新概念3词汇拓展.pdf

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1、Over开始的经典词Overrun Overcharge Overcome Overhear Overlap Overload Overreact OverruleOvertake Overwhelm一组以under开头的经典词汇Undergo 经历 Undercover 秘密从事的 An undercover investigation 一次秘密调查Underhand 偷偷的 Underhand dealings Underdeveloped Underprivileged 贫穷的 Theunderdeveloped western region Undernourished 营养不良的 U

2、nderway 已经开始的Underfunded 得不至U资金支持的 The underfunded public school systemUnderstaffed 人手不足的 Underweight 体重过轻的 The project already well underwayUnderlie成为 的原因 Undermine破坏 Undertake进行Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disordersCriticism just undermine their confidenceUnderlin

3、e/underscore 情调 Undertake an arduous journeyUndercurrent潜流，潜在倾向 Underdog受欺压者 弱者lr开头的一组经典的形容词Irresistible(strong,powerful attractive)不可抗拒的Irresistible smile/offer/aroma of fresh b rea d/a 1 1 u re/u rge/f o rces什 reconcilable differences/conflict不能和解的Irremediable无可救药的，不可补救的Irrecoverable financial los

4、ses 无法挽回的 Irreparable damage 无法挽回的Irreplaceable不能代替的 Irretrievable不能挽救，不可恢复的Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is irreplaceable.I agree things look difficult,but the situation is far from irretrievable.Ever作为持续性状态的一组表达Ever-present 常在的 Ever-green 常青的 Ever-growing 持续增长的Ever-changing

5、不断变化的Ever-expanding不断扩大的 Ever-lasting永远的Ever-diminishing 逐渐减少的 Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪Juvenile词根juven=young表 示 年 轻 Juvenile青少年的，幼稚的Rejuvenate使 返 老 还 童 Rejuvenation返老还童以 en开头经典动词大盘点1,Enact 制定，通过法律 Congress refuses to enact the bill2,Enchant 让人入迷 The audience was clearly enchanted by her performanc

6、e.3,encounter 遭遇 Encounter problems/difficulties/Opposition/resist4,encroach on 侵犯,侵占 My job is starting to encroach on my family life.5,endear 使受钟爱 His tales ware simple and sweet and his characters endearing6,endeavor 努力尽力 Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem7,endorse 赞同，认

7、可 Endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate8,endow 资助,赋予 She was endowed with both good looks and brains.9,enhance 提高，增强 Low lighting and soft music enhanced the atmosphere in the bar.10,enlighten 启迪，开导 Baldwin enlightened her as to the nature of the experiment.11,ensnare 使陷入Benson,who was ensnared in

8、the investment scandal,received a short prison term.12,entice 诱惑 The ads entice young people to smoke.13,entail 承担,伴随 Ididn t want to take on a job what could entail a lot of travelling.14,ensue跟着发生，继起I objected to what he had just said and a heated argument then ensued.15,ensure 确保 The role of the

9、police is to ensure(that)the law is obeyed.16,envision 预见，展望 Envision a bright future.Reaction re前缀大盘点Retreat 后退 treat 拉 Retract 缩回，收回 tract 拉Reverse反 转 的 verse转 Revolt反 叛 volt转 Resent愤恨，不 满 sent感觉Relinquish不采取行动，放弃linqu离开 Repeal p eal呼吁Reproach 责备 proach 接近 Resplendent 辉煌的 splend 辉煌Reassure消除疑虑assu

10、re放心 Reclaim取 回 claim索取Recommend 赞扬 commend 赞扬 Regenerate 改过自新的 genera 产生Reincarnate 转世 earn 肉 Reiterate 重申 iterate 重申 juven 儿童Rejuvenate返老还童 Reverberate起回声，反响verber震动Most：Inmost/innermost最里面的，内心的This was the diary in which Gina recorded her innermost thoughts and secrets.Innermost的构词-most表示最 Nether

11、most最 低 的 nether下面的Headmost最前面的head头 Outmost最 外 面 的 Easternmost最东方的一组以m.开头的表示里面，内部1,inner 内部的，内心的 Sarah seemed to have a profound sense of inner peace.2,in-depth 深入的 In-depth study/research/analysis3,in-born 内在的，与生俱来的 Good taste is inborn and cannot be learned.4,in-coming 将要进来的 Incoming calls 来电5,in

