2019年九年级英语语法课程名词教案.pdf

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1、20192019 年九年级英语语法课程年九年级英语语法课程名词名词一、课程介绍一、课程介绍知识点知识点：可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 名词所有格名词所有格教学重点：教学重点：可数名词变复数可数名词变复数 名词所有格名词所有格 不可数名词的常考词不可数名词的常考词教学难点：教学难点：名词的句法功能名词的句法功能 名词在题型上的应用名词在题型上的应用二、知识精要二、知识精要1 1、可数名词、可数名词可数名词的复数规则变化可数名词的复数规则变化通常在名词末尾加-s。如:doctors,chairs,bags,Americans.名词词尾是 s,x,ch 或 sh 的加-es,如：dress

2、es,boxes,watches,brushes名词词尾是 f 或 fe 的，多数将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加-es,如：wolves,knives名词词尾是辅音字母+y 的，变 y 为 i 再加-es,如:families，desks，maps;名词词尾是 o 的，一般加-es.如：tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes。但有些外来词、简词只加-s。如：radios,photos,zoos.可数名词的复数不规则变化可数名词的复数不规则变化元音或词尾发生变化。如：man men；woman women；Frenchman Frenchmen；tooth teeth；fo

3、ot feet；child children单复数形式相同。如：sheep sheep；fish(鱼的条数)fish；Chinese(中国人)Chinese；Japanese(日本人)Japanese；deer(鹿)deer形式为单数，意思为复数。第 1 页如：people，police视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family，class，team，group形式为复数，意思为单数。如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。只用复数形式 pants，shorts，clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。由 man，woman 构成

4、的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman 都变成复数。如：man driver men drivers，woman teacher women teachers但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana tree banana trees；a shoe factory shoe factories2 2、不可数名词、不可数名词不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a量词(可数名词)of不可数名词”短语，变复数时把 a 变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water 一碗水；two

5、cups of tea 两杯茶外研版初中阶段常见的不可数名词归类外研版初中阶段常见的不可数名词归类：1）按气体、液体和固体分类：water 水，tea 茶，milk 牛奶，orange 橙汁，juice 果汁，salad色拉，ham 火腿，oil 石油，coal 煤2）表示太小而不易数的物质：corn 谷物，玉米，sand 沙，沙子，wool 羊毛3）抽象名词：advice 建议，height 高度，身高，connection 电话连接，计算机网络连接，amount 量，数量 period 阶段，时期，relationship 关系，riding 骑马(运动)，sky 天，天空，degree

6、课程，学位，will 意志，决心，victory 成功，胜利，business 工作，electricity 电，energy 能量，schoolwork 学生课业，功课，knowledge 知识，学识，truth 事实，真相，sense 道理，意义，合理性，pride 自豪感，骄傲，courage 勇气，胆量，development 发展，spirit 精灵，神灵，精神，recycling 回收利用，technology 科技，技术，weather 天气，fun 乐趣3 3、名词所有格、名词所有格有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“s”这种形式来表示。如：Its my mothers

7、handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。以 s 或 es 结尾的名词末尾只加“”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“s”构成所有格。如：Its only twenty minutes walk.这只是步行 20 分钟的路程。Who won the girls 100meter race？谁赢了女子 100 米赛跑？不以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“s”。如：Wheres the Peoples Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？Its the policemens bedroom.这是警察宿舍。表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列

8、名词的后一个名词词尾加“s”。若表第 2 页示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“s”。试比较：Lily and Lucys father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。Lilys and Lucys fathers are both workers.莉莉的父亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctors(医生诊所)，Mr.Whites(怀特先生家)，the booksellers(书店)。of 所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：a map of China 一幅中国地图既表示所属关系又表示数量

9、时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncles，a photo of Jims family等。4 4、名词词义辨析、名词词义辨析名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。三、要点讲练三、要点讲练【要点【要点 1 1】可数名词变复数】可数名词变复数【例题例题】Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in American _.Asymbol；cultureBsymbol；cu

