新视野大学英语2unit6.pdf

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1、Unit 6Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer somequestions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again.Then answer the following questions with yourown experiences.1)What are some of the ways names can make a difference?2)In what w

2、ay can teachers be guilty of name prejudice?3)What does the writer suggest you do if your name does not suit you?As His N ame Is,So Is He!For her first twenty-four years,she，d been known as Debbie 一 a name thatdidn，t suit her good looks and elegant manner.M y name has always mademe think I should be

3、 a cook,“she complained.just don，t feel like aDebbie.One day,while filling out an application form for a publishing job,theyoung woman impulsively substituted her middle name,Lynne,for her firstname Debbie.That was the smartest thing I ever did,she says now.Assoon as I stopped calling myself Debbie,

4、I felt more comfortable withmyself.and other people started to take me more seriously.Two yearsafter her successful job interview,the former waitress is now asuccessful magazine editor.Friends and associates call her Lynne.N aturally,the name change didn，t cause Debbie/Lynne，s professionalachievemen

5、t 一 but it surely helped if only by adding a bit ofself-confidence to her talents.Social scientists say that what you，recalled can affect your life.Throughout history,names have not merelyidentified people but also described them.As his name is,so is he.says the Bible,and Webster，s Dictionary includ

6、es the followingdefinition of name:a word or words expressing some quality consideredcharacteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing,often expressingapproval or disapproval.N ote well approval or disapproval”.For betteror worse,qualities such as friendliness or reserve,plainness or charmmay be

7、suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before theyeven meet you.N ames become attached to specific images,as anyone who,s been called aplain Jane or just an average Joe can show.The latter name particularlybothers me since my name is Joe,which some think makes me more qualifiedto be a b

8、aseball player than,say,an art critic.Yet,despite thisdisadvantage,I did manage to become an art critic for a time.Even so,one prominent magazine consistently refused to print Joe in my by-line,using my first initials,J.S.,instead.I suspect that if I were a morerefined Arthur or Adrian,the name woul

9、d have appeared complete.Of course,names with a positive sense can work for you,even encouragenew acquaintances.A recent survey showed that American men thought Susanto be the most attractive female name,while women believed R ichard andDavid were the most attractive for men.One woman I know turned

10、down ablind date with a man named Harry because he sounded dull”.Severalevenings later,she came up to me at a party,pressing for an introductionto a very impressive man;they，d been exchanging glances all evening.0h,I said.You mean Harry.She was ill at ease.Though most of us would like to think ourse

11、lves free from such prejudicednotions,were all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent.Confess:Wouldn，t you be surprised to meet a carpenter named N igel?A physicistcalled Bertha?A Pope M el?Often,we project name-based stereotypes onpeople,as one woman friend discovered while taking charge of a n

12、ursery-school，s group of four-year olds.There I was,trying to get a littleactive boy named Julian to sit quietly and read a book-and pushing athoughtful creature named R ory to play ball.I had their personalitiesconfused because of their names!/zApparently,such prejudices can affect classroom achiev

13、ement as well.Ina study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University,andJohn M cDavid of Georgia State University,teachers gave consistentlylower grades on essays apparently written by boys named Elmer and Hubertthan they awarded to the same papers when the writer，s names were givenas M

14、 ichael and David.However,teacher prejudice isn，t the only sourceof classroom difference.Dr.Thomas V.Busse and Louisa Seraydarian ofTemple University found those girls with names such as Linda,Diane,Barbara,Carol,and Cindy performed better on objectively graded IQ andachievement tests than did girls

15、 with less appealing names.(A companionstudy showed girls，popularity with their peers was also related to thepopularity of their names-although the connection was less clear forboys.)Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime,rememberthat when they picked it they，d hardly met yo

16、u,and the hopes and dreamsthey valued when they chose it may not match yours.If your name no longerseems to fit you,dont despair;you aren，t stuck with the label.M oviestars regularly change their names,and with some determination,you can,too.Words:752N E W W O R D Seleganta.tasteful in appearance or

