英语初一升初二衔接.pdf

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1、第一章七年级下册知识点复习Unit 5 and unit 6频度副词及用法：频度副词主要指一定时间动作发生的次数。I always go to school by bike.(100%)I usually go to work by car.(80%)I often go to school by bus.(60%)I sometimes go to school by subway.(40%)I seldom go to school on foot.(20%)I never go to school by taxi.(0%)除此之外,常见的这类副词及短语还有：everyday,twice

2、a week,once a week等注 意：对频度副词用H o w often提 问：例：1.How often does he go to the park?Twice a week.2.How often do you go to the library?Everyday!2.交通式的表达A.交通工具：等等。B.乘坐交通工具，用by+交通工具，中间不加任词)i r除此之外,还可用其他词汇这样表达:take a bus,ride a bike,take a taxi,walk to.C.对交通式或者式的提问用 how,e.g.How do you go home?I go home onf

3、oot.How does she go to work?By bus.3.关于借物：borrow,lend,keepBorrow:短暂性动词，指从别人那里借来东西。Lend:指把自己的东西借出去给别人，lend sth.to sb.Keep:持续性动词，可 指 借 多 久 ，可以按时间段。练 习：May I your knife?Please it to me.You can them for 3 days.4.There b e句 型:表示某地或某时存在某人，某事或或某物。谓语使用就近原则。e.g.There is an orange and two apples on the table.

4、将来时结构为：There is going to be./there will be.e.g.There is going to be a meeting tomorrow morning.句型变化：a.Is there a computer in your study?Yes,there is./No,there isn t.b.Are there any shoes under the bed?Yes,there are./No,therearen t.c.What is on the table?There is a knife and a fork.与have”的区别：have指“某人

5、拥有什么“，强调所属关系。e.g.I have many science books.课堂小练习1.There any rice in the bowl.A.are B.Is C.isn t D.aren t2.There many apples on the tree last year.A.have been B.were C.are D.is3.There a film tomorrow evening.A.will have B.have C.is going to be D.has4.There is some milk in the b o t t l e,?A.isn t the

6、re B.aren t there C.isn t it D.are there5.How many boys there in the Class One?A.be B.is C.are D.am6.There a lot of good news in today s newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were7.There pencil-box,and some flowers on the desk.A.is a B.are some C.has a D.have some8.There an apple and ten bananas in the baske

7、t.A.are B.is C.has D.have9.a ny flowers on both sides of the street?A.Is there B.Are there C.Has D.Have10.There is little water n the g l a s s,?A.isn t there B.isn,t it C.is it D.is there5.表示地点与位:on/at/in/above/under/beside/near/behind/nextto/across from.On the right/left,in front of/in the front o

8、f,at the back of/at back of6.问 路，指路与距离问路：Excuse me,is there a.near here?Excuse me,how can I get to./Could you tell me how to get to.?Where is.?Excuse me,which is the way to./Which bus goes to.?指 路：Go up this street to the end and.Go along.and turn left at the first street.Sorry,I don t know.I m new

9、here.You can take bus No.12.If s about 400 meters from here.You d better take a taxi.距离How far s it from here?It s about 5 kilometers away from here./If s 2 hours by bike.7.现在进行时用 法：1）表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。常 和now连用，有时用动词look!（瞧），listen!（听）来表示 此时此刻”这一时间概念，或者使用祈使句Don t引导的句子。结构为：b e +d o i nge.g.He is r

10、eading books in the library now.Listen,someone is playing the piano.Look,they are dancing.注意区别于一般现在时：一般现在时:表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，或表示说话者的能力，或普遍真理。用法：1）经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。I go to school on foot on weekdays./He is very busy every day.2）表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。He can swim./1 work hard./She likes watching TV.3）表示客观

11、真理There are seven days in a week./The moon moves round the earth.标志:often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不），on Sundays（在星期天），every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）课堂练习()1.Listen!They in the next room.A.sing B.is singing C.are singing D.were singing()2.Lucy is always busy.She only five hours