10、lturesCsymbols；cultureDsymbols；cultures【解析】【解析】本题考查名词单复数。句意为：米老鼠是美国文化中最出名的标志之一。“One of形容词最高级可数名词复数”意为“最之一”。由此可知，第一空应该用复数，指“最出名的标志之一”。第二空指“美国文化”，应该用单数。故选C。【答案】【答案】C【即学即用即学即用】1 1、写出下列名词的复数形式、写出下列名词的复数形式 family _ tomato _ tooth _ sheep _ boy _ leaf _ bus _ peach _【答案】【答案】1.families2.tomatoes3.teeth4.sh

11、eep5.boys6.leaves7.buses8.peaches第 3 页2 2、用方框内所给词的适当形式填空、用方框内所给词的适当形式填空As we know,there are some _(difference)between American English and BritishEnglish.Jackie Chan was one of the most famous _(actor)in the world.Can I help you,sir?Yes,Id like five _(tomato)and some pears.【答案】【答案】differencesactorst

12、omatoes【要点【要点 2 2】不可数名词】不可数名词【例题】【例题】If you have any problems,you can ask your parents to give you _.A.two pieces of advices B.an advice C.some advice D.some advices【解析】【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以让你的父母给你一些建议。advice表示“建议”为不可数名词，后不能加s，前也不能加冠词 aan。【答案】【答案】C【即学即用】【即学即用】Reading comics is _.Yes,every stud

13、ent in my class loves it very much.A.a great funB.great funC.a lot funD.a lot of funs【答案】【答案】B【要点【要点 3 3】名词所有格名词所有格【例题例题】How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.AhoursBhoursChoursDhour【解析】【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意“你家离学校多远？”“步行大约两_。”两个小时的路程应用名词所有格，两个小时是 two hours 为一个整体，其名词所有格应在 s后加“”。【答案】【答案】C【

14、即学即用】【即学即用】1、选择正确的选项_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone on business.AJack and MikesBJacks and MikesCJack and MikeDJacks and Mike【解析】【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：_的爸爸不能去开班会，因为他们已经去出差了。名词所有格如果表示两个人共同的父亲时只在最后一个人名上用所有格形式；如第 4 页果表示各自的父亲，那么每一个人名都要用所有格形式。由于 fathers 用了复数，所以此处指杰克和麦克各自的父亲。【答案】【

15、答案】B B2、翻译下列句子_(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.These are _(我妹妹们的语文书)We are very happy on _(儿童节)._(王平和王明的父亲)is a hotel manager.They are _(Peter和 Sam 的老师).【答案】【答案】Limings parents work in a big hospital.These are my little sisters Chinese books.We are very happy on Childrens Day.Wang Ping and WangMings f

16、ather is a hotel manager.They are Peters and Sams teachers.【要点【要点 4 4】名词词义辨析】名词词义辨析【例题】【例题】In 2019，Liu Xiangs _A_ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.AabilityBtradeCelectricityDmemory【解析】【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。ability 意为“能力”；trade 意为“贸易”；electricity 意为“电”；memory 意为“记忆”。句意为：2019 年，刘翔的跨栏赛跑能力引起了孙海平的注意。【答案】【

17、答案】A【即学即用】【即学即用】1.Bob has got good exam results.His parents are proud of his_A.successBchanceCideaDdream【解析】【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。success 意为“成功”；chance 意为“机会”；idea 意为“想法”；dream 意为“梦想”。由“Bob has got good exam results.”可知，Bob 在考试中取得了好成绩，他的父母为他的成功而感到骄傲。【答案】【答案】A2.Annie has a_，and she is going to see her denti

18、st today.第 5 页AcoldBfeverCcoughDtoothache【解析】【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。cold 意为“感冒”；fever 意为“发烧”；cough 意为“咳嗽”；toothache 意为“牙疼”。由“she is going to see her dentist”可知，看牙医是患了牙疼。【答案】【答案】D【链接中考】【链接中考】Cambridge is famous for its_.Many famous people studied there.A.universityB.hospitalC.bankD.museum【解析】【解析】考查名词词义辨析 uni

