职称英语等级考试用书.pdf

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1、【经典资料，wo RD文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，WORD文档，可修改】职称英语考试用书（理工类）教材20 1 3年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）?注：?1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；？2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第2 0页；3、20 1 3年词汇部分、阅读判断、概括大意和完成句子、补全短文与20 1 2年教材相比未作任何变化。?20 1 3年职称英语（理工类）新增文章学习?阅读理解?第十一篇W h e n?O ur?E ye s?S e rve?O ur?S to m a c h?O ur?se n se s?a re n,t?

2、j ust?d e l i ve ri n g?a?stri c t?vi e w?o f?wh a t,s?g o i n g?o n?i n?th e ；th e y re?a f f e c te d?b y?wh a tJ s?g o i n g?o n?i n?o ur?h e a d s.?A?n e w?stud y?f i n ds?th a t?h un g ry?pe o pl e?se e?f o o d-re l a te d?wo rd s?m o re?c l e a rl y?th a n?pe o pl e?wh o ve?j ust?e a te n.?P s

3、yc h o l o g i sts?h a ve?k n o wn?f o r?d e c a d e s?th a t?wh a ts?g o i n g?o n,?i n si d e?o ur?h e a d?a f f e c ts?o ur?se n se s.?F o r?e xa m pl e,?po o rer?c h i l d re n?th i n k?c o i n s?a re?l a rg e r?th a n?th e y?a re,?a n d?h un g ry?pe o pl e?think?pictures?of?food?are?brighter.?R

4、emi?Radel?of?University?of?Nice?Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted?to?investigate?how?this?happens.?Does?it?happen?right?away?as?the?brain?receives?signals?from?the?eyes?or?a?little?later?as?the?brain,s?high-level?thinking?processes?get?involved.?Radel?recruited?42?students?with?a?normal?body?mass?index

5、.?On?the?day?of?his?or?her?test,?each?student?was?told?to?arrive?at?the?lab?at?noon?after?three?or?four?hours?of?not?eating.?Then?they?were?told?there?was?a?delay.?Some?were?told?to?come?back?in?10?minutes;?others?were?given?an?hour?to?get?lunch?first.?So?half?the?students?were?hungry?when?they?did?

6、the?experiment?and?the?other?half?had?just?eaten.?For?the?experiment,?the?participant?looked?at?a?computer?screen.?One?by?one,?80?words?flashed?on?the?screen?for?about?l/300th?of?a?second?each.?They?flashed?at?so?small?a?size?that?the?students?could?only?consciously?perceive.?A?quarter?of?the?words?

7、were?food-related.?After?each?word,each?person?was?asked?how?bright?the?word?was?and?asked?to?choose?which?of?two?words?they?d?seen?一a?food-related?word?like?cake?or?a?neutral?word?like?boat.?Each?word?appeared?too?briefly?for?the?participant?to?really?read?it.?Hungry?people?saw?the?food-related?wor

8、ds?as?brighter?and?were?better?at?identifying?food-?related?words.?Because?the?word?appeared?too?quickly?for?them?to?be?reliably?seen,?this?means?that?the?difference?is?in?perception,?not?in?thinking?processes,?Radel?says.?aThis?is?something?great?to?me.?Humans?can?really?perceive?what?they?need?or?

9、what?they?strive?for.?From?the?experiment,?I?know?that?our?brain?can?really?be?at?the?disposal?of?our?motives?and?needs,，?Radel?says.?词汇：threshold?n.起点，开端；门槛disposal?!.处理处置配置n e utra l?a d j.中性的；中立的m o ti ve?n.动机，目的stri ve?v.努力，力求斗争注释：1.?O ur?se n se s?a re n?t?j ust?d e l i ve ri n g?a?stri c t?vi

10、e w?o f?这个句子的大概意思是我们的五官感觉不?i n?o ur?h e a d s:仅仅让我们感知世界五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。2.?U n i ve rsi ty?o f?N i c e?S o ph i a-A n ti po l i s:法国尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学，1 9 6 5年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚?安提波利斯市（S o ph i a V A n ti po l i s）、戛纳市（C a n n e s）和芒东市（M e n to n）设有校区。索菲亚?安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多高等学

11、府的所在地。3 .?b o d y?m a ss?i n d e x:身体质量指数 职称英语考试通关新策略如何用技巧颠覆.职称英语课程概 .4.?a t?t h e?t h r e s h o l d?o f:当?快要开始时5.?i n?p e r c e p t i o n：感知6.?a t?t h e?d i s p o s a l?o f:受到?？的控制练习：1.?W h a t?d o e s?t h e?n e w?s t u d y?m e n t i o n e d?i n?P a r a g r a p h?l?f i n d?A?l l u n g r y?p e o p l