12、every day.A.is sleeping B.will sleep C.would sleep D.sleeps()3.If s eight o(clock.The students an English class.A.have B.having C.is having D.are having()4.Is your father a doctor?Yes,he is.He in Town Hospital.A.has worked B.is working C.works D.worked()5.On Sunday he sometimes his clothes and somet

13、imes someshopping.A.wash;do B.is washing;is doingC.washes;does D.washes;is doing()6.-M ary,could you help me?Wait a moment.I.A.read a book B.did my homeworkC.was watching TV D.am cooking dinner.()7.Tom the piano in the room.Please ask him to come here.A.playB.playsC.played D.is playing()8.Can your f

14、ather drive?Yes,and he usually to school.A.drove B.is driving C.drives D.has driven()9.Excuse me,where is Jim?Oh,he dumplings in the kitchen.A.makesB.will make C.is making D.made()1 0.He said the sun in the east and in the west.A.rose;setB.rises;sets C.rises,set D.rise;sets()1 1.Don t turn on the TV

15、.Grandma now.A.is sleeping B.will sleep C.sleptD.sleeps()1 2.you a book?Yes,I am.A.Do;readB.Are;read C.Are;reading D.Are;looking()1 3.Sometimes she in the day,but now she is.A.works;working B.working;workC.work;working D.work;work()1 4.Jenny_English every evening.A.has study B.studies C.study D.stud

16、ied()1 5.Wang Mei music and often to music.A.like;listen B.likes;listensC.like;are listening D.liking;listen8.一些重点单词及短语Early catch walk ride return easy interesting difficult boringbeautiful large stop turn across danger last fast carefulThe same to come on have a short rest in one s free time a few

17、of course Look for on time put on from.to.be friendly to.talk about put away In the center of at the end of a lot ofclose to far from right now Be late for across fromUnit 7 and unit 81.主要词汇短语1-12 月份 January February March April May June July AugustSeptember October November December序 数 词：first seco

18、nd third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninthtenth.四 季：spring summer autumn/fall winterWeather:warm hot rain snow cloudy rainy snowy sunny windycool coldSport birthday party present shape ago anything mean enjoywash happen angry arrive busy travel trip believe importantprepare start shout hold ra

19、ce be born do some cleaninghave a good time take pictures be good at/do well in with the helpof/with one s help enjoy oneself at once tell a lie be differentfrom put up prepare for stay up2.天气询问天气：a.一般现在时：How is the weather?/What s the weather like today?If s sunny./If s hot.b.一般过去时：How was the weat

20、her?/What was the weather like?It was sunny./It was hot.关于:What s the temperature?The temperature is 20.3.谈论能力：使用情态单词can,后接动词原形没有人称变化，但是有过去式could.She can sing English songs.Can you dance?Yes,I can./No,I can t.I can swim now,but I couldn,t swim when I was five.4.意愿和打算Hope表示希望,指比较容易达成的目的：hope to doW i

21、sh表示希望，指不容易达到的目的或意愿：wish（sb.）t。doWant想要，表示个人的意愿，want（sb.）to doWould like:用法和 want 一样Plan:计划，plan to doe.g.I hope to find a pen pal.I wish to be a rich man./1 wish you to win the first prize.I want/would like to buy a present for her.I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.5.一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。结

22、构是 主语+动词的过去式 可以从以下几个面来理解：1、过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday（昨天）,last night（昨晚）,last week（上个星期）,four days ago（四天前）,in 2002（在 2002 年）,just now（冈!）才）,the day before yesterday（前天）等。表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。e.g.I bought a new shirt yesterday.He was a worker two years ago.2、过去一段时间，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g.Whe

23、n I was a child,I often played with fire.Li Lei always walked to school last term.其句式变化分为两种情况：1)含有be动词的直接把b e动词改成过去式.e.g.I was born in 1980.I was not born in 1980.Were you born in 1980?2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt”同时把动词变成原形；变一般疑问句，在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形.e.g.I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.I didn