19、versity 大学；hospital 医院；bank 银行；museum 博物馆，根据句意可知。【答案】【答案】A A It might be cool in the evening.You d better take a(n)_.AumbrellaBsweaterCwalletDcamera【解析】【解析】考查名词词义辨析 umbrella 雨伞；sweater 毛衣；wallet 钱包；camera 相机，根据句意可知。【答案】【答案】A ALaughter is the best_(medicine).Its good for your health.【解析】【解析】考查不可数名词。m

20、edicine 为不可数名词。【答案】【答案】medicine用方框内所给词和短语的适当形式完成下面对话。（每词或短语限用一次）playfriendbehappyget upLingling:Are you planning to join a summer camp,Daming?My52went to one of thoselast year.He said he53at 6 am every day!Daming:Yes,Im not very54about getting up early,but I love sports and often doexercise,so itll

21、be worth it.Lingling:There55a lot of football.Youll like that.Daming:Yes,I56football for many years.I have good football skills,but I hope I can learneven more at the camp!【解析】【解析】本题考查选词且用适当形式填空，本空应填名词且用单数。【答案】【答案】friendfriend第 6 页 Tony is planning a _ this year.He wants to visit Xi an first.Ameetin

22、gBtripCpartyDmatch【解析】【解析】考查名词词义辨析 meeting 会议；trip 旅行；party 聚会；match 比赛，根据句意可知。【答案】【答案】B B There was a new film on yesterday.Many people want to the _.AcinemaBstationCstoreDmuseum【解析】【解析】考查名词词义辨析 cinema 电影院；station 车站；store 商店；museum 博物馆，根据句意可知。【答案】【答案】A ABirds use small sticks and _(leaf)to make a

23、home.【解析】【解析】本题考查选词且用适当形式填空，本空应填名词且用复数形式。【答案】【答案】leavesleaves B.用方框内所给词和短语的适当形式完成下面对话。（每词或短语限用一次）problemwalkgofitexerciseBarbara:I went to school by bus in the past,and I did not feel fit.So last month I decided totake more_52_and started walking to school.I_53_to school for three weeks now.I amgett

24、ing a lot_54_and I feel healthier.The _55_is,all my friends take the bus to schooland I do not have anyone to talk with on the way!What can I do?Mr.Jackson:Walking has helped you get healthier,so why not ask a friend_56_toschool on foot with you?【解析】【解析】本题考查选词且用适当形式填空，exercise 意为锻炼，为不可数名词；problem 意为

25、问题，本题中用原形。【答案】【答案】52、exercise55、problemI want to get some fruit.Is there a_ near here?AstadiumBmarketChotelDpark【解析】【解析】考查名词词义辨析 stadium 体育馆；market 市场；hotel 酒店；park 公园，根据句意可知。【答案】【答案】B B In winter,I like sunny _(weather),and I like snow as well.第 7 页【解析】【解析】本题考查选词且用适当形式填空，weather 意为天气，为不可数名词。【答案】【答案

26、】weatherweather四、基础达标四、基础达标1 1、单选、单选()1.-Please give me awhen you get to Dalian.-All right.I ll tell you everything when I get there.A.newspaperB.ticketC.trainD.ring)2.Our homework today is to write a(n)about the wonders of the world.A.musicB.pictureC.compositionD.exam)3.-Hello!May I speak to Lucy,p

27、lease?-Sorry.Im afraid you have the wrong A.wayB.nameC.numberD.person)4.Could you lend me your?I want to take some photos.A.watchB.radioC.cameraD.telephone)5.-Would you like some？-Yes,please.Im thirsty.A.juiceB.breadC.meatD.beef)6.Today,we have many other to pay besides coins or paper money.A.excuse

28、sB.waysC.chancesD.plans)7.John wants to be a because he wants people to get the news as soon as possible.A.reporterB.musicianC.scientistD.presenter)8.I have been in Dalian for over ten years.Dalian has become my second.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room)9.-What do you think of the-the Moonliglt Sonata by B