17、 manner 优雅的，文雅的，精致的applicationn.1.U,C official request 申请,请求2.U,C act of putting a theory,discovery,etc.to practical use 应用，使用，运用substitutevt.put or use sb./sth.to replace sb./sth.else 代替，替换，代用vi.act or serve as a replacement 代替，代用n.C a person or thing that replaces,acts for or serves as sb.or sth.e

18、lse代理人，代替的人，代用品，代用物naturallyad.1.of course;as might be expected 当然，预料中地2.by nature天性，天生confidencen.1.U feeling of certainty;trust in one，s own ability 信/心,自信2.U trust(in sb.,in sb.J s ability,or in what is said,reported,etc.)信赖，信任，相信self-confidencen.U trust in oneself;trust in one，s own abilities 自信

19、talentn.1.C,U special or great ability 天才，才能2.U people who have(a)talent 有才干的人，人才biblen.1.U(B-)圣经2.C any official book supported by authorities 公认为权威的典籍definitionn.1.C a statement that gives the exact meaning(of words,etc)定义，释义2.U clearness of shape,sound,color,etc.清晰度characteristica.representative特

20、有的，独特的n.C a special quality 特点，特征approvaln.U feeling or showing or saying that one thinks sth.is good orsatisfactory赞成，同意,批准，认可disapprovaln.U feeling that sth.or sb.is bad or wrong,etc.反对,不赞成reserven.1.U the habit of not showing one，s feelings or thoughts 矜持,拘谨2.C,U thing kept for later use留待以后用的东西，

21、储备量vt.1.keep sth.for a particular purpose or time 保留，留出，储备2.order（seats,accommodation,etc.）for use by a particular person ata future time预定或保留（座位、席位），登记specifica.1.detailed and exact 具体的，明确的2.relating to one particular thing,etc.;not general 特有的,特定的lattera.1.being the second of two people,things or

22、groups mentioned before（两者中的）后者的2.near to the end of a period 后面的n.（the）the second of two things or people already mentioned 后者qualifyv.have or give（sb.）the qualities,training,etc.that are suitable ornecessary（for sth.）（使）具有资格，（使）合格criticn.EC a person who describes and judges the quality of sth.,esp

23、.worksof art,music,etc.（文学、艺术、音乐）评论家，批评家prominenta.1.important;well-known重要的；杰出的，显著的，著名的2.sticking out from a surface 突出的,凸起的 by-linen.C a line at the beginning or end of an article in a newspaper,etc.giving the writer，s name（报刊文章首、尾处的）作者署名refinevt.1.make（sb./sth.）more elegant 使文雅，使高尚2.m a k e p u r

24、 e o r i m p r o v e e s p.b y r e m o v i n g u n w a n t e d m a t e r i a l 提炼,精炼a c q u a i n t a n c en.1.C a p e r s o n w h o m o n e k n o w s b u t w h o i s n o t a c l o s e f r i e n d /目识的人2.U (o f t e n s l i g h t)k n o w l e d g e o f s b./s t h.了解a t t r a c t i v ea.v e r y p l e a

25、 s i n g i n a p p e a r a n c e o r s o u n d,o r c a u s i n g i n t e r e s t o r p l e a s u r e动人的，引人入胜的，富有吸引力的i m p r e s s i v ea.h a v i n g a s t r o n g e f f e c t o n s b.使人印象深刻的A s t e r e o t y p ev t.f o r m a f i x e d s e t o f i d e a s t h a t i s g e n e r a l l y d i s a p p r o

26、 v i n g a b o u t t h ec h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a c e r t a i n g r o u p o f p e o p l e o r t h i n g s 对 形成固定看法n.C a n i m a g e,i d e a,c h a r a c t e r,e t c.t h a t h a s b e c o m e f i x e d i n a r o u t i n ef o r m 固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框e x t e n tn.1.t h e d e g r e e s p e c i f i e

27、 d 程度2.E U l e n g t h;a r e a;r a n g e 长度；面积；范围c o n f e s sv.1.a d m i t o f t e n u n w i l l i n g l y 承认2.a d m i t t h a t o n e h a s d o n e s t h.w r o n g,e s p.w h e n w h a t y o u h a v e d o n e i ss e c r e t 坦白，供认c a r p e n t e rn.C a p e r s o n w h o s e j o b i s m a k i n g o r

