职称英语-职称英语卫生类b级模拟21.pdf

《职称英语-职称英语卫生类b级模拟21.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语-职称英语卫生类b级模拟21.pdf（13页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、职称英语卫生类B级模拟21第1部分：词汇选项5、工、Helooked dismayed when he h e a rd th e new s.A.p a leB.h u r tf u lC.d o u b tfu lD.d is a p p o in te d2、I fs beyond mortal pow er to b rin g a dead man back to l i f eA.humanB.s p i r i t u a lC.m a te ria lD.e le c tr o n ic3、A llp ro p o s a ls a relik e ly to be rejec

2、ted.A.a c c e p te dB.re fu s e dC.n e g le c te dD.b e lie v e d4、Thes i s t e r s c a n11 tolerate each o th e r.A.h a teB,b e a rC.lik eD.c r i t i c i z eJ a n e1 s unusual b e h a v io r p u z z le d h e r p a r e n ts.A.abnorm alC.re p e a te dB.fr ig h te n in gD.funny6、He had to consider th

3、e o f f e r.Anyway,heA.s e t upC.c o n s tru c thad to r e a r h is w hole fa m ily.B.D.re b u ildr a is e7、He was evidently h o ld in g lig h t o n to h im se lf ab o u t so m eth in g.A.r e lu c ta n tly B.o b v io u slyC.seem in g ly D.c o n c lu s iv e ly8、They resembled each o th e r in c o lo

4、r b u t n o tA.w ere s im ila r to B.C.w ere lik e ly D.in s h a p e.d if f e r e n tia te dm o d ified9、You sh o u ld conform to th e u sag e o f s o c ie ty.A.c o n fro n t B.C ad o p t D.a c q u a in tfo llo w10 He inquired w h eth er i t was p o s s ib le to le a v e h is s u itc a s e a t th e

5、ra ilw a ys t a t i o n.A.in s is te d B.su g g e ste dC.ask ed D.c a lle d11 Subteiranean stre am s have c u t th ro u g h lim e sto n e to form m ile s o f p a ssa g e sand cav es such as K entucky*s Mammoth C ave.A.S econdary B.U ndergroundC.U nharnessed D.M in isc u le12 The m in is te r approve

6、d th e b u ild in g p la n s a f t e r he d is c u s s e d w ith o th e rm in is te r s.A.a g re ed B.opposedC.c a n c e le d D.d e lig h te d13 Tom dropped off in fr o n t o f f i r e.A.drop a tC.doze o ffB.drop awayD.ta k e o ff14、Parents should realized that example is better than precept1 1.A.in

7、struction B.educationC.imagination D.morality15 For most allergies,the best treatment is elimination of the bothersomesubstances from the sensitive person*s environment.A.unnatural B.dangerousC.irritating D.surrounding第2部分：阅读判断Souped-up（效力增强了的）enzymes that flush poisons out of cells moreefficiently

8、than their natural counterparts（对应的人或物）could alleviate someof the severe side effects of chemotherapy and so improve the chances of curingcancers.Many anticancer drugs attack tumor cells because they divide more rapidlythan heathy cells.But some vital healthy cells also divide faster thanormal zand

9、these are destroyed as well.The most vital cells caught in the chemicalcross-fire are those made in the bone marrow（骨髓）.Under normal circumstances,these mature into platelets（血小板），which are vital for wound-healing,andwhite blood cells that fight infections.If levels of these cells fall,patientsbecom

10、e dangerously vulnerable to infection and can suffer such severe internalbleeding that treatment has to be stopped.Surviving cancer cells can thenre-grow and reduce the effectiveness of the therapy.Bill Fehl and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Medical Schoolhave engineered an enzyme th

11、at could make bone marrow cells resistant to thecancer drugs,so higher doses can be given and side effects reduced.The ideais to take healthy bone marrow cells f rompatients before they begin chemotherapy,then equip these cells with the genes that make the enzyme drug-resistant.When returned to the

12、patient,the improved bone marrow cells could then withstandheavy doses of the drugs.The natural version of the enzymecalled glutathione Stransferase胱甘肽S转移酶）is produced mainly in the liver and catalyses（催化）the breakdownof compounds that might otherwise damage DNA in cells.GST also neutralizes（中和）the

13、toxic breakdown products of anticancer drugsz which makes it suitablefor protecting bone marrow cells.But natural GST does not work efficientlyenough to avoid being swamped by high doses of drugs.GST catalyses a reaction between potentially toxic compounds andglutathionea peptide（肽）produced in almos