24、t buy a gift for my mum yesterday.Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?课堂练习请用正确动词形式填空。1.1 an exciting party last weekend.(have)2.She at home yesterday morning.(is)3.Tommy TV at his uncle s last night.(watch)4.They all to the mountains yesterday morning.(go)5.My friend,C a r o l,f o r the math t

25、est yesterday evening.(study)6.They_(be)on the farm a moment ago.7.T h e re(b e)a shop not long ago.8 Je n n y(n o t go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.9 D a n n y(re a d )English five minutes ago.10 I(s e e)L i L e i(g o)out just now.按照括号中的要求改写句子。11.Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)Lucy her

26、 homework at home.12.She found some meat in the fridge.(变一般疑问句)she meat in the fridge?13.She stayed the re for a week.(对划线部分提问)she there?14.There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)there orange in the cup?15.Li Ming is at school n ow.(用 yesterday 改写句子)Li Ming at school yesterday.第二章句法与写作基础了解句子成分与词类之

27、间的关系。据自由句子成分组成，而句子成分又由某些特定的词语担当。句子成分分为：主 语,谓 语，宾 语，表 语，补 语，定语和状语。(1)主语主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。名 词，代 词，数词，不 定 式，动 词ING等都可做主语。Mary is a good student.He enjoys going fishing.Playing football is my favorite sport.(2)谓语谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作，特 征，行为或者处于什么状态。谓语通常由动词或短语来充当，有 时 态，语 气，语态和人称和数的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或

28、者情态动词等。The room can hold twenty people.(情态动词+动词原形)She teaches us English.(第三人称单数)My mother bought me a new sweater.(动词过去式)(3)表语用来表述主语的特征，状 态，身 份 等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。可以作表语的有名词，代 词，数 词，形 容 词，副 词，介 词 短 语，不定式和动词ING等等。He is a lucky dog.Her work is to look after the baby.Keep quiet,please.The weather be

29、comes warmer and warmer in spring.(4)宾语宾语在句子中充当动作的承受者表明行为动作的支配对象。可以做宾语的有名词，代 词，数 词，不 定 式，动 词ING等等。介词之后也叫宾语。Walls have ears.I remember to give back his bike.I send a postcard to my friend yesterday.(5)宾语补足语有些谓语动词虽然带了宾语，但句子意思并不完整，还需要有一个补充说明句子意思才完整。这个补充说明的成分就叫宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的行为，特征和状态，身份等。能够充当宾语补足语的的有名词，形

30、容 词，副 词，介词短语,不定式和动词INGOI want him backHis jokes make me laugh.I see her playing with her little brother.Mother tells me not to swim in the river.(6)定语定语用来修饰名词和代词。除动词之外，其余词类都可做定语。放在修饰词前面的叫前置定语，放在修饰词后面的叫后置定语。Ann is a young singer.There is a beautiful picture on the white wall.You can see green leaves

31、on the trees in spring.(7)状语用来表示 时 间，地 点，原 因，式，程 度，目 的，结 果，条件等等的叫状语。状语一般放在句尾，有的也可谓语句首或句中。The plane will take off in ten minutes.It s really beautiful.We will go to the park by bike.Judy wants to hold her birthday party at her home.I like going shopping very much.practice试画出下列句子的句子成分1.The book is abo

32、ut Chinese history.2.You should hold my hand.3.I want to know that beautiful girl under the tree.4.They are working on the farm now.5.The old man was feeling very tired.6.People speak English in America.7.I often go to school on foot.8.Sam didn t do his homework yesterday.选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the

33、picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus(4)There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon(5)Did

34、the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework二.了解句子的各种类型句子可以按照不同类别进行分类。我们主要学习按照用途划分，这样可分为述句，疑问 句，祈使句和感叹句。(1)述句用于述一件事情或一种观点的句子叫述句，包含肯定句和否定句，句末用句号。He is willing to help others.We can t live without wat

35、er and air.(2)疑问句疑问句是用来询问事情的句子。常用的有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句 常用来询问一件事情是否属实，一般要用yes或n o来回答。Does Helen always do housework?Yes,she does.特殊疑问句 主要用来对述句中某个成分进行提问，常用的疑问词有7个wh-和 how。What will you use to do it?/where are you going?选择疑问句说话人提出一个或两个以上的选择，供对选择的问句。选择疑问句可用一般疑问句形式也可用特殊疑问句形式，选择项之间用o r连接。What wo

