大学英语长篇阅读教程(下).pdf

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1、Unit 11The Dark Side of Internet FameDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in oneof the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.A)

2、In the age of Google and YouTube,public shaming can turn anybody intoa celebrity or a fool.In 2002,Ghyslain Raza,a chubby Canadian teen,filmed himself acting out a fight scene from“Star Wars“using amakeshift light saber.His awkward performance was funny,in partbecause it wasnt meant to be.And it cer

3、tainly was never meant to bepublic:for nearly a year the video remained on a shelf in Razas schooFsTV studio,where hed filmed it.Sometime in 2003,though,anotherstudent discovered the video,digitized it and posted it online andRazas nightmare began.Within days,“Star Wars Kid“had become aviral frenzy.

4、It was posted on hundreds of blogs,enhanced by music andspecial effects,and watched by millions.Entire websites were dedicatedto the subject;one,was even named one of Times 50 bestsites of 2003.Had that teenager wanted to be famous,he couldnt haveasked for anything better.But in Razas case it became

5、 a source of publichumiliation,precisely what every kid fears the most.B)Razas of the world take note:among the generation thats been rearedonline,stories like this are becoming more and more common.They serveas important reminders of a dark side of instant Internet fame:humiliation.Already dozens o

6、f websites exist solely to help those who would shameothers.There are sites for posting hateful rants about ex-lovers()and bad tippers(the Shitty Tipper Database),and for posting cell-phone images of public bad behavior()and lousy drivers.As a new book makes clear inpowerful terms,such sites can mak

7、e or break a person,in a matter ofseconds.DontDateHimGhollabackNYC.comC)Anybody can become a celebrity or a worldwide villain in an instant”，says Daniel Solove,a law professor at George Washington University andauthor of“The Future of Reputation:Gossip,Rumor and Privacy on theInternet(Yale).“Some pe

8、ople may revel in that.But others might saythats not the role they wanted to play in life”.D)“Dog poop girl wasnt the public role a South Korean student had inmind when,in 2005,she refused to clean up after her dog in the subwayin Seoul.A minor infraction,perhaps,but another passenger captured theac

9、t on a cell-phone camera,posted it online and created a viral frenzy.The woman was harassed into dropping out of college.More recently astudent at Lewis&Clark University in Portland,Ore.,was publiclyaccused on Facebook,the social-networking site of sexuallyassaulting another student.Normally,such al

10、legations on campus are keptconfidential.But in this case a Facebook group revealed his name,withthe word“rapist”for the world to see,before the incident was ever evenreported to the authorities.The accused teen was never arrested orcharged,but he might as well have been:bloggers picked up the story

11、,and a local weekly put it on its cover,revealing graphic details of theencounter as described by the alleged victim,without including thesupposed perpetrators version of events.E)Public shaming,of course,is nothing new.Ancient Romans punishedwrongdoers by branding them on the forehead slaves caught

12、 stealinggot fur(Latin for thief)and runaways got fug(fugitive).In ColonialAmerica heretics were clamped into stocks in the public square,thieveshad their hands or fingers cut off,and adulterers were forced to wear ascarlet letter A.More recently a U.S.judge forced a mail thief to wear asign announc

13、ing his crime outside a San Francisco post office;in otherplaces sex offenders have to post warning signs on their front lawns.F)Although social stigma can be a useful deterrent,the Internet is a loosecannon，says ethicist Jim Cohen of Fordham University School of Lawin New York.Online there are few

14、checks and balances and no dueprocess 一 and validating the credibility of a claim is difficult,to say theleast.Moreover,studies show that the anonymity of the Net encouragespeople to say things they normally wouldnt.JuicyCampus,a gossipwebsite for U.S.college students,has made headlines by tapping i

15、nto thisurge.The site solicits juicy rumors under the protection of anonymity forsources.But what may have begun as fun and games has turned into avenue for bigoted rants and stories about drug use and sex that identifystudents by name.Anyone with a grudge can maliciously and sometimeslibelously att

16、ack defenseless students”,Daniel Belzer,a Duke senior,told NEWSWEEK in December.G)Regulators find sites like JuicyCampus hard to control.Laws on freespeech and defamation vary widely between countries.In the UnitedStates,proving libel requires the victim to show that his or her persecutorintended ma

17、lice,while the British system puts the burden on the defenseto show that a statement is not libelous(making it much easier toprosecute).A 1996 U.S.law Section 230 of the CommunicationsDecency Act specifically protects the operators of Web sites fromliability for the speech of their users.As long as

