has been rainingC.rains D.rainedI I.句型转换按照括号内的要求改写下列句子。每空填一词o1.He has been watching the

38、interesting play for two hours.（改为否定句）He watching the interesting play for two hours.2.1 have been learning English for two years.（改为 一般疑问句并作否定回答）you learning English for two years?-No,I.3.Tom has been collecting stamps for five years.（对划线部分提问）has Tom been for five years?4.The boy has been listening

39、 to the music videos since he wasseven years old.（对划线部分提问）has the boy been listening to the music videos?5.She has been working in the factory for six years.（对 戈 U 线部分提问）she been working for six years?Key:I P5 CBCABII 1.hasnt,been2.Have,been,havent?.What,doing4.How,long5.Where,has现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别最近和

40、一个朋友喝咖啡，我们聊到了英语语言的学习问题。我告诉她，对中国学生来说，学英语最大的难点就是复杂的时态变化。英语时态变来变去，搞得我们晕头转向。她则无辜地笑道:“Tensewould make me tense if I were a Chinese student.v（我要是中 国学生，时态一定也会让我疯掉的。）产生这种难题的原因很简单，就是因为两种语言思维表达重大差异造成的。汉语是不太重视时间表达的，对于中国学生来说，3时4态的英语精确时间表达很难进入我们的思维。思维里既然没有时间概念，所以在用英语表达时，我们不是结结巴巴老在琢磨该用什么时态，就是撇开时态不顾，一律用一般现在时。其实，对

41、于“老外”来说，时态已融入他们的思维，他们不需要知 道 像“现在完成时”、“现在完成进行时”等这样的语法术语，而是能够潜意识地知道用什么样的动词时态形式来表示什么样的时间概念。比如，我当时就问我的这位朋友，我可不可以这样说：(1)I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.今天下午我一直喝了五杯咖啡。她给我的回答是“N ow ay(不可能这样讲)。我问她为什么，她则很茫然地摇摇头说“Idem，tknow.”这个问题其实涉及到现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题。要想很好地区分have done和have been d oin

42、g,我们需要从两个方面来讨论：一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别；二、要结合动词的不同延续特点。首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别，两者根本区别是：完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasison duration),完成时强调动作的结果或成就(emphasis onachievement)。具体来讲，现在完成进行时have been doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身。现在完成时have done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就，而不是动作本身。二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到：(2)a.My hands are very dirty.I

43、,ve been painting the house.b.I have painted the house green.The house was white,but now itsgreen.思维分析:句a中have been painting表示painting动作一直在持续，活动还没有结束，所以才有my hands are very dirty这样的现状。句a意思 是“我的手很脏，我现在一直在给房间刷漆”。句匕中have painted表示painted动作已经结束，而且动作导致的结果是 the house was white,but now itJ sgreen 房间现在是绿色的了。

44、(3)a.Ive been cleaning the house but I still havent finished.b.Fve cleaned the house,but I still havent finished.。)思维分析：为什么这里句a是正确的，而句b是错误的呢？理由很简单，句a用完成进行时have been cleaning就表明动作一直在持续，还没有结束，意 思 是“我一直在打扫房间，还没有扫完”。句b是错误的，因为它前面句子用了完成时态have cleaned就应该表示动作cleaned已经结束，即“我把房间已经打扫完了”，而后面接了一个 I still haven t

45、 finished,显然前后矛盾。根据上面讨论的这两种时态本身意义的差别，我们就可以回答上面第一个问题，即我们为什么不能说上面句：I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(x)前面说过，完成进行时强调动作持续的过程，而完成时则强调动作的结果或成就。既然强调动作的持续性，因此完成进行时是表示一种看起来是不间断的动作。如果涉及到做一件事的次数或一共做了多少件事情，这时都相当于把动作分割为一次一次的间断动作了，所以不能用现在完成进行时。从另一方面来说，既然讲到动作的次数或是一共做了几件事情，这两种情况都是在强调动作的结果或成就(

46、emphasis on achievement)，而不是动作本身过程(emphasis on duration),所以只能用现在完成时have done。因此,我们可以得出这样的结论：完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情。这时，我们要用完成时态。这就解释了为什么在老外思维里没有：I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.。)这样的句子，而一定会这么说：(4)I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.因为这里说出了具体的五杯咖啡。(F)小学英语语法大全第一章

47、名 词一、比义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类%词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：john is a studentstudent是普通名词，john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词th e或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词一一

48、可以数的名词不可数名词一一数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a（an）连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a（an）连用，没有复数形式many+可数名词宜数much/a little+不可数名词some,any,a lot of（lots of）两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量 词+of+名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用

49、how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1）some,much,a little,a lot of,a bit of,plenty of 用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以且不可数名词连用的有：plenty of,some,a lot of Jots of,most of 等。如 there is much water in the bottle.瓶中有很多水。ill tell you much good news.我要告诉彳尔牌5好消息。we should collect some useful information 我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2）用单位更表示。

50、用a.o f表示。如 a cup of（一杯）,a bottle of（一瓶 ）a piece of（一张 ）,a pair of shoes（一双鞋）如 two cups of tea（两杯茶）five pieces of paper（五张纸）注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。如 two hundred students（200 名学生）ten thousand trees（10000 棵树）测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓至了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或f