12、 e?s e e?e v e r y?w o r d?m o r e?c l e a r l y?t h a n?o r d i n a r y?p e o p l e.?B?H u n g r y?p e o p l e?a r e?a l w a y s?t h i n k i n g?o f?f o o d-r e l a t e d?w o r d s.?C?H u n g r y?p e o p l e?a r e?m o r e?s e n s i t i v e?t o?f o o d-r e l a t e d?w o r d s?t h a n?s t o m a ch-f

13、u l l?p e o p l e.?D?H u n g r y?p e o p l e?d o?n o t?h a v e?l o w e r-l e v e l?o f?t h i n k i n g?p r o c e s s.?2.?W h y?w a s?t h e r e?a?d e l a y?o n?t h e?d a y?o f?t h e?e x p e r i m e n t?A?Be c a u s e?h u n g r y?p e o p l e?n e e d e d?t i m e?t o?f i l l?t h e i r?s t o m a c h.?B?B

14、e c a u s e?R a d e l?w a n t e d?t o?c r e a t e?t w o?g r o u p s?o f?t e s t e e s,?h u n g r y?a n d?no n-h u n g r y.?C?Be c a u s e?n o o n?w a s?n o t?t h e?r i g h t?t i m e?f o r?a n y?e x p e r i m e n t.?D?Because?Radel?needed?time?to?select?participants?in?terms?of?body?mass?index.?3.?Wh

15、at?does?the?writer?want?to?tell?us?A?Human s?senses?arent?just?delivering?a?strict?view?of?whats?going?on?in?the?world.?BVWhat s?perceived?by?our?senses?affects?our?way?of?thinking.?C?Human?brains?can?really?be?at?the?disposal?of?our?motives?and?needs.?D?Thinking?processes?guarantee?the?normal?funct

16、ions?of?our?senses.?4.?What?did?the?results?of?the?experiment?indicate?A?80?words?flashed?on?the?screen?too?fast?for?the?participant?to?intentionally?perceive.?B?llungry?people?were?better?at?identifying?neutral?words.?C?People?who?had?just?eaten?were?better?at?identifying?food-related?words.?D?The?

17、participants?could?barely?perceive?what?they?needed?or?what?they?strived?for.?5.?What?can?we?infer?from?the?passage?A?42?participants?are?too?small?a?number?for?a?serious?investigation.?B?An?experiment?with?hungry?and?non-hungry?participants?is?not?reliable.?C?Our?thinking?processes?are?independent?

18、of?our?senses.?D?Humans?can?perceive?what?they?need?without?involving?high-level?thinking?processes.?答案与题解：l.?C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related?words比较清楚，选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A说的是e v e r y?w o r d,?所以不是答案。选项B和D文章中没有提到。2.?B答案的根据可在第三段找到。R a d e l为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请

19、他们1 0分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。R a d e l用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B是答案。3.?C?虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。4.?A第四段第三行中c o n s c i o u s l y与A项中的i n t e n t i o n a l l y是同义词。B项n e u t r a l意思为a中性的，,在本文中的意思是与food-related相对的，即a与食物不相关的，,因此是错误选择；?c?项不符合课文原意;?D项barely思为a仅仅，勉强，几乎没有,因此也不

20、符合句意。3?/?2 1?更 多 精 品 在 大 家！大 家 网，大 家 的！5.?D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D是答案。最后一段第二句的aH u m a n s?c a n?r e a l l y?p e r c e i v e?w h a t?t h e y?n e e d?o r?w h a t?t h e y?s t r i v e?f o r，为选择D?项提供了依据。参考译文第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的

21、人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如,贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些,这时高级思维活动已经介入了。雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3?4个小时。等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来其余的给1个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。

22、实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的8 0个字以1/3 0 0秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如a蛋糕;一类是中性词，比如a船。由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。雷戴尔说：a这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标

23、。该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。第十九篇M u si c a l?R o b o t?Co m p a n i o n?E n ha n c es?L i st en er?E x p eri en c e?S hi m i,?a?m u si c a l?c o m p a n i o n?dev el o p ed?b y?G eo rg i a?T ec hs?Cen t er?f o r?M u si c?T ec hn o l o g y,?rec o m m en ds?so n g s,?da n c es?t o?t he?b ea t?a

24、 n d?k eep s?t he?m u si c?p u m p i n g?b a sed?o n?l i st en er?f eedb a c k.?T he?sm a rt p ho n e-en a b l ed,?o n e-f o o t-t a l l?ro b o t?i s?b i l l ed?a s?a n?i n t era c t i v e?am u si c a l?f ri en d，,？aS hi m i?i s?desi g n ed?t o?c ha n g e?t he?w a y?t ha t?p eo p l e?en j o y?a n d?