18、the host of a site doesntpost or edit content,it has no liability.(If AOL,say,were held responsiblefor every poster,it would quickly go out of business.)H)So,then,whats to stop a person from posting whatever he wants aboutyou,if he can do so anonymously and suffer no repercussions?For peoplewho use

19、blogs and social networking sites like diaries,putting theirpersonal information out there for the world to see,this presents a seriousrisk.UI think young people are seduced by the citizen-media notion of theInternet:that everyone can have their minutes of fame”,says BarrySchuler,the former CEO of A

20、OL who is now the coproducer of a newmovie,Look,about public video surveillance.But theyre also puttingthemselves out there forever”.I)Shaming victims,meanwhile,have little legal recourse.Identifyingposters often means having to subpoena an anonymous IP address.Butthat could lead nowhere.Many people

21、 share IP addresses on collegenetworks or Wi-Fi hotspots,and many Web sites hide individualaddresses.Even if a victim identifies the defamer,bloggers arent usuallyrich enough to pay big damage awards.Legal action may only increasepublicity the last thing a shaming victim wants.叮he law can only doso

22、much”,warns Solove.J)Once unsavory information is posted,its almost impossible to retrieve.The family of the“Star Wars Kid，who spent time in therapy as a resultof his ordeal,filed suit against the students who uploaded his video,andsettled out of court.But dozens of versions of his video are still w

23、idelyavailable,all over the Net.One of the bad boyfriends featured onDontDateHimG also sued,but his case was dismissed due to lackof jurisdiction.The accused rapist at Lewis&Clark has also hiredlawyers.But Google his name today,and the first entry has the word“rapist”in its title.If the“Star Wars Ki

24、d”has anything to teach us,itsthat shame,like the force,will always be with you.(1188 words)1.The South Korean girl got unwanted and humiliating Internet fame justbecause she didnt clean up her dogs poop in the subway.2.The instant Internet fame actually brought public shame to Raza.3.Being forced t

25、o wear a scarlet letter A is one way of public shaming inColonial America.4.The dark side of instant Internet fame is emerging with the existence ofsome websites which solely help humiliate others.5.It is found difficult to control the malicious websites partly because of thegreat difference in laws

26、 on free speech and defamation between countries.6.Not everyone would enjoy instant Internet fame,according to DanielSolove,the author of The Future of Reputation”.7.The law can do little to protect the victims who have suffered fromInternet shame.8.Raza became famous as the Star Wars Kid”in 2003.9.

27、The notion that everyone can have their minutes of fame can bring seriousrisk to people who use blogs and social-networking sites like diaries.10.JuicyCampus is a rumor sharing website for U.S.college students.Notes:1.makeshfit adj.临时的，权宜之计的2.saber 军刀，佩剑3.viral adj.病毒的，病毒引起的4.frenzy 狂怒，发狂5.rant .痛骂，

28、咆哮 6.revel in 陶醉于，纵情于 7.infraction 违反，违规 8.perpetrator.犯罪者，作恶者9.heretic 异教徒，异端者10.stigma n.耻辱，污名11.deterrent n.威慑,威慑手段，制止物12.a loose cannon不受控制的危险 事（人）物 13.anonymity附.匿名，作者不详14.venue 发生地点，现场15.bigoted时.顽固的；心地狭窄的16.grudge机怨恨,恶意17.defamationn.诽谤，中伤18.libel.诋毁,毁坏名誉的东西19.malice n.恶意，怨恨 20.repercussion n

29、.反响，后果 21.subpoena v.传唤传审22.ordeal 折磨，痛苦的经验23.jurisdiction 司法权管辖权Unit 12The Only Mrs.Charlie Chaplin RememberedDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in oneof the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from wh

30、ich the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.A)In 1942,Oona ONeill made a trip from New York to California to seeher father and to try her luck in Hollywood.Her visit with her father whowas the famous playwright Eugene ONeill did not go well.Her filmcareer did not develop

31、either.Instead,she would make headlines inbecoming the fourth wife of Charlie Chaplin.B)The couple met in the fall of 1942.Chaplin was looking for a new leadinglady for his latest film“Shadow and Substancef,.A talent agent whoknew Chaplin introduced the couple at a private dinner.Thinking Oonatoo yo

32、ung for the part,Chaplin didnt engage her at first,but Oonashowed interest instead and even showed up at the studio one day askingfor Mr.Chaplin.Chaplin signed up Oona and for the next few months shewas involved in acting lessons for the part.But instead of acting,aromance developed.Chaplin was repo

33、rtedly shy about involving himselfwith yet another young girl,but it was Oona who really showed a deepfeeling for him that made him at ease with the decision.C)Chaplin placed the film project on the shelf and planned for a quietwedding instead.Even with the age difference,the couple had a specialbon

