新概念英语第一册全部语法.pdf
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1、新概念英语第一册全部语法一,时态:i般现在时,现在进行时,i般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。U 含有b e 动词的句子H e i s a t e a c h e r.T h e g i r l i s v e r y b e a u t i f u l.T i m a n d J a c k a r e s t u d e n t s.变疑问句将b e 动词移到句首I s h e a t e a c h e r?I s t h e g i r l v e r y b e a u t i f u l?Ar e
2、 T i m a n d J a c k s t u d e n t s?变否定句在b e 动词后面加n o tH e i s n o t a t e a c h e r.T h e g i r l i s n o t v e r y b e a u t i f u l.T i m a n d J a c k a r e n o t s t u d e n t s.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,h e i s.No,h e i s n o t.Y e s,s h e i s.No,s h e i s n o t.Y e s,t h e y a r e.No,t h e y a r e n o
3、t.u不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加d o e s,动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn t,动词变为原型He doesn,t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答:Yes,he does.No,he doesnJ t.Y
4、es,she does.No,she doesn tYes,it does.No,it doesn t.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.W e have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加don t.Yo
5、u don,t want to have a bath.We don,t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I do.No,I don t.Yes,we do.No,we don,tYes,they do.No,they don t.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成:主语+b e 动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The bo
6、ys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句
7、:what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉,感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用I,$11 yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有be动
8、词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereI was at the butcherJ s.Y o u w e r e a s t u d e n t a y e a r a g o.T h e t e a c h e r w a s v e r y b e a u t i f u l t e n y e a r s a g o.变疑问句将b e 动词移动到句首W e r e y o u a t t h e b u t c h e r s?W e r e y o u a s t u d e n t a y e a r a g o?W a s t h e t
9、e a c h e r v e r y b e a u t i f u l t e n y e a r s a g o?变否定句在b e 动词后面加n o tI w a s n o t a t t h e b u t c h e r s.Y o u w e r e n o t a s t u d e n t a y e a r a g o.T h e t e a c h e r w a s n o t v e r y b e a u t i f u l t e n y e a r s a g o.肯定回答否定回答Y e s,I w a s.No,I w a s n o t.Y e s,y o
10、u w e r e.No,y o u w e r e n o t.Y e s,h e/s h e w a s.No,h e/s h e w a s n o t.特殊疑问句:W h a t d i d y o u d o?(必背)不含有b e 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I f i n i s h e d m y h o m e w o r k y e s t e r d a y.T h e b o y w e n t t o a r e s t a u r a n t.T h e S a w y e r s l i v e d a t K i n g S t r e e
11、t a y e a r a g o.变疑问句在句首加d i d,动词变为原型Di d y o u f i n i s h y o u r h o m e w o r k y e s t e r d a y?Di d t h e b o y g o t o a r e s t a u r a n t?Di d t h e S a w y e r s 1 i v e a t K i n g S t r e e t a y e a r a g o?变否定句在主语和动词之间加d i d n o tI d i d n o t f i n i s h m y h o m e w o r k y e s t
12、 e r d a y.T h e b o y d i d n o t g o t o a r e s t a u r a n t.T h e S a w y e r s d i d n o t l i v e a t K i n g S t r e e t a y e a r a g o.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,I d i d.No,I d i d n,t.Y e s,h e d i d.No,h e d i d n,t.Y e s,t h e y d i d.No,t h e y d i d n o t.4.现在完成时构成:主语+助动词h a v e,h a s+过去分词用法:1)表示
13、过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和j u s t,u s u a l l y,a l r e a d y,s i n c e等时间副词连用I h a v e j u s t h a d l u n c h.(饱了,不用再吃了)H e h a s h a d a c u p o f t e a.(不渴了,不用再喝)T h e y h a v e a l r e a d y h a d t h e i r h o l i d a y.(不能再度假了)T h e b o y h a s a l r e a d y r e a d t h e b o o k.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2)
14、询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:H a v e y o u f i n i s h e d y o u r h o m e w o r k?H a v e y o u b e e n t o Be i j i n g?H a v e h e s e e n t h e f i l m?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4)表示一种经历,经验:去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never had a bath.I h
15、ave never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化:变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词
16、后面加not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句:What have you done?W h a t h a s h e d o n e?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:I v e l e f t Be i j i n g f o r 3 d a y s.对.:I l e f t Be i j i n g 3 d a y s a
17、 g o.1 h a v e b e e n a w a y f r o m b e i n g f o r 3 d a y s.5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和t o m o r r o w,n e x t y e a r,t h e d a y a f t e r t o m o r r o w,t h ey e a r a f t e r t h e n e x t,i n f i v e h o u r s *t i m e,e t c.表示将来的词联用结构:主语+助动词w i 1+动词原形I w i l l g o t o Am e r i c a t o m o r r
18、 o w.T h e p i l o t w i l l f l y t o J a p a n t h e m o n t h a f t e r t h e n e x t.J a c k w i l l m o v e i n t o h i s n e w h o u s e t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g.变疑问句将助动词移到句首W i l l y o u g o t o Am e r i c a t o m o r r o w?W i l l t h e p i l o t f l y t o J a p a n t h e m o n t h a f
19、t e r t h e n e x t?W i l l J a c k m o v e i n t o h i s n e w h o u s e t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g?变否定句在助动词后面加n o tI w i l l n o t g o t o Am e r i c a t o m o r r o w.T h e p i l o t w i l l n o t f l y t o J a p a n t h e m o n t h a f t e r t h e n e x t.J a c k w i l l n o t m o v e i n t o
20、 h i s n e w h o u s e t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,I w i l l.No,I w i l l n o t.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句:What will you do?6.过去完成时:用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构:had+过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had sol
21、d the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadn,t finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,she had.No,she hadn,t.特殊疑问句:What had she done?7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,
22、经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构:was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coinson the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8.过去将来时结构:would doShe said she would go here the next morning.二.特殊句型:there b e 句型,be going t o 结构1.Be going t
23、o 结构表示打算,准备,计划做某事结构:主语+be动 词+going to+动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在be动词后面加no
24、tI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2.Th
25、ere be 句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)u There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableu There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加notThere i
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