12、door室内的6,inherent 内在的7,inland内陆的8,interior 室内的9,internal 内部的An indoor swimming pool.There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.The largest area of inland water in the south east.The interior walls are all painted white.We have no interest in interfering in the internal affairs of other c

13、ountries.lOJntrinsic 内在的固有的 Intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of sth.一组 带 有-a re 的词汇Flare闪光 闪 耀 Glare炫目的光 Stare盯 Snare陷阱 罗网 Ensnare诱捕They wanted to make a formal complaint about their doctor;but ended up ensnared in thecomplexities of the legal system.Aw are知道的 Be aware o f 知晓Ply 一组型近的词Supply

14、with 提供 Ply with 提供Comply w ith 遵守，服 从 Im ply暗示 Multiply乘 增 加-like的组词Steel lik e 如钢铁般的Childlike幼稚的 Vice lik e 坚 固 的 vice 钳子Dreamlike如梦幻班的 Warlike好战的 Life-like栩栩如生Waiflike苍白消瘦的w aif无家可归的流浪儿A home-like a ir 宾至如归的气氛ruthless 一组表示“无情”的词语1,ruthless 残忍的 The ruthless dictator has shown a ruthless disregard

15、for basic human rights.2,barbarous 粗暴的 His murder was an outrageous and barbarous act.3,callous无情的冷酷的The company shoed callous disregard for the safety of the employees.4,cold-blooded 冷血的 A cold-blooded murder5,cut-throat 凶狠的 Cut-throat competition is keeping price low.6,fiendish 残酷的 A particularly

16、fiendish practical joke.7,remorseless 无情的 Remorseless cruelty/violence8,spiteful 怀恨的，恶意的 Make a spiteful remark about9,belowe the belt 不正当的 If a remark is below the belt it is particularly hurtful and unfair.表示凶狠凶猛的词Vice-vicious Malice-malicious Malignity-malignant Ferocity-ferociousVicious 恶的 亥！|毒的

17、 A vicious murderer/attack/circle/lie/rumor/gossip致命A fatal accident/illness/injury/mistake/error/flaw/blow 致命的A deadly poison/weapon/disease/virus/enemy 致死的A mortal blow/danger/wound/combat/enemy/foe/fear/dead/terror 必死的A lethal weapon/injection/cocktail of drink and pills/dose of heroin 致命的破坏 deva

18、state destroy wreck flatten obliterate ravage reduce trash放纵 With reckless/wild abandon Abandon oneself to alcohol/his emotions/sorrow一组表示屈服的说法1,submit屈 月 艮We protested about the changes for a long time,but in the end we had to submit2,succumb t o 屈 月 艮 于Succumbing to pressure from the chemical indu

19、stry,governor Blakely amended theregulations.3,yield to 屈 月 艮，让步 The hijackers refuse to yield to demands to release the passengers,/surrender to 投降，自首 They would rather die than surrender5,concede 认输 She conceded even before all the votes had been counted.6,conform 使遵守 People who do not conform to

20、traditional standards of behavior.7,observe 遵守，月 艮 从 So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides.Sry/say uncle 认输 9,throw in the towel 承认失败 10,strike the flag.Order次序顺序的常用表达1,in reverse order 逆序 2,in descending/ascending order 降序，升序3,in alphabetical order 按字母顺序 4,in chronological order 按时间顺

21、序5,in numerical order 按数字顺序 6,in order of precedence 按先后顺序7,in order of priority 按优先级排列sewage 一组关于垃圾处理环境保护的表达1,sewage 污水Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage2,Debris 碎片，残骸 She was hit by flying debris from the blast3,refuse 废物 Garden/kitchen refuse Refuse

22、dump 垃圾物4,effluent 废水 Effluent from local factories is finding their way into the river5,fumes（浓烈难闻的）烟 Exhaust fumes 6Jitter（乱丢的）垃圾About 2%of fast-food packaging ends up as litter.7,waste 废物 Britain products 20 million tons of household waste each year8,pollutant 污染物质 Air/environmental/water polluta

