职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习.pdf

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1、职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习（2）More Exercise1.Physical fitness is the result of many factors-good medical and dentalcare,proper nutrition.adequate rest and relaxation,and sensible personal habits.Butthese are never enough.An essential factor is regular physical activity-exercise for abody that needs it to functi

2、on well.2.All of us know that ordinary movements-things like running,jumping,andbending-are made by muscles.Muscles also do many other things.They suck air intoyour lungs,push food along your digestive tract,and tighten your blood vessels toraise blood pressure when you need more pressure for an eme

3、rgency.Your heart is amuscular pump.4.Recent studies showed that the average high school student spends fifteen tothirty hours a week watching television and only two hours a week in organized playor exercise.That is one reason why one-third of the 200,000 pupils tested for thePresidents Council on

4、Physical Fitness failed a simple test of strength,stamina,andflexibility.Some of the boys and girls could not raise themselves to a sitting positionwithout using their hands!职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习1Successful Language LearnersSome people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up newvocabu

5、lary,master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language morequickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,sowhat makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a closelook at these successful language learners,we may discover a few of the

6、 techniqueswhich make language learning easier for them.First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do notdepend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn thelanguage.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patternsand the

7、rules for themselves.They are good guessers who look for clues and formtheir own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again.They try to learnfrom mistakes.What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and

8、 purposefully.On theother hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might aswell try some of the techniques outlined above.1.Paragraph 12.Paragraph 23.Paragraph 34.Paragraph 4A.Ways to Learn a Language SuccessfullyB.Learning a language PurposefullyC.Learning a Language Activel

9、yD.Learning a Language IndependentlyE.Learning from MistakesF.Learning to Think in the Target Language5.Successful language learners derive conclusions6.Independent Language learners rely on themselves7.Active language learners seize every opportunity8.The author wrote this textA.to discover sentenc

10、e patterns and grammatical rulesB.to expand vocabularyC.to use the target languageD.to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently,actively and purposefullyE.from cluesF.to say strange thingsKEY：ADCBEACD职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习20ArchitectureArchitecture is to building as literature is to

11、the printed word.The best buildingsare often so well constructed that they outlast their original use.They then survivenot only as beautiful objects,but as documents of the history of cultures.Theseachievements are never wholly the work of individuals.Architecture is a social art.The renaissance bro

12、ught about an entirely new age,not only in philosophy andliterature but in the visual arts as well.In architecture,the principles and styles ofancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted.They remaindominant until the 20th century.Many kinds of stone are used as building mater

13、ials.Stone and marble werechosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can beexpected to endure.Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture.Theuse of stone has declined,however,because a number of other materials aremore adaptable to industrial use.EXERCISE：1.Paragr

14、aph 2.2.Paragraph 3_3.Paragraph 4_4.Paragraph 5_A Building materialsB Need of greater building varieties in modern lifeC Restoration of ancient civilizationsD Evolution in styleE factors affecting modern architectureF A social art5.Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful

15、6.Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles,which were restored duringrenaissance,were still influential.8.The use of new building materials and the introduction of such newtechnology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important roleA to meet their needsB but also beautiful to

16、 look atC in the development of modern architectureD to design more buildingsE even in the 20th centuryF to outlast their original useKEY：CA B EB EA C职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习7Schools and EducationLife in the twentieth century demands preparation.Today,all individuals in acountry must have adequate schooling

17、to prepare them fortheir work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens.With this in mind,national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of theyoung.In the United States,government officials,parents,and teachers areworking hard to give their children-tomorrow s decisi

18、on makers-the bestpreparation available.There is no national school policy in the United States.Each of the fifty statesmakes its own rules and regulations for its school,but there are many similaritiesamong the fifty school systems.Public schools in all states are supported by taxespaid by the citi

19、zens of the individual state.In most states the children are required toattend school until they reach the age of sixteenA great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of themany colleges or universities in the country.After four years,they receive abachelor s degree.Some co

20、ntinue studying for a master s degree and perhaps adoctor s degree.练习:A.Family education in the United StatesB.Primary and secondary schoolingC.The importance of educationD.The similar school system throughout the US1.Paragraph 12.Paragraph 23.Paragraph 3A.go on to study in colleges or universitiesB

21、.emphasized todayC.the taxes paid by the citizens of each stateD.to go abroad to do further studyE.attend school4.Education is being5.In most states children,before they are 16,must6.Public schools are financed by7.After one finishes secondary school,he may or may not答案：CDBBECA职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习9l.The

22、rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us inhis attractive,short book“English has a Global language/73.As he rightly points out,what is impressive about this staggering figure is：“not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken placesince the

23、 1950 s.In 1950,the case for English as a world language would have beenno more than plausible.Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.4.So what happened?6 The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedyanalysis of the cultural basis of this global reach,notably the

24、 influence ofbroadcasting,press,advertising,popular music and film.He is also up-to-dateand informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcerof American cultural and linguistic dominance.7.One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the Leagueof Na

25、tions,and later the Untied Nations,in spreading English as an internationallanguage in the aftermath of the two world wars.1.Paragraph 22.Paragraph 33.Paragraph 54.Paragraph 6A The figure of EnglishB The speed of the spread of EnglishC The role played by culture and the netD The role played by milit

26、ary expansionE The role played by educationF The 2,000 years of English5.The kind of English spoken 1,500 years ago was so different from the Englishwe speak t o d a y.6.What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers ofEnglish found all over the world,the language has spread in

