2023届全国新高考英语备考复习易混动词词义辨析.pdf

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1、2023届全国新高考英语备考复习易混动词词义辨析易混动词词义辨析1.accept,receive(1)accept收下，是有意识地 接受。(2)receive不涉及是否同意，单纯指 收至 这一事实。He received a gift from her,but did not accept it.他收到了她的礼物，但没有接受。2.accomplish,achieve,complete,finish(1)accomplish圆满地完成预计要完成的事情，着重经过努力、坚持不懈而达到目的。常用名词搭配：aim task purpose mission object journey voyageThe

2、 explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.探险队员们在5 周内完成了航程。(2)achieve完 成(事 情)；达 成(目 的)；赢 得(名 声)。常用名词搭配 victory success fame purposeI achieved all I hoped to do today.我已经完成今天我想做的事。(3)complete完成，完工“，侧重所完成的结果的完整性。A second child would complete their family.第二个孩子使他们的家更加完美了。(4)finish完成，结束 某项工作时，与 co

3、mplete同义；finish后跟动名词作宾语，往往带有反面的意味，如 用完吃完 等。He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。He finished his meal.他吃完饭了。(不可用 completed)3.announce,declare,state(1)announce指官方或个人公开宣布的，尤指具有新闻性质的事情；其后不接双宾语。They announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper.他们登报宣布了婚期。(2)declare宣布，指国家、政府、团体或个人正式

4、、公开地表明态度，说明事实真相或发布消息、政策等。He declared the story(to be)false.他断言那篇报道是假的。(3)state陈述，声明“，用于正式场合。He states his opinion,他陈述了他的意见。He didnt state whether the article was true.他没明言那篇报道是否真实。4.appear,seem,look(1)appear指外在给人的印象，但有时实际并非如此。He appears to be your friend,but I doubt if he is.他看起来好像是你的朋友，但我不大相信。(2)se

5、em指有一定的判断或证据，因而有接近实际情况的意思。The clock seems to be wrong.这钟似乎走得不准。(3)look指外貌状况给人留下了印象，着重于根据视觉得到的印象。The man looks about fifty.这男人看起来约 50 岁。5.argue,quarrel,discuss(1)argue辩论，争论，强调 说明，论证 和 企图说服 的意思。I dont want to argue about it any more.我不想就这个再进行争论了。(2)quarrel争吵，意为 吵吵闹闹地争论“，当人们争吵时，一般都大声地叫嚷。Im very sorry f

6、or quarrelling with you last night.我很抱歉昨天晚上和你吵架。(2)discuss谈论，讨论，议论 或 商量 的意思。The Toms discussed selling the house.汤姆一家商量过卖房子的事儿。6.require,demand(1)require、命令，要求“，正式用语，常用于被动语态。Well do all that is required of us.需要我们做的我们都会做好。（2）demand、要求，查询”，语气较重，指强烈要求得到某件东西并坚持一定要得到它。She demanded that we（should）give he

7、r an immediate answer.她要求我们立刻给她一个回答。7.attempt,manage,try（1）attempt努力，尝试，企图“，常指一次性的尝试。They attempted to master the technique in four weeks.他们想在4 个星期内掌握这门技术。（2）manage设法做到，指花费精力、设法把某事终于做成功。Without her I couldnt have managed all these things.没有她我不可能做完这些事。（3）try试图，努力，尝试”，指花费精力去做某事，但仍有不成功的可能。He tried to f

8、inish his work in time but failed.他试图按时完成他的工作，但失败了。8.beat,win,strike,defeat（1）beat击败，在竞争、战争、比赛中彻底击败对手。She beat her brother at tennis.她在网球上击败了她的兄弟。（2）win赢得，后接宾语为比赛、战争等。宾语不能是人。win a game/war/battle/bet/race/match/an argument/an election/afine victory（3）strike敲打；划（火柴）；用力打；一次性打击”。He struck a match to sm

9、oke.他划了一根火柴点烟。（4）defeat击败，指在竞技、竞赛中击败对手；也 指（希望、计划等）受挫或失败。Hes sure to defeat his opponent in final.他肯定能在决赛中击败他的对手。9.believe,believe in（1）believe相信，表示相信事物的真实性或人的诚实，后接名词、代词或从句做宾语。(2)believe in信奉，信仰”，表示对某人的信任，对真理、主张、宗教的信仰。I believe him.(=1 believe what he says)我相信他的话。Do you believe in fairies?你认为真有仙女吗？10

10、.destroy,ruin,damage,break(1)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的 破坏、毁坏，程度较深。The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。The forest was destroyed by fire.森林被火烧毁了。(2)ruin指严重的以至于不能修复的 破坏，长期损坏的结果；可用来表示抽象概念。The floods ruined many precious paintings.这次水灾毁坏了彳艮多珍贵的画。Youll ruin your health if you go on l

11、ike this.这样下去你会毁了你的身体的。(3)damage指程度较小的 破坏、损坏，被破坏的物品可以重新修复。The storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。The car was only slightly damaged in the accident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。(4)break破坏、打破、打碎 的意思。Who broke the teapot?谁打破了茶壶？The boy fell from the tree and broke his leg,这男孩从树上跌下来，跌断了腿。11.

