新视野大学英语第四册课文原文加翻译.pdf

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1、1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who,when he captures it,does not know what else todo but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate intheir own destruction.2 Dont quit your day job!is advice frequentl

2、y given by understandably pessimisticfamily members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best,and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.Still,impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fansand praise from peers may sp

3、ur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fames imperial glory is not easily resisted.3 Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing,dancing,painting,orwriting,etc.They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity,and their ride on

4、the expresselevator to the top is a blue Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.Artists cannot remain idle,though.When the performer,painter or writer becomes bored,their work begins to show a lack of continuity in itsappeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention o

5、f the public.After their enthusiasm has dissolved,the publicsimply moves on to the next flavor of the month.Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minutechanges to their style of writing,dancing or singing,run a significant risk of losing the audiences favor.The publicsimply discoun

6、ts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.4 Famous authors stylesaTennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S.Eliotare easilyrecognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet,Renoir,or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock,Fellini,S

7、pielberg,Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou.Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others andgained them fame and fortune.However,they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with otherstyles or forms.5 Fames spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle-a fraud is

8、 quickly exposed,and thepressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself:You must be what the publicthinks you are,not what you really are or could be.The performer,like the politician,must often please his or heraudiences by saying things he or she does not

9、mean or fully believe.6 One drop of fame will likelycontaminate the entire well of a mans soul,and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularlyamazing.You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeededin the fame game.An exa

10、mple,the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde,known for his uncompromising behavior,bothsocial and sexual,to which the public objected,paid heavily for remaining true to himself.The mother of a young manOscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influenc

11、ing her son.Extremely angered by her remarks,he sued the young mans mother,asserting that she had damaged his good name.He should have hired a better attorney,though.The judge did not second Wildes call to have the woman pay fordamaging his name,and instead fined Wilde.He ended up in jail after refu

12、sing to pay,and even worse,was permanentlyexpelled from the wider circle of public favor.When things were at their worst,he found that no one was willing to riskhis or her name in his defense.His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans themost.7 Curiously eno

13、ugh,it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward:freedom!They enjoy the freedomto express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans.Failed artists may findcomfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away o

14、r in knowing thatthey did not sell out.They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated forcontemporary audiences.8 Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure mightalso like to know that failure has motivated some famous people

15、 to work even harder to succeed.Thomas Wolfe,theAmerican novelist,had his first novel Look Homeward,Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published.Beethoven overcame his father,who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician,to become the greatestmusician in the world.And Pestal

16、ozzi,the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century,failed at every job he ever haduntil he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form ofeducation.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade,because he seemed to his teacher to

17、be quitedull.Unfortunately for most people,however,failure is the end of their struggle,not the beginning.9 I sayto those who desperately seek fame and fortune:good luck.But alas,you may find that it was not what you wanted.Thedog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.The person who

18、achieves success often discovers that it does moreharm than good.So instead of trying so hard to achieve success,try to be happy with who you are and what you do.Tryto do work that you can be proud of.Maybe you wont be famous in your own lifetime,but you may create better art.2AHe was bom in a poor

19、area of South London.He wore his mothers old red stockings cut down for ankle socks.Hismother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplins childhood.But only Charlie Chaplincould have created the great comic character of the Tramp*,the little man in rags who gave his crea

20、tor permanent fame.2 Other countriesFrance,Italy,Spain,even Japanhave provided more applause(and profit)where Chaplinis concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a groupof performers to do his comedy act on the stage,where talent sco

21、uts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett,the king ofHollywood comedy films.3 Sad to say,many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thoughtChaplins Tramp a bit,well,crude1.Certainly middle-class audiences did;the working-class audiences were morelikely to clap for a character who revolted against a

22、uthority,using his wicked little cane to trip it up,or aiming the heelof his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.All the same,Chaplins comic beggar didnt seem all that English oreven working-class.English tramps didnt sport tiny moustaches,huge pants or tail coats:European leaders and Ital

23、ianwaiters wore things like that.Then again,the Tramps quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that wasconsidered,well,not quite nice by English audiencesthats how foreigners behaved,wasn*t it?But for over half of hisscreen career,Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nati

24、onality.4Indeed,it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find the right voicefor his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possible:In Modem Times in 1936,the first film in which he was heardas a singing waiter,he made up a nonsense language which s

25、ounded like no known nationality.He later said heimagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman whod come down in the world.But if hed been able to speakwith an educated accent in those early short comedies,its doubtful if he would have achieved world fame.And theEnglish would have been sure