14、t all cells of the body.The GSTmolecule has a cavity,or active site,where the two molecules are broughtclose enough to react.This neutralizes the toxin,which passes into the bloodto be excreted in the patient*s urine.Using machines for synthesizing（结合，使合成）DNA,Fehl and his colleaguesmade thousands of

15、 scrambled versions of the parts of the GST gene that makethe active site of the enzyme.They inserted these scrambled genes intoEscherichia coll.By exposing the bacteria to increasing quantities of theanticancer drug z mechlorethamine（M ）,Fehl screened out the ones most tolerantto the drug.nBy this

16、method,we made enzymes 30 times as efficient as the naturalone,”says Fehl.In other wordsz it took 30 times as much drug to kill thebacteria.Fehl has already exposed mice carrying copies of the doctored gene toknown carcinogens（致癌物）to see how efficient the gene is at mopping up thetoxins.The more eff

17、icient it is,the less damage the toxins do and fewertumors should appear.We anticipate a significant reduction（in the number of cancers）inthe group carrying the gene,says Fehl,who is still analyzing the results.Fehl*s team has applied for a patent covering the techniquez and hopes todevelop treatmen

18、ts with Systemix,a company based in Palo Alto,California.Brian Ketterer,who heads the Cancer Research Campaign1s moleculartoxicology group in London,says Fehl*s work could be important.But he warnsthat the proposed strategy would not protect cells lining the gut fromchemotherapy drugs.16、The passage

19、 mainly discusses about the toxic reaction of anticancer drugs.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17、Dietary intervention may work even after precancerous warning signs haveappeared.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18、Being resistant to the anticancer drugsz bone marrow cells can greatlyreduce the side ef

20、fects.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19、Wheat bran may lower the risk of colon cancer.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20、The enzyme engineered by Fehl1s team is superior to the natural enzymein withstanding Heavy doses of the drugs.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21 Fehl picked up the most tolerant sc

21、rambled gene by using machines.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22、The strategy proposed by Fehl can protect cells in various parts of thebody from chemotherapy drugs.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control,destroy healthytissuez and end

22、anger life.About 100 kinds of cancer attack human beings.The disease is a leading cause of death in many countries.In the United Statesand Canada,only diseases of the heart and blood vessels kill more people.Cancer occurs in most species of animals and in many kinds of plants,as wellas in human bein

23、gs.2.Cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged personsand the elderly.It occurs about equally among people of both sexes.The diseasecan attack any part of the body and may spread to other parts.However,theparts most often affected are the skin,the digestive organs,the lungsz thema

24、le prostate,and the female breasts.3.Scientists do not know exactly why cancer develops.Most expertsagree that people develop cancer mainly through repeated or prolonged contactwithone or more cancer-causing agents,called carcinogens.These agents includethe tars in tobacco smokez a variety of other

25、chemicals,and certain kindsof radiation.In many cases,cancer can be prevented if a known agent is avoidedor eliminated.The elimination of cigarette smoking,for example,would preventmost cases of lung cancer and about a third of all cases of cancer.Scientistsalso believe that some people may inherit

26、a tendency to develop cancer.4.Without proper treatment z most kinds of cancer are fatal.Only adoctor can diagnose cancer.But in many cases,a doctor is consulted onlyafter the disease is far advanced.A person should therefore be alert to anyphysical change that may be a symptom of cancer.Early detec

27、tion greatlyincreases the chances of a cure.5.Cancer shows no symptoms in its beginning stages.But symptoms mayappear before the disease spreads.The American Cancer Society lists sevensuch warning signals.They are：23 Change in bowel or bladder habits；24 Asore that does not heal；25 Unusual bleeding o

28、r discharge；26 Thickening orlump in breast or elsewhere；27 Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing；28Obvious change in wart or mole；29 Nagging cough or hoarseness.A person whohas any of these symptoms longer than two weeks should consult a physicianpromptly.23 A.Cancer indicates seven warning signal

29、s in its beginning stagesB.A cancer is a malignant tumor of the body and may spread to other partsC.It is advised that a doctor be consulted when a person finds any physicalchange that may be a symptom of cancerD.Jeopardizing life is characteristic of cancerE.People develop cancer mainly through rep

30、ealed and prolonged contactwith one or more substances that incite cancer,called carcinogensF.The author advises us to consult a doctor after the disease is far advancedParagraph 2.24、Paragraph 3.25、Paragraph 4.26、Paragraph 5.27、A.the tars in tobacco smoke are carcinogenicB.diseases of the heart and

31、 blood vesselsC.a persistent coughingD.human beingsE.the chances of a cureF.prevent the disease from getting=furtherIn the United States and Canada,cancer ranks as the most fatal disease nextto.28、Cancer occurs in most species of animals,in many kinds of plants andin.29、People should abstain from to