12、choose,select,elect,pick(1)choose挑选、选择，有 最终选定 的含义，是最普通的用语飞You can choose a book from these.你可以从这些书中选一本。He chose Miss Lily for his wife.他选择莉莉小姐作为他的妻子。(2)select精选，挑选”，语气比choose正式。We selected some for seeds.我们选了一些做种子。The boy selected the best things from the shop.男孩从店里精选了最好的东西。(3)elect选举，推选“接班人或职位。All

13、the people agreed to elect him our chairman.所有的人都同意推举他为我们的主席。We elected him monitor of our class.我们推举他为我班班长。(4)pick挑选，挑拣“，是仔细挑剔和苛刻地选择，常与out搭配。Will you help me pick strawberries?你帮我摘一下草莓好吗？Will you pick some apples for m e?你可以为我摘几个苹果吗？12.contain,include,involve(1)contain包含，装有，容纳“，着重其中所容纳或装的量，或包含的成分。T

14、he water in the lake contains salt.这个湖的湖水包含盐分。The bowl contains a variety of fruit.碗里装有各种水果。This bottle contains two glasses of beer.这个瓶子装了两杯啤酒的量。(2)include包括，包含“，多指包含部分，即该物是另一物的一部分。The health club includes a gym,swimming pool,and locker room.健身俱乐部包括体操房、游泳池和更衣室。The list included certain foods childr

15、en like to eat.这张菜单包括了一些儿童喜欢吃的食品。(3)involve牵涉，包含”，指必然包含某种结果。I didnt realize putting on a play involved so much work.我那时不了解演一场戏竟要做那么多的工作。Painting the classroom involved moving all the desks and chairs out.要对教室刷油漆就得把所有的桌椅搬出去。13.pay,take,cost,spend,charge,buy(1)pay表示付给人家钱、帐单等，主语是人。sb.pay sb.for sth.sb.

16、pay+钱+for sth.sb.pay sb.+钱+for sth.sb.pay for sth.I paid him for his service.我付了他的服务费了。I paid$10 for the book.我花十美元买的这本书。I paid him$1 000 for the used car.我买他这辆二手车花了一千美元。Let me pay for the broken window.我来赔打破的玻璃窗的费用。(2)take指 花费(时间)”。sb./sth.+takes+时间+t。do sth.It+takes+时间+t。do sth.I took half an hour

17、 to get home yesterday.昨天我回家用 了半个小时。(主语是人)Reading the novel took her the whole day.读这本小说花了她一整天的时间。(主语是某种活动)How long does it take to go there by tra in?坐火车去那里要多少时间？(it作形式主语)(3)cost指 价值为，花费(时间、金钱、劳力)和 使失去(生命、健康)”，主语为事物。sth.cost(sb.)+钱/时间It cost(sb.)+钱/时间sth.cost sb.sth是某人失去某物His house cost him a lot o

18、f money.他的房子花了他很多钱。It costs$1 000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花一千美元。The moments stop cost him his lead.那瞬间的停顿使他失去了领先的位子。(4)spend指 花费(金钱),需要(时间)sb.+spend+时间/钱+(in)doing sth.sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth.He spent his last years(in)teaching and editing earlier writings.他把晚年用于教书和编撰以前的著作。He spent a lot of money

19、on books while in college.他在上大学时花了很多钱买书。(5)charge收费，要价charge sb.+钱charge sb,+(钱)+for sth.charge for sth.They charged advertisers$5,000 a minute.他们向做广告的人每分钟收取5 000美元的巨额广告费。He charged me 100 dollars for this coat.这件外套他要了我 100 美元。Hotels charge for services.旅馆收服务费。(6)buy购买：buy sth.for+钱I bought the computer for$600.我花 600 美元买了这台电脑。He bought it for very little money,他买它只花了一点点钱。【比较】我六元钱买了一本词典。I bought the dictionary for six yuan.The dictionary cost me 6yuan.1 paid six yuan for the dictionary.I spent six yuan on the dictionary.