36、uld you like,tea or milk?V d like tea.Do you like tea or milk?I like milk.反意疑问句 通常在述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句构成，主要是说话者对所叙述的情况有一定看法后，想通过一个问句来获得进一步肯定。You can ride a bike,can t you?They are having a good time,arenz t they?(3)感叹句感叹句是抒发强烈情感的句子，如 欢 乐，愤 怒，惊奇等。What和how常用来引导感叹句。How careful you are!What a wonderful

37、movie!(4)祈使句用来表示请求，命令，劝 告，建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般没有时态,也不用情态动词，只需要动词原形来表示即可。Be careful!Don,t swim in the lake.Please open the window.根据句子结构划分，句型又可分为简单句，并列句和复合句(1)简单句 句子如果只包含一个主谓结构就是简单句，但是它也可包含定语等其他成分。Tom loves singing very much.The weather gets longer and longer.(2)并列句 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成，并用分号或并列连词相连接。This boo

38、k is Jim,s and that one is mine.Jane played the piano and Amy danced at the birthday party.(3)复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个及以上从句构成。从句也是一个完整的句子，充当主句的某种成分，如状语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等等。We will go for a picnic if it doesn t rain tomorrow.I am reading when my mother comes in.Mary didn,t go to school because she was ill.=.六种基本句型A

39、.s+v（主 语+谓语）此类句型中的动词谓语都是不及物动词，可以单独表达完整的意思。后面不接宾语，但是可以接副词等状语。常见的不及物动词有：arrive,wait,come,go,laugh,rise,begin 等等S V 1.我每天六点起床Time flies.2.她舞跳得很好_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Class begins.The sun rises.3,你 走 开-I am crying.B.S+V+P（主 语+系动词+表语）系动词不能完整地表达一个意思，必须在后面接上表明主语身份或状态的词才能表达完整的意思。系动词包含 be 动词

40、，smell,look,sound,taste,feel f keep 等表状态，以 及 go,turn,get,become,grow等表变件 我又累乂饿sVPThisisc.2.他觉得很开心_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _an English bookThe dresslooksbeautiful.3这鱼闻起来真香_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _The weatherbecomeswarm.Her faceturnsred.C.s+v+o（主 语+谓 语+宾 语）谓语动词具有实际意义，表明主语发出的 动 作，但不能表达完整的意思。所以这类词之后必

41、须接宾语才能意思完整。这类动词叫及物动词。S V01.他找不到他的书Whoknowsthe answer?Mummadea cake.2.昨晚我看了一本书.IunderstandEnglish.3.我想要果汁_Janelikesplaying games.D.S+V+10+DO（主 语+谓 语+间 宾+直宾）谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个宾语是谓语动词的直接承受着，一介是间接承受者。当间接承受者谓语后面时，前面通常加上介词。放前面是，介词省略。常 用 的 带 双 宾 的 动 词 有：taketo，pass.to.,show.to.,giveto,buy.for.cook.for

42、.,make.for.to MaryS V 10DO S VDO 10He showed mesome pictures.=Heshowed somepictures to meMum bought mea dress.=Mumbought a dressfor me.Jane sent Marya postcard.=Janesent a postcard请递给我米饭1.2.爸爸给了我一件礼物1；_2._奶奶为我做了美味的晚餐1._2._E.s+v+o+oc（主 语+谓 语+宾 语+宾补）动词虽然是及物动词，但是接了宾语之后仍然不能表达完整的意思,必须在后面熠加一个补充成分来对宾语进行说明意

43、思才能完整，这个成分叫宾语补足语。1太阳使我们温暖S V O 0C2.我们保持教室干净The party makes us excited.-You should keep the room clean.3-我发现他今天很开心Dad asked me not to go uuuI see them swimming.F.There b e 句型 也叫存在句。指“某个时间或某个地点有什么人或什么事”注 意 就近原则”的使用，There is a cat in the tree./There are some people in thepark.我们教室里有两幅地图_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

