新视野大学英语读写教程第一册课文unit9-10.pdf

《新视野大学英语读写教程第一册课文unit9-10.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新视野大学英语读写教程第一册课文unit9-10.pdf（29页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unit 9Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningHaving ideas about a story before you read it is an important reading skill.Please listen to a veryshort piece of recording.Second ListeningNow listen to the recording for the second time and try to the best of your ability to answer thefollowing q

2、uestions.1.How will work quality be determined in this new century?2.What tool brings about major changes in this new century?3.What are the five tasks this tool will do in this new century?Looking to the 21st Century1.Your FutureThe future does not determine itself.The actions of the present determ

3、ine the future.Edward Cornish,editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society,says:The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create thefuture that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond ourcontrol.We

4、 ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do.2.Your BrainYour brainwaves may be checked to see whether you are busy,tired or doing your work properly.Psychologist Arthur F.Kramer tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems.He could predicttheir performance from the

5、strength of the brains electrical activity measured through the head.The future?Bosses could measure brain activity to learn worker quality.Frequent computeranalysis could tell whether workers,like air traffic controllers,are seeing all activity clearlyenough to monitor it properly.3.Your DoctorMore

6、 and more,doctors will use visual information about your condition from computers,instead of textbooks,for diagnosis and treatment.Home computers will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show thealternative results should you act in a certain way.4.Your CarCars will be a

7、lmost entirely controlled by computers.To pay for costs,cars will be billed for using high-speed toll roads.Computers will record thepassage of the car and automatically take the money from the owners computer bank account.Computers will show drivers maps of districts the car is crossing on a small

8、screen in the car.Computers will diagnose any problems with the engine.Computer connections will list thenearest places of repair,tell the cost of new parts and the place where they can be bought.5.The Computer-HomeMore than half of the home computers sold in the United States in recent years will b

9、ecomeessential to home life in the West.Future tasks computers already do at home include:Computers turn on the lights,heating and essential household services before people arrivehome from work.Computers control cooking,hot water,security.Computers enable homework assignments to be done with worldw

10、ide resources,using sites likemuseums and science facilities around the world.Homework help can come equally from thelocal library,or libraries and databases in places as far apart as New York and London,or fromteachers and fellow students around the globe.Many shoppers order groceries at home throu

11、gh Internet suppliers and have purchasesdelivered.6.The WorkplaceThe changing face of work and the workplace is one of the most widespread influences inWestern society.Women now form more than half the workers;the percentage is rising as they start up smallbusinesses of their own,often working from

12、home.People are changing careers on average every ten years now,instead of staying in a job for life.Increases in information and knowledge-based businesses are reducing levels of middlemanagement.Top managers get all the information needed to work together with front-line staff.Specialists are beco

13、ming more important than general workers.7.The EnvironmentProtection of the environment used to be the concern of special groups.Now governments andbusinesses realise bad air and water pollution affect everyone,making it difficult for cities tosurvive and for businesses to make a profit.London,Engla

14、nds biggest city,often suffers from air pollution which causes more than 1,000deaths a year.Especially the very young,the elderly and cigarette smokers are at high risk.Many European countries and the United States check vehicles for gas and smoke emissions tomake sure the levels are below the permi

15、tted output.For example,Germany has 600 sites thatmonitor carbon monoxide.8.Your HealthPhysical fitness and healthy lifestyles have changed from fashion and hobby for a few to officialpolicy for many businesses and governments.Smoking cigarettes is under siege as a habit.Smoking advertising is banne

16、d in many areas.Although pills for tension,heart conditions,weight and other life-threatening conditions areprescribed by Western doctors,most now require patients to develop healthy lifestyles bychanging diets and exercising more to keep well.Words:700NEW WORDSeditorn.a person who prepares(a book,n

17、ewspaper;film,etc.)编辑futuristn.a person who favors futurism 未来主义者publishvt.1.bring out(a book,newspaper,etc.)出版2.make known in general 发布；公布imposevt.1.(on)put(a load,or punishment)on 把.强 力 于2.(on)establish(an additional bill)officially 征(税 等),处 以(罚 款、监禁等)faten.power beyond human control that decides

18、 events 命运volunteern.a person who offers to do sth.志愿者v.offer to do sth.without pay or reward 甘愿arithmeticn.U the science of numbers;the adding,dividing,etc.of numbers 算术a.of or concerning arithmetic 算术的predictvt.say in advance(what will happen)预测performancen.1.action or way of doing sth.表现2.show of

19、 music,a play,etc.表演electricala.concerned with or using electricity 与电有关的；用电的analysisn.examination of sth.;analyzing 分析 diagnosisn.discovery of the nature of a disease 诊断treatmentn.1.the act or way of dealing with a disease 治疗2.dealing with 处理；对待Ainteractvi.1.have an effect on each other 相互作用；相互影响2.