23、ntsRemission散发到空气中的物质Britain has agreed to cut emission of nitrogen 氮 oxide form power stations.10,deforestation 森林采伐 Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.ll,overpopulation 人 口 过剩 Efforts to reduce overpopulation12,leakage 泄露 The leakage was traced to an oil pope in the ce

24、llar.13,biodegradable可生物降解的Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into theatmosphere.14,conservation 保护 Wildlife conservation/nature conservation.15,disposable 一次性的 Disposable diapers.16,eco-friendly 利于生态环境的 Eco-friendly products（green）17,renewable 可更新的 The p

25、roblem with fossil fuels is thatThey are not renewable.18,sustainable development 可持续发展sanitation-组 与“健康”“卫生”的表达1,sanitation（社会）卫生系统Sanitation is the system for taking dirty water and other wasted products away from buildingsin order to protect people9 s health.2,heath 健康 To be in good/poor health 3

26、,constitution 体质（have）a strong/good/weak constitution 4,hygiene（个人）卫生Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast.5,shape外形，身材He bought up businesses that were in bad/poor shape,and then sold them off bit by bit.Welfare健康，幸福These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and

27、 welfare of immigrantsWell-being康乐,安宁People doing yoga benefit form an increased feeling of well-being.contamination 一组表示“污染”的表达1,contaminate 污染 contaminationHumans can not catch foot and mouth disease but they can become contaminated by theairborne virus and transport it between areas.2,pollute 污染T

28、he fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply.3,defile弄脏，糟蹋lt,s a shame that such a beautiful are area has been defiled by a rubbish dump.4,foul 弄脏 Rivers and lakes are fouled almost beyond recovery by pollutants.5,stain 玷污 Stain somebody s name/honor/reputationDue

29、to表示原因词语盘点1,be due to 由于 The accident was due to a concrete block thrown form a bridge.2,owning to 由于Owning to circumstances beyond our control,we regret to inform customers that this storewill close early.3,thanks to 多亏了Today thanks to the Internet,you can do all your Christmas shopping from home.4

30、,as a result of 以 为结果Bruce Lee died as an actor as a direct result of the injuries he received in medicine.5,the reason is 的原因是The reason we didn,t consider her for the job was that she didn t have enough experience.6,through 由于The Community Association collapsed through lack of support.7,out o f 出

31、于 原 因Out of interest/curiosity/desperationI came to you out of desperation-youve e got to help me.8zon account of 由于We had to move to London on account of my job.Due的经典用法盘点1,预期的 His new book is due to be published next year.The next income tax payment is due on 31January.2,欠债的 Any money due you will

32、 be sent by cheque through the post.3,适当的 You will receive notification of the results in due course.He was banned for six months for driving without due care and attention4,sb，s due 某人应得的 He accepted all the praise the received as his due.5,undue过分的Such a high increase will impose an undue burden o

33、n the local tax payer.UndulyAccordance和它的一组变体重要用法ljn accordance with a rule/law/wish与一致 依照 In accordance with her wishes,she was buried in France.2,Accord 给予 Every school accords high priority tothe quality of teaching.3,Accord with sth 符合His version of events does not accord with witnesses statemen

34、tAccording to 根据 According to Sarah theyre notgetting very well at the moment.5,Accordingly 相应地When we receive your instructions we shall act accordingly.5,With one accord 致 With one accord,the delegates walked out of the conference.7,0f your own accord 一致 She came to her own accord,no oneasked her

35、to come.8,Be in accord with sth 与 符合These results are in accord with earlier research.Analogous 描述相同点l,Be analogous to with 与 相 彳 以 The reports findings are analogous with our own.2,Affinity 相似 There are several close affinities between the two paintings.3,Comparable 可比较的 Our prices are comparable t

36、o/with those in other shops.4,ditto I hated school Ditto 5,Homogeneous 同类的，相似的An ethnically homogeneous country 6,Identical 完全相同的The interests of both parties may not be identical,but they do overlap considerably.7,Invariable 不变的 永恒的，同样的 His invariable answer was wait and see”8,Parallel平行的相同的Im tryi