34、d that would last a lifetime.The couple spent a great deal of timetogether.Even Charlies sons were very taken by their new step-mother.She may have been 18,but she was very mature for her age and had acalmness about her that aided her in this new married life.The couplewould go through some of the m

35、ost troubled times Chaplin experiencedin the States.The Joan Berry lawsuit,the publics dislike for the newdirections of his films,and Chaplins left-leaning politics were allhaunting him publicly.In contrast,his private life could not have beenbetter.D)“Limelight”in 1952 became a family affair for Ch

36、arlie,as his oldest andyoungest children were all in the film,including his half-brother,WheelerDryden as the doctor.It is even reported that Oona appeared briefly,doubling for Clarie Bloom in a scene.With the film done,Chaplindecided to premiere“Limelight“in London and show“his London5 5 to hiswife

37、 and young family for the first time.Chaplin got all the proper papershe needed to go on the trip and the government officials wished them agreat journey!In September,1952,Charlie,Oona,and the three childrenleft New York for London.But two days out to sea,the news arrived onship that Chaplin was bei

38、ng denied re-entry to the United States.Ready tofight the US government decision,according to 1952 New York Timesreports,the family lived in hotels and stayed with friends for the rest of1952.But Chaplin had enough with court battles and chose instead to buya lake side home in Switzerland in January

39、 1953.Oona especially wantedto be settled for the birth of their fourth child.E)During Chaplins life he had 11 children bom.Two died during hislifetime.Most of them grew up during the 50s and 60s.To his kids,hewas Dad,but to the world he was still The Little Tramp”.This silent-erafilm figure was a b

40、it too distant for the children,and Charlie did not talkmuch about his early film days to his children.Many famous peoplewould visit their home over the years.But even in Switzerland,businessstill had to be settled with their Hollywood home and studio property.Forthis Oona was a great help,and we ha

41、ve her to thank for helping saveChaplins lifetime of film work.Later,Oona even gave up her Americancitizenship.She had few ties to the States,but would return to help herfamily when needed.She had her mother and brother with whom she keptin contact.F)As for Charlie,he would only return once to the S

42、tates in 1972 to receivehis special Academy Award Oscar with Oona at his side all the way.Allthe people who worked with Chaplin showed up in either New York orLos Angeles to see him.When he received the Oscar that night,he hadOona by his side,like she was from the start of their marriage.He pointeda

43、t her in gesture that it was Oona that made it possible for him to be thereon that night.Oona gave him strength,while his was failing.The U.S.tripwas so emotional for Chaplin,he couldnt bear to walk on his old ChaplinFilm Studio grounds again.He went to the studio on a Sunday andstopped by the origi

44、nal gate entry.All his wives and his first close love,Edna,were all there in the 34 years he worked there,but that time wasgone.All that was left was the building and memories he created on film.That was the last time Chaplin saw his studio.G)Oona was there in London to see him receive his English k

45、nighthood in1975.But his old energy was gone.He asked not be photographed whilestruggling to enter his car.The man who once could move with great ease,was no more.In 1976,he restored the last of his classics and one of hisfavorite films“A Woman of Paris”.It was Edna Purviances first starringrole.As

46、always,Oona was never far away.She was his energy,his youth.She was everything he wanted in a wife,and more.It has been said,thatOona would laugh loudly at his jokes,whether she heard it before,or not.H)His last year with Oona was as quiet as the first months in Switzerland.He would watch films,take

47、 drives,do walks,see visitors and attendfamily outings.But by November 1977,Chaplin stayed home for good.Oona worked hard on caring for him,until her health was called intoquestion by their own children.It is rather irony that Chaplin would die inthe early morning hours of the one holiday that was t

48、he saddest from hischildhood.During the annual family holiday gathering in 1977,Charliedied on Christmas Day.I)Oona never got over the death of Charlie.She tried to start a new life andeven lived in New York City for a while.But her whole life centeredaround Charlie,and life without him just didnt s

49、eem possible for her.Living with Charlie was never easy for Oona,but living without him wasagonizing.Oona died from cancer on September 27,1991.J)After three marriages that didnt work out,Charlies final marriagerealized his ideal girl and love of his life in Oona ONeill.While Ednawas Chaplins ideal girl on the silver screen,it was Oona who became hisideal girl in real life.And it will always be Oona Chaplin who will alwaysbe remembered as Mrs.Charles Chaplin.(1163 words)1.Oona looked after Charlie Chaplin whole-heartedly in his last years untilher own health was poor.2.Charlie Chaplin signed