27、 the past halfcentury or so.7.The two international organizations founded after the two world wars madetheir contributions8.Crystal expresses the belief that in the future will not happen to English.A because of their similarityB that we would not be able to understand it at allC to the popularizati

28、on of English as a world languageE what once happened to LatinF but the speed with whichKeys：FBDCB FCE职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习16Museums in the Modern WorldMuseums have changed.They are no longer places for the privileged few or forbored vacationers to visit on rainy days.Action and democracy are words used i

29、ndescriptions of museums now.At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on endas harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan Museum of Artin New York City,you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to theirmusic.At the Modern Museum in Swed

30、en,you can put on costumes provided bythe Stockholm Opera.As these examples show,museums are reaching out to newaudiences,particularly the young,the poor,and the less educated members ofthe population.As a result,attendance is increasing.The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and

31、 to encourage thebuilding of new ones.In the US and Canada alone,there are now more than 6,000museums,almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago.About half of them aredevoted to history,and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences.The number of visitors,according to the America

32、n Association of museums,hasrisen to more than 700 million a year.In fact,the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem.Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive,but nowsome museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices

33、.Even when raised，however,entrance fees are generally too low to support amuseum,with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.1.Paragraph 2.2.Paragraph 3.3.Paragraph 4.4.Paragraph 5.A Causes of changesB Increasing number of museums and visitorsC Museums getting closer to more spectat

34、orsD Movies shown in museumsE New notions about the management of museumsF Places to visit5.Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few,but6.With the development of society,people,especially the young people,7.To meet the needs of society,more museums8.Two major problems for museums a

35、re that they have too many visitors andt hey.A have higher demands of museumsB are open to more people with different social backgroundC to lengthen their opening hoursD charge too little for admissionE have been built and open to publicKEY：CEABBAED职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习（4）Ceasing to Wear Tiesllts useless.

36、Its dirty.lt spreads disease.Thats why the British MedicalAssociation in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.2That leads to another question.Why does anyone wear a tie?Ties serve nopurpose.They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm.They alwaysseem to get c

37、overed in food stains.Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie.lt letseveryone know what you just ate.3Ties have an odd history.Soldiers from Croatia,in Eastern Europe,served asmercenaries（雇佣军）in various conflicts in the 17th century.They were identified bybrightly colored pieces of silk worn around t

38、he neck.Known as cravats（围 巾）,thesebecame a popular fashion item in France and evertually evolved into the tie.4lts an interesting story,but it doesnt tell us why men want to put uselesspieces of cloth or silk around their necks.The answer seems to be about identification（身份证明）.In the 19th-century B

39、ritain,ties were used by universities,militaryregiments（团）,sports clubs,schools and gentlemans clubs.Each tie was in aparticular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of thatorganization.Wearing ties was also the mark of Britains most powerful classes.Thatmade the tie itself a symbol

40、 of power and respect.And that led it to be adopted by amuch larger class-the business class.5You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery.So wearing a tie became asign that you were a man who used his brain to make a livingzrather than his hands.ltshowed you were serious.lt showed you were a pr

41、ofessional.lt meant that everyonewho wanted a job in business had to wear one.lt was just impossible to take seriouslya man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck.This is how millions ofpeople came to wear ties across the world.61s there a future for ties?The signs are not promisin

42、g.Many politicalleadersjncluding British Prime Minister Tony Blair,now go without ties.23.Paragraph.24.Paragraph.25.Paragraph.26.Paragraph.A.Origin of the tieB.British tiesC.Uselessness of the tieD.Old-fashioned tiesE.Role of the tieF.Signs of a tieless era27.The British Medical Association suggeste

43、d that.28.Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers.29.People wore different ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that.30.British Prime Minister Tony Blair is a man.A.they were workmenB.they wrere members of different organizationsC.hospital doctors stop wearing tiesD.who does not always

44、wear a tieE.who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 17th centuryF.who does not want to live like a king答案：23.C 24.A 25.E 26.F 27.C 28.E 29.B 30.D职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习8Radio and TelevisionImprovements of all kinds are constantly being made in television so thatreception will be as close to perfe

45、ct as possible.Perhaps the most recentadvancement of significance has been“Telstar。The specially-equipped spacecapsule,orbiting the globe,make it possible for the entire world to be closer thanever before.Now a family in Manchester can watch on TV a football match inFrance，a ski tournament in Norway

46、,or a parade in Japan as these events areactually happening.练习：1.Paragraph 1.2.Paragraph 2.3.Paragraph 4.A)The popularity radio and TV in BritainB)The invention of the radioC)The latest development of TVD)The importance of the radio5.People make constant efforts to improve6.A telstar is a satellite

47、that7.With the help of the telsar,events can be reported to listeners and viewersand a l mo s t.A)at the same time as they occurB)a basic necessity of lifeC)sends out signals all the timeD)travels around the globeE)the reception of their TV setsKeys：ADCB E DA职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习6Work and CareersSometimes

48、 we say that someonewe know is a“square peg in a round hole）。This simply means that theperson we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing.He may be abookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking.Unfortunately,many people in the world are“square pegs”;they

49、are not doing thekind of work they should be doing,for one reason or another.As a result theyprobably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.Choosing the right career is very important.Most of us spend a great part of ourlives at our jobs.For that reason we should try to find

50、 out what our talents are andhow we can use them.We can do this through aptitude test,interview withspecialists,and study of books in our field of interest.There are many careers open to each of us.Perhaps we like science.Then wemight prepare ourselves to be chemists,physicists,or biologists.Maybe o