25、t hi n k?a b o ut?t hei r?m u si c?sa i d?P ro f esso r?G i l?Weinberg,?the?robots?creator.?He?will?unveil?the?robot?at?the?June?27th?Google?I/0?conference?in?San?Francisco.?A?band?of?three?Shimi?robots?will?perform?for?guests,?dancing?in?sync?with?music?created?in?the?lab?and?composed?according?to?

26、its?movements.?Shimi?is?essentially?a?docking?station?with?a?abrain，?powered?by?an?Android?phone.?Once?docked,?the?robot?gains?the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities?of?the?users?mobile?device.?In?other?words,?if?theres?an?app，?for?that,?Shimi?is?ready.?For?instance,?by?using?the?phone，s?ca

27、mera?and?face-detecting?software9Shimi?can?follow?a?listener?around?the?room?and?position?its?aears，or?speakers,?for?optimal?sound.?Another?recognition?feature?is?based?on?rhythm?and?tempo.?If?the?user?taps?a?beat,?Shimi?analyzes?it,?scans?the?phones?musical?library?and?immediately?plays?the?song?th

28、at?best?matches?the?suggestion.?Once?the?music?startsShimi?dances?to?the?rhythm.?aMany?people?think?that?robots?are?limited?by?their?programming?instructions,?said?Music?Technology?Ph.?D.?candidate?Mason?Bretan.?aShimi?shows?us?that?robots?can?be?creative?and?interactive.?，Future?apps?in?the?works?w

29、ill?allow?the?user?to?shake?their?head?in?disagreement?or?wave?a?hand?in?the?air?to?alert?Shimi?to?skip?to?the?next?song?or?increase/decrease?the?volume.?The?robot?wi1l?also?have?the?capability?to?recommend?new?music?based?on?the?users?song?choices?and?provide?feedback?on?the?music?play?list.?Weinbe

30、rg?hopes?other?developers?will?be?inspired?to?create?more?apps?to?expand?Shimis?creative?and?interactive?capabilities.?aI?believe?that?our?center?is?ahead?of?a?revolution?that?will?see?more?robots?in?homes.，?Weinberg?said.?Weinberg?is?in?the?process?of?commercializing?Shimi?through?an?exclusive?lice

31、nsing?agreement?with?Georgia?Tech.?Weinberg?hopes?to?make?the?robot?available?to?consumers?by?the?2013?holiday?season.?If?robots?are?going?to?arrive?in?homes,?we?think?that?they?will?be?this?kind?of?machinessmall,?entertaining?and?fun，Weinberg?said.?aThey?will?enhance?your?life?and?pave?the?way?for?

32、more?intelligent?service?robots?in?our?lives.，词汇：pump?v.用抽水机抽不断播放（音乐）sc a n?v.扫描浏览sk i p?v.轻跳，跳跃sy n c?n.同步，同时；v.使同步t em p o?n.速度节奏注释：1.?G eo rg i a?T ec h:全称是G eo rg i a?I n st i t u t e?o f?T ec hn o l o g y,佐治亚理工学院，建于1885?年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学齿是美国南部最大的公立理工学院也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省理工学院(M I T)和加州理工学院(C

33、a l T ec h)O2.?p u m p:不断播放(音乐)。例如:T hi s?ra di o?st a t i o n?rec en t l y?p u m p s?o u t?p o p?m u si c.?(这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。)?3.?sm a rt p ho n e-en a b l ed:由智能手机系统支持的4.?i s?b i l l ed?a s:相当于i s?a dv ert i sed?a s,意为a被标榜为，O5.?do c k i n g?st a t i o n:?插接站扩充基座，扩展插口-6.?A n dro i d:（科幻小说里的）机器人。本文指

34、用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以L i n u s为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前A n dro i d?尚未有统一中文译名，国内较多人翻译成a安卓，或安致，o据2012年2月数据,?A n dro i d?占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额中国市场占有率为68.4%7.?dock:对 接8.?the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities:传感和音乐生成能力9.?app:应 用 程 序(application)?10.?if?the?user?taps?a?beat:如果用户打出某个