29、eethoven?-It sounds really wonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.soundD.poem)10.There is not enoughin the corner for the fridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.land)11.In the future,teachers may not usein class.A.chalkB.computerC.mouseD.keyboard)12.If you dont take more,youll get fat.A.medicineB.sleepC.timeD.exercise)1

30、3.Our teacher often gives us someon how to learn English well.A.knowledgeB.adviceC.informationD.news)14.Mr.Li is a swimming.He teaches the children how to swim.A.fanB.studentC.coachD.visitor)15.Deng Yaping is my hero because she has won four Olympic goldfor China.A.symbolsB.experiments C.recordsD.me

31、dals)16.Id like to go to theto get some money.A.bankB.bookshopC.palaceD.museum)17.I wanted to explain,but he didnt give me any.A.reasonB.chanceC.changeD.choice(第 8 页()18.The teacher said we needed to choose 10for the match.A.playersB.farmersC.workersD.drivers()19.-Would you like to collectwith us in

32、 the park this Saturday?-Yes,Id love to.Lets make it clean.A.grassB.stampsC.treesD.rubbish()20.Ms Wang said,You should write a bookafter you finish reading The ArabianNights.A.shopB.titleC.clubD.review参考答案：1-5 DCCCA6-10 BACBB11-15 ADBCD16-20 ABADD2 2、写出下面括号中英语并用适当形式、写出下面括号中英语并用适当形式 I hear you have t

33、o run for half an hour every day.Right.It is one of the（爱好）in my school.If you eat too much fast food or sweets,youll put on _（重量）.The doctor told me to take the _（药）three times a day.My daughter wants to be a dentist in order to take care ofpeoples _（牙齿）.Could you give me some _(建议)on the coming co

34、ncert?At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the（声音）of the clear runningwater.Wecant understand the Japanese girl because her English _（发音）is poor.Miss Brown has many good traveling _（经历）because she travels a lot.I think that you have made so great _（进步）in math.一 I dont know how to use t

35、he machine.一 It doesnt matter.Here are the _（说明书）.【答案】【答案】hobbies weight medicine teeth advice sound pronunciationexperiences progress instructions3 3、完型填空、完型填空A.选择意思合适的单词填空chancedevelopmentsurprisetruthpopulationThe police have come to find out the about the accident.The Chinese government has made

36、 great contributions to the _of theworlds high speedrailway.Joining English club is a_ to improve your English._ will be the biggest problem in the world.We will have only standing room.He didnt tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a .第 9 页【答案】【答案】truth development chanc

37、e Population surpriseB.阅读下面短文，用合适的名词填空Sometimes you feel busy and worried.You may wonder,“Where does time go?”Here aresome_1_ to help you make use of it and find more free_2_ to enjoy your life.Plan ahead of time.Plan ahead of time.Its necessary for you to make a _3_at the beginning of a week or ada

38、y.Think of what you really need and dont need to do.Spare(勾出)some time to have a short_4_and look back on what youve done.You may have a sense of success.Say no to yourself.Say no to yourself.If you are not excited about attending a social_5_,then dont go.Stayat home.If you plan to go to a _6_but it

39、 is raining heavily,why not stay inside?Its fine tochange your mind and do your shopping another day.Change your pace(Change your pace(节奏节奏).).If you usually go shopping on Saturday,choose a weekday nightto go instead.The stores are less crowded on Wednesday evening than Saturday afternoon.Youcan fe

40、el better if you regard your way home as taking a relaxing _7_after supper.Focus on(Focus on(关注关注)simple pleasures.)simple pleasures.When your days work is done,its time to get yourselfrelaxed.A pleasant bath,a cup of coffee or a gentle song can be enough.Although expensiverelaxation is nice,when you focus on simple_8_,youll get more.【答案】【答案】ideas time plan rest activity supermarket walk pleasures第 10 页