20、exchange information or instructions 互 通 彳 言,息interactivea.1.acting on each other相互作用；互相影响municating（between the user and the machine）（人机之间）可互通信息的alternativea.giving a choice from among more than two things 可选择的n.a serious choice（必须作的）选择tolln.a small sum of money that one has to pay in order to use

21、a particular bridge or road（过路或过桥等的）费用enginen.a machine that turns power into movement 弓 I擎；发动机connection（英 connexion）n.1.joining;uniting 连接2.relations between two things,people,or groups 关系；联系householdn.people living in a house 家庭a.concerned with the management of a house 家庭的securityn.1.protection

22、治安保卫2.state of being secure 安全worldwidea.&ad.in or all over the world 世界范围的siten.1.a station from which one can get information through the Internet 网站2.a place地点；地方museumn.a building where old or important objects from history,science,or the arts are kept and shown博物馆facilityn.1.(pl.)useful things

23、设施2.an advantage or opportunity 便利，容易，方便databasen.a computers organization of information 资料库，数据库globen.1.the Earth 地球2.an object in the shape of a ball,especially one with a map of the Earth painted on it 球状物;地球仪grocern.a shop-keeper who sells dry foods and other things for the home 食品杂货商groceriesn

24、.(pl.)goods(usually foods and other things for the home)sold by a grocer 食品杂货Internetn.the worldwide network of computer connections 因特网purchasen.sth.that one buys 购买的东西vt.b u y购买widespreada.1.occurring in many places or among many people 广泛的2.wide open;fully extended 展开的percentagen.a number stated

25、as if it is part of a whole which is 100 百分率careern.1.a profession 职2.a part of ones life that one spends working 生涯managementn.1.C people who are in charge of a firm,industry,etc,管理人员2.U the act of controlling a business 管理specialistn.a person who has special interest or skills in a limited field o

26、f work or study;master 专家protectionn.1.the act of keeping safe or the state of being kept safe 保护2.sb.or sth.that protects 保护人(物)pollutionn.act of making dangerously impure or unfit for use 污染survivev.1.continue to live,especially after coming close to death 幸免于难2.live longer than 比.活得长profitn.1.mon

27、ey gained 利润2.advantage gained from some action 得益v.gain advantage or learn from 得 益（于）emitvt.send out 排放emissionn.1.sth.that is sent out 排放物2.the act or action of sending out sth.排放permitv.allow 容许n.official paper allowing sth.许可证outputn.the quantity produced 产量carbonn.碳 monoxiden.一氧化物policyn.a set

28、 of ideas or principles that is used as a foundation for making decisions 政策siegen.an act of surrounding a city,etc.,by an army trying to capture it 包围advertisev.1.seek to sell goods or services by giving public notice in newspaper;on television,etc.广告（销售）2.make public;give public notice in newspape

29、r;on television,etc.公布；广告banvt.prevent by law or power;not allow 禁止n.not allowing an act or speech by power 禁止pilln.a small piece of medicine 药片tensionn.1.(a feeling of)nervous anxiety,worry,or pressure 紧张，不安2.the degree or tightness or stiffness of a wire,rope,etc,拉力prescribevt.1.order as a medicin

30、e or treatment 开处方2.state(what must be done)规定dietn.1.food and drink usually taken 日常饮食2.any special combination of food eaten in sickness,or to increase or decrease weight 规定的饮食PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSimpose on(upon)force on;place on 强 力 口 于work on(upon)have(sth.)as the subject of thought or effort

31、努力做.more and morein an increasing quantity or degree 越来越.pay for1.suffer the result of 因.而受苦2.pay some money to acquire sth.付钱购买.bill forgive or send a bill stating how much money one has to pay for goods or services 因.送交某人账单或罚单start upbegin(sth.such as a business);begin working(in a trade,professio

32、n,etc.)开办，开设on averageas the usual rate or estimate 平均at riskin danger 冒险change fromchange（sth.or sb.）from a state to another 由.变来under siegein a state of being surrounded 被包围PROPER NAMESSt.圣.Edward Cornish爱 德 华 科 尼 什（人名）Arthur F.Kramer阿 瑟 费 克 雷 默（人名）New York纽 约（地名）London伦 敦（地名）England英 格 兰（地名）Europ

33、e欧 洲（地名）European欧洲的Germany德 国（地名）Section BTrends for the 21st CenturyWhat problems will our world encounter in the next 1,000 years?Social scientists and economists,farming experts and environmentalists pose this question and examine data,information fromsurveys.In every field,experts examine change