37、ng to see if there are any obvious parallels between the two cases.9,Uniform统一的 相同的Small businesses are demanding that they receive uniform treatment from the banks.A g e 变老，跟老年相关She is worried to see how much she agedThe buildings are aging,and some of them are unsafe.For many,the loss of memory is

38、 a part of aging.Ageism 年龄歧视 It is an aspect of ageism that old age is seen as sexualThe aged 老年人 The hospital was built to meet the needs of the aged.The elderly The city was building new housing for the Elderly.Pensioner领取养老金得人Students and pensioners are entitled to a discount.A senior citizen 老年人

39、Discounts are available for senior citizensInfirm 体弱的 衰老的 Her grandmother is elderly and infirmSenile 衰老的，老迈的 infantile/juvenileHe lawyers claim he is senile and incomplete to stand trail.Declining years 晚年 He became very forgetful in his declining years.Twilight years 晚年Old people often rely on pet

40、s for comfort and companionship in their twilight yearsInitiative主动的；自发的；起始的同义，反义表达19 同义 Be proactiveAlthough she was quite young,she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to managerafter a year.2,反 义,be reactive.Unfortunately）the police have dealt with the problem of car theft in a reactive r

41、ather than aproactive way.一组表示使用的词语盘点1.Abuse 滥用She is continually abusing her authority by getting other people to do things for her.2,adopt 采用 I think it s time to adopt a different strategy in my dealing with him.3 Consume消费,使用Our higher living standards cause our present population to consume 25

42、percent of the world,s oil.4.Deploy部署，分配使用The company is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its resources/staff.5,exert对 施 加，作用于，使用于If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.6.Exhaust用尽，用光How long will it be before the world s fuel supplies are exhausted?7.Expend花费，

43、使用Governments expend a lot of resources on war.8,exploit 开发,使用 We need to make sure that we fully exploit our resources.9.Utilize 利用 You can utilize that interest to make learning English more fun.10.Wield 运用权利 影响 He still wields enormous influence within the party.11,avail oneself of 利用 How many sc

44、hools avail themselves of this opportunity each year?12,draw on 向 提取 利用 His novels draw heavily on his childhood.一组表示花费，使用的词Overhead 一般费用等1.经常费用 Reduce expenditure on overhead减少经常费用的开支2.天花板;（船舱）顶板 The overhead is rather low for me.1.在头顶上;在上头;高高地A plane flew overhead.一架飞机从头顶上飞过。Administrative overhea

45、ds 表示花费，开销1,overheads 管理的费用 We need to reduce our overheads.2,Compensation 赔偿金 She received 1000RMB in compensation for the damage of her car.3,costs 花费 We need to cut our advertising costs.4,deposit 押金We paid/put a deposit of 10000 on the house,and paid the balance four weeks later.5,expenditure 支出

46、 The government,s annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.6,expense 花费 We went on holiday at my father s expense.7,expenses 费用Don t worry about the cost of lunch-it,s on expenses.（公司经费，活动经费）8,quotation 报价 I asked several builders to give me a Quote for the work.9,remittance 汇款 She sends a small

47、remittance home to her parents each month.一组表示责任的词语盘点1.Liability 责任 Tenants 房客 have liability for any damage they cause2,obligation 义务 Parents are under a legal obligation to Educate their children.3,be accountable to sb for sth.对 负全责Politicians should be accountable to the public who elected them.4

48、.Be answerable to sb for sth 对 负责Any European central bank should be directly answerable to the European Parliament.5,be bound t o 对 有义务The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions.6.Commitment承诺 委托事项Will the job fit in your family commitments?7,compulsory

49、义务的 必须做的 Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law.8.Obligatory义不容辞的必须的9.The medical examination before you start work is obligatory.Permanently永久的一组表达1,permanently 永久性的 The accident left him permanently Disabled2,ceaseless 不停地 The ceaseless fight against crime.3,countinuious 连续不断的 Continuous

50、economic growth4,eternal 永恒的 She s an eternal optimist.5,imperishable 不灭的 不朽的 a set of imperishable truth6,incessant 不断的 Incessant rain/noise/complaints7,interminable 冗长的 无休止的 An interminable delay8,persistant 持久的Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry cough.9,standin