26、to find it odd.No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped tobring about his huge success.5 He was an immensely talented man,determined to a degreeunusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars.His huge fame gave him the freedomand,more importantly,themoneyto be his own master

27、.He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he wentalong.It cant be me.Is that possible?How extraordinary,is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp onthe screen.6 But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didnt have his jokes written into a

28、script in advance;he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.Lifelessobjects especially helped Chaplin make contact with himself as an artist.He turned them into other kinds of objects.Thus,a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a sick p

29、atient undergoing surgery;boots were boiledin his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish(the nails being removed likefish bones).This physical transformation,plus the skill with which he executed it again and again,is surely the secret ofChaplins great

30、comedy.7 He also had a deep need to be lovedand a corresponding fear of beingbetrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimesas in his early marriagesthe collision between themresulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Trampnever

31、loses his faith in the flower girl wholl be waiting to walk into the sunset with him;while the other side of Chaplinmakes Monsieur Verdoux,the French wife killer,into a symbol of hatred for women.8 Its a reliefto know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earli

32、er denied him.In Oona ONeillChaplin,he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them,which hadseemed so threatening,that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 whodgiven notice of their wedding date,he said,

33、And where is the young man?”一Chaplin,then 54,had cautiously waitedoutside.As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems,she was well prepared for the battle thatChaplins life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both-and,later on,she was the center of calm inthe qu

34、arrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.9 Chaplindied on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later,a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the familyburial chamber and held it for money.The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Se

35、nnetts clumsyKeystone Cops would have done,but one cant help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as afitting memorialhis way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many.3AA welfare client is supposed to cheat.Everybody expects it.Faced with sharing a dinne

36、r of raw pet food with the cat,many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars.They tell the government that they aregetting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money.Or,they tell thecaseworker that the landlord raised th

37、e rent by a hundred dollars.2 I have opted to live a life ofcomplete honesty.So instead,I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much Imake!Oh,Im tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation,big magazines are not goingto get involve

38、d in some sticky situation.They keep my records,and that information goes right into the governmentscomputer.Very high-profile.3 As a welfare client Im expected to bow before the caseworker.Deepdown,caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients,and they feel they are en

39、titled tohave clients bow to them as compensation.Im not being bitter.Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberalswith high ideals.But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie,they become like the one I shallcall Suzanne,a detective in shorts.4 Not long after Chri

40、stmas last year,Suzanne came to inspect myapartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall.Whered you get the money for those?”she wanted to know.Friends and family.Well,youd better have a receipt for it,by God.You have to report any donations orgifts.M This was my cue to beg.Instead,I talked b

41、ack.nI got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day.Do I have to report that?n Well,Tm sorry,but I dont make the rules,Mr.Callahan.1 9 Suzannetries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair,which is always breaking down because welfare wonT spend moneymaintaining it properly.You know

42、,Mr.Callahan,Ive heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair thanaverage.10 Of course I do.Im an active worker,not a vegetable.I live near downtown,so Ican get around in a wheelchair.I wonder what shed think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.11 Government cuts in welf

43、are have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people,not just me.Butpeople with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way:The government stopped taking care of our chairs.Eachtime mine broke down,lost a screw,needed a new roller bearing,the brake wouldn*t work,etc.,and I called Suz

44、anne,Ihad to endure a little lecture.Finally,shed say,HWell,if I can find time today,1 1 1 1 call the medical worker.112 She was supposed to notify the medical worker,who would certify that there was a problem.Then themedical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid.Then

45、 the medical worker alerted themain welfare office at the state capital.They considered the matter fbr days while I lay in bed,unable to move.Finally,ifI was lucky,they called back and approved the repair.13 When welfare learned I was making moneyon my cartoons,Suzanne started visiting every fortnig

46、ht instead of every two months.She looked into every corner insearch of unreported appliances,or maids,or a roast pig in the oven,or a new helicopter parked out back.She neverfound anything,but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit,accounting for every penny.14

47、There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare.I am an independentbusinessman,slowly building up my market.Its impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousanddollars a month.But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through

48、 an embarrassingsituation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.15 There needs to be a lawyer who canact as a champion for the rights of welfare clients,because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfaregivers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in

49、 my apartment the other day because the chemistsaid I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies.I was,indeed:The hole that has been surgically cut todrain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.16 While she wastaking notes,my phone rang and Suzanne answe

50、red it.The caller was a state senatoi;which scared Suzanne a little.Would I sit on the governors committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who,like me,could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so,one step at a time?17 Hell,yes,I would!Somed