34、s to understand the state of the field.To understand acountrys economy,economists check growth in an industry such as steel.To understand thestate of business,they may look at the number of building permits for new houses.Theinformation learned shows increases or decreases.Important trends emerge in

35、 each field.PopulationPopulation is important to every person on Earth.People tend to live longer in most places.InCentral Europe,however,life span is dropping because health care is not what it was a few yearsago.Factors affecting general health include excessive smoking and drinking of alcohol and

36、polluted water supplies.The population explosion on our planet has been increasing at an alarming rate but thepercentage of increase is decreasing.One out of every five people on Earth is Chinese,yet Chinasgrowth rate has slowed.As the number of women going to school increases,the growth ratedecline

37、s.Food ProductionThe production of grain seems to be decreasing mainly because of climate changes.Naturaldisasters like storms and floods have washed away many crops.With less land for cattle and sheep,less meat like beef and lamb is being produced.Production ofchicken,turkey and fish has increased,

38、however.The amount of ocean fish has not increased,butfish farm production has.Fish farming is very efficient:producing a kilogram of fish utilizes less than 2 kilograms of feed,but it takes 2.2 kilograms of feed to produce 1 kilogram of chicken.One kilogram of beef requires7 kilograms of grain.Peop

39、le,therefore,may eat less red meat in the future and more fish.EnergyUsing fossil fuels for energy has not altered very much but wind energy use is increasingsignificantly.Denmark,Germany,the Netherlands,Britain,and America have large wind powerprojects.China,India,Mexico,New Zealand,and Ukraine are

40、 also developing wind power.Energy from nuclear power plants is steadily increasing but the problem of dangerous wastelimits growth in many regions.Because many electrical companies consider nuclear energy tooexpensive,the trend is toward less dangerous sources of energy.While natural gas use increa

41、ses,use of coal as fuel is decreasing.Natural gas,an outstandingenergy fuel,can be used to heat homes,make electricity,and power cars.EconomicsAs countries around the world trade more with one another,more products are available.But thefast development of world economy will bring about many new prob

42、lems.With fewer trees,thepaper industry is producing more paper from recycled materials but,unfortunately,damages theplanet.The paper-making process uses large amounts of water;burns fossil fuels and producesmuch chemical waste.Automobile production is down;bicycle production is up.Crowded highways,

43、high gasoline costs,and ease of bicycling are three reasons for this change.HealthThree major health trends exist as we begin the new century.Health care is better than ever.Medical research breakthroughs include finding tumors early,and saving lives through CAT scansand surgery.Surviving cancer is

44、a new trend.HIV/AIDS,however;is spreading quickly all over theworld.The third major trend is toward an attitude of indifference.People seem to have forgotten waysto keep diseases under control.Although medical science had achieved control over severaldangerous diseases,some are returning.For instanc

45、e,tuberculosis,once a dangerous killer;wascured.Now the disease is appearing again.NaturePollution continues to affect our forests and water.The bird population is decreasing because ofoil spills and spreading cities.Seas and oceans are changing.Trees are cut down,more soilwashes away,and water qual

46、ity is affected.Many of these trees are in our rain forests wherethick areas of plants and trees,home for many birds and animals,are disappearing.ConclusionOur challenges for this new century are clear.The problems of numerous inhabitants on thissmall planet will continue to be important to each of

47、us.These challenges show that all of usneed to be involved in solving the problems.May we find new ways to accomplish the task.Words:708NEW WORDStrendn.a general direction or course of development 趋势expertn.a specialist 专家a.having much skill熟练的;有经验的posevt.ask 问vi.stand or sit in a particular positio

48、n to be drawn,photographed,etc.摆出姿势（供人画画、拍照等）datan.facts;information 资料；数据surveyn.the act of finding out information about sth.;study 调查vt.look at or consider as a whole 查看；鉴定growthn.1.development;increase 发展；增长2.growing of produce;the fact of being grown(as a crop)种植；长势3.the act or rate of growing

49、and developing 成长decreasen.reducing;becoming less 减少；下降v.reduce,become less 减少；下降tendv.be likely趋向于;可能factorn.influence that helps to produce a result 因素；要素excessivea.too much;too great 过分alcoholn.(very strong)wine(烈性)酒pollutevt.make(air;water,soil,etc.)dangerously impure or unfit for use 污染planetn.

50、a large body in space that moves round a star;especially the sun 行星declinev.1.become worse or le ss降低；变得不如以前2.refuse usually politely;being unwilling(婉言)拒绝n.process of becoming worse or less 降低grainn.1.a seed of rice,wheat,or other such food plants 谷粒2.crops from food plants like rice or wheat 谷物；谷类