28、 r e p a i r i n g w o o d e n t h i n g s 木匠，木工p h y s i c i s tn.C a n e x p e r t i n o r s t u d e n t o f p h y s i c s 物理学家，研究物理学的人A p o p en.C (u s u.t h e P-)(天主教)教皇n u r s e r yn.1.C a p l a c e w h e r e c h i l d r e n a r e c a r e d f o r,u s u.w h i l e t h e i r p a r e n t sa r e a t

29、 w o r k,e t c.托儿所2.C a p l a c e w h e r e p l a n t s a n d t r e e s a r e g r o w n 苗圃thoughtfula.1.thinking deeply 深思的，思考的2.showing care for the need of others体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的creaturen.1.C a living being,esp.an animal 生物，动物2.C(often used after an adjective)a person 人awardvt.give esp.as the result

30、of an official decision 授予,给予n.C sth.awarded 奖金，奖品objectivea.not influenced by personal feelings;fair 不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的n.C a thing aimed at or wished for;purpose 目标，目的objectivelyad.in an objective manner 客观地，客观上地 IQn.C,U intelligence quotient,a comparative measure of a person，sintelligence 智商intelli

31、gencen.U(good)ability to learn,reason,and understand 智力，智慧，理解力quotientn.a number which is the result when one number is divided by another 商数，商despairvi.have lost all hope 失望，绝望n.1.U state of having lost all hope 失望，绝望2.C a person who makes other people give up hope 令人感到不可救药的人labeln.1.C a descriptiv

32、e word or words applied to a person,group,etc.(用以形容人、团体等的)称号，外号2.C a piece of paper,cloth,metal,etc.on or beside an object anddescribing its nature,name,owner,etc.标签，签条vt.1.describe sb./sth.把.称为2.put a label or labels on sth.把标签贴在.上，用标签标明determinationn.1.U firmness of objective 决心，坚定，决断力2.U exact fi

33、xing(of sth.);deciding 决定,确定PHR ASES AN D EXPR ESSION Sfill outadd what is necessary to make plete 填写for better or worsewhether the result is good or bad 不管结果好坏convey tomake(ideas,feelings,etc.)known to another person 表达(思想、感 情)；转达attach sth.to sth.connect sth.with sth.使与.相关联even soin spite of that虽

34、然这样，然而，不过turn downrefuse to consider 拒绝，驳回blind datearrangement to meet made between a man and a woman who have not met eachother before(由第三方安排的)男女间初次见面come up tomove towards走近，移近press for sth.make repeated and demanding request for sth.反复请求，紧急请求be ill at easeuncomfortable;embarrassed 不 自在；困窘free fr

35、omnot influenced or damaged by sth.dangerous 不具.的，未受危险伤害的be guilty ofb e to b l a m e f or sth.对.有罪责ta k e c h a rg e ofta k e c on trol of;b e c om e re spon si b l e f or 负责管理；对.负责sti c k wi th sth.k e e p sta yi n g wi th sth.,c a n n ot g e t ri d of sth.坚持；无法摆脱P R O P E R N A M E SD e b b i e戴比

36、L yn n e林恩W e b ste r韦伯斯特J oe乔A d ri a n艾德里安S usa n苏珊H a rry哈里N i g e l奈杰尔B e rth a伯莎P ope M e l梅尔教皇J ul i a n朱利安R ory罗里H e rb e rt H a ra ri赫伯特 哈拉里S a n D i e g o圣迭戈（美国加利福尼亚州西南部港市）J oh n M c D a vi d约翰麦克戴维E l m e r埃尔默H ub e rt休伯特M i c h a e l迈克尔T h om a s V.B usse托马斯V 布塞L oui sa S e ra yd a ri a n路

37、易莎瑟拉里达里安L i n d a琳达D i a n e黛安B a rb a ra芭芭拉C a rol卡罗尔C i n d y辛辿S e c ti on BJ ud g e b y A ppe a ra n c e sA standard criticism of sociological research is that it goes to greatlengths to prove what most people with common sense already know.Withoutexactly taking sides for or against that criticis

38、m,I want to describea sociological exercise that might seem to validate it-except that,for me and a classmate(and maybe for some who read this account),theexperience made a common claim come alive.During spring break from a local college,my friend and I went downtownto shop.First,however,we made our

39、selves virtually unrecognizable toour friends and even to our families.We wore clothing slightlyinappropriate for the weather,clean but not ironed,clearly not thestyles worn by most visitors to the area.We carried plastic bags ofnameless possessions.Both of us were slightly untidy.M y friend wore af

40、aded cotton shirt over a T-shirt and a wrinkled skirt over sweat pants.I wore a wool hat that concealed my hair and an unfashionable coat andglasses with sun shades that clipped on.The aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference thatmade in the way other people responded to us

41、一 whether the appearanceof poverty would invite prejudice on us.We were also prepared to act outsome mildly unusual behavior that might speak of some emotional problems,without appearing seriously disturbed or dangerous.As it turned out,there was no need for dramatics;people turned us off or tuned u

42、s out onthe basis of appearance alone.Our first stop(after parking our cars near the railroad tracks)was inthe bargain store of a local charity,where we politely asked access toa bathroom and were refused.N ext we entered the lobby of a large hotel,where we asked for a coffee shop and a bathroom.The

43、 door man said,“Youmust go to the twentieth floor.We weren，t up to trying our act at anexclusive restaurant,so we wandered around the first floor and left.Fromthere we went to a second-hand shop,where we more or less blended withthe customers,and then on to the upper-scale stores and coffee shopsdur

44、ing the lunch hour.It was prejudice time.Some of the children we encountered stared,pointed,and laughed;adults gave us long,doubting looks.Clerks in storesfollowed our track to watch our every move.In a lunchroom a secondassistant hurried to the side of the cashier,where they took my$2 checkwithout

45、asking for ID;it seemed worth that price to have us out the door.At one doorway a clerk physically blocked the entrance apparently todiscourage our entry.We had money to cover small purchases,and,apart from wearing down-scaleclothing,we did nothing in any of these settings to draw attention tooursel

46、ves;we merely shopped quietly in our accustomed manner.At oneestablishment we did blow our cover when we ordered French rolls with twospecial coffees;that may have been too far out of character for bagl a d i e s”.E l se wh e re we e n c oun te re d ri b b i n g,i m i ta ti n g,l a c k of trust,a n

47、drud e sta re s.S o wh a t d i d we l e a rn?M ostl y wh a t we e xpe c te d,wh a t e ve ryb od y k n ows:pe opl ej ud g e b y a ppe a ra n c e s.J ust l ook i n g poor b ri n g s wi th i t pre j ud i c e,a c c om pa n i e d b y re m ova l of m uc h of th e soc i a l g ra c e m ost of us ta k e f or

48、g ra n te d.L a c k i n g th e c ul tura l l y a c c e pta b l e sym b ol s of b e l on g i n g i n th i sse tti n g,we b e c a m e,to a d e g re e,ob j e c ts,wi th l e ss i n h e re n t d i g n i ty a spe rson s.T h e re wa s,h owe ve r,on e surpri se -m ore a c c ura te l y,a sh oc k.I t b e c a

49、m ec l e a r m ost stron g l y a t th e sh op I m e n ti on e d e a rl i e r,th e on e wh e re a c l e rkc on spi c uousl y posi ti on e d h e rse l f i n th e e n tra n c e on se e i n g us.I h a d j ustn oti c e d th e pl a c e a n d h a d turn e d to m y c om pa n i on,sa yi n g,I ve n e ve r se

50、e nth i s store.L e t，s g o i n S h e l ook e d a t m e wi th a l a rm:Y ou re n ot re a l l yg oi n g th e re,a re you?”I k n e w wh a t sh e m e a n t a n d sh a re d h e r f e e l i n g.T h e pl a c e f e l t out of b oun d sf or us.I n a ve ry f e w h ours,we f oun d ourse l ve s a c c e pti n g