44、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _动物园里人山人海。明天有一个班会。practice一、请判断下列句子的结构类型：1.He is running.2.The loud noise made him angry.3.The little boy is asking the teacher some questions.4.She is angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?7.Will you tell us

45、an exciting story?8.We must keep our classroom clean.9.1 heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you open the window?四.如为写作做准备英语考试中的书面表达题，旨在考察学生的英语基础知识水平和综合运用英语进行口头表达的能力。为了能顺利通过书面表达这一关，平时要做好以下几点：加强词汇，语法等语言基础的积累。词汇是语言的基本单位，是组次成文的基础。所以在平时要多学，多 记，多用词汇及搭配使用。句型是英语学习的重要组成部分，在平时的学习中，要坚持背诵和熟记常用句型和典

46、型句子；要利用自己所学的句型进行模仿造句，做到举一反三；还要多进行句子的翻译练习。坚持做组句成文练习。组句成文练习是真正惊醒书面表达的前期训练。平时可以在老师的指导下，把一些无序的句子，根据情节，时间等重新组成短文，也可将课文问题答案串联起来形成一篇短文。坚持写英语日记。写英语日记是提高书面表达能力的有效途径之一。把每天想到的，看 到 的，学到 的，经历过的事用所学英语记录下来，写后可做适当修改。长期坚持，必定有益。多做改写，仿写练习模仿别人的文章写作是根据自己的实际情况，对自己熟悉的课文和习作加以换词换句的修改。必要时加以润色和发挥。建议一开始写不好英文作文的同学从模仿别人的文章开始写，循序

47、渐进。多背诵好的篇章，段落。常言道 熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟、朗读是接触和吸收语言最好最主要的途径。在阅读中熟记好的表达式，优美的句子，常用的短语，追渐积累，就会大大丰富书面表达的材料。五选词1.选词的基本原则在初学英文写作时，用词上应以准确，符合语法，力求变化为原则。(1)选择易懂，常用的词初学写作应尽量使用易懂，常用的词汇。普通次直截了当，容易理解。(2)选用具体，确切的词。从语义上看，词可分为两类：抽象笼统的词和具体个性的词。如写某人职 业 时，尽量不用worker,而 用farmer,doctor,teacher等具体化的词；如描述某个人时，尽 量 不 用good,而 用frie

48、ndly,kind,smart,clever,nice 等等。(3)注意用词的变化。写文章时避免反复使用同一词语，这样会造成文章单调，枯燥无味。准确使用英语中的同义词可以给读者一种清新之感。e.g.I like playing basketball;my sister enjoys listening to music;my father loves watching TV and my mother prefers reading.(4)学 会 迂 回 表 达。在写作时，常常会遇到这样的情况，有些说法很难找到一个相对应的英文表达。这 时，千万不要为一个自己不会的单词而绞尽脑汁或用语硬译。我们

49、可以利用近义词，反义词和类似结构来表达同一个意思，学 会 根据语境表达和一句多译。(5)用词要规贴切。所谓规是指所选的词语应该要合乎习惯的，现 代 的，通用的。如汉字中表 示 看 书 ，看电视，看黑板，我 们 都 用 一 个 看 字，但在英语中,却要分别使用read,watch,Took a t.e.g.let s go to see the movies.Look at the blackboard,please.Don t read in the sun.Many children like watching TV.2.一些用词不当的句子剖析我可以借用一下你的吗？误 May I borro

50、w your telephone?正 May I t/seyour telephone?Borrow的意思是从别人那里借入某物，用一段时间再归还。而借用实际上是使 用，打的人并不是要把借走一段时间。请把电灯打开。误 Open the light,please.正 Turn on the light,please.打 开 灯，电视机，收音机，自来水，煤 气 等 要 用Turn on,关掉要用turn offH,打 开“门，窗，书 等 可 用open,关上用close。你在干什么?”我在看报误 What are you doing?V m seeing the newspaper.正 What a