32、bacco smoking because.30 Early detection of cancer increases.第4部分：阅读理解第一篇Coronary heart disease（冠/心病）is a term used to describe conditions likeangina（心绞痛）or heart attack.Many people suffer from heart disease.If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very importantthat you take posit

33、ive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy aspossible.This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achievethis.A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary-heart disease.There are often referred to as risk factors.But some ofthese factors can be c

34、hanged or modified to help improve your condition.Theseinclude：high Mood cholesterol（胆固醇），high blood pressure,smoking,poordietz lack of exercise,high alcohol intake,obesity,diabetes and stress.High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most importantrisk factors,yet only about half of co

35、ronary heart-disease patients havehad their blood cholesterol checked.When blood cholesterol is high,it builds up in the walls of the arteries（bloodvessels）,causing them to narrow.The narrowing can then begin to restrictthe blood flow to the heart.Under these conditions patients will oftenexperience

36、 chest pain or tightness,known as angina.In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heartcan become so severe that it blocks the artery.More usually,however,a partialblockage triggers abloodclot z causing a heart attack,which can cause permanentdamage to part of the heart muscl

37、e.To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls,and so reducethe risk of a heart attack,cholesterol lowering has become an essential partof treatment for people with coronary heart disease.Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefitsfor patients who have angi

38、na or have had a heart attack,such as reducingthe risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival.Your cholesterol should be checked regularly,and modified if necessary,along with all the other factors.This will help to ensure that you minimisethe risk of suffering future heart problem

39、s like another heart attack.It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little,rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others.Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors.Theseinclude stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes yo

40、u smokeza healthier diet and a healthy body weight,regular exercise,and not drinkingmore than the recommended amount of alcohol.A healthier diet should consistof reducing the amount of saturated fat（饱和月旨肪）you eat and balancing thiswith an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consump

41、tion（单链和多链不饱和脂肪）of cereal foods,vegetables and fruit.Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enough to reduce factors likecholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently,and so drugs may be prescribed.These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle.31、Which of the following is NOT a risk f

42、actor?A.smoking B.tea drinkingC.obesity D.stress32、Which is the most important risk factor?A.poor diet B.diabetesC.high blood cholesterol D.beer drinking33、Which of the following directly causes the chest pain or tightness?A.blocking of the coronary arteryB.narrowing of the arteryC.high blood choles

43、terolD.stress34、What should be checked regularly to minimise the risk of suffering futureheart problems?A.hemoglobin B.cholesterolC.blood sugar D.bilirubin35、How can one reduce these risk factors?A.stopping smokingC.healthy dietB.regular exerciseD.all of these弟一 扁Suchmental fatigue can be as threate

44、ning as a heart attack.Recent evidenceindicates that sleepiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidentsHHuman error causes between 60%and 900 of all workplace accidents,dependingon the type of job,observes biological psychologist David Dinges of theUniversity of Pennsylvania.And inade

45、quate sleep is a major factor in humanerror,at least as important as drugs,alcohol and equipment failure.Otherresearch suggests that sleep loss contributes to everything from drug abuseto poor grades in school.A typical adult needs about eight hours of shut-eye a night to functioneffectively.By that

46、 standard,millions of Americans are for a long time sleepdeprived,trying to get by on six hours or even less.In many households,cheating on sleep has become an unconscious and harmful habit.In its mildform,it*s watching Ted Koppel and going to bed late and then getting up earlyto get to the gym,says

47、 Cornell*s Pollak.In extreme cases people stay upmost of the nightz seeing how little sleep will keep them going.They tryto compensate by short sleeping late on weekendsz but that makes up for onlypart of the shortfall.Over the months and years,some researchers believe,the imbalance builds up and th

48、e effects accumulate.Most Americans no longerknow what it feels like to be fully alert,H contends D r.William Dement,director of Stanford University1s Sleep Center.They go through the day ina sort of twilight zone；the eyes may be wide open,but the brain is partlyshut down.Single parent Dianna Bennet

49、t,43,works as a nurse at a correctional facilityin Gardner,Mass.To be able to spend time with her three children duringthe day,she works the night shift,a schedule that usually allows her nomore than four hours of sleep,My kids tell me 11 m always tired,she says.Amy Schwartzman,35z a law student at

50、Tulane University,gets up at 9 a.m.and,what with classes,simulated court and work as a research assistant,often does not get home until 10 p.m.That1 s when she studies or relaxation.Nights of throwing into bed at 3 a.m.make her feel as if my brain isn1tmoving as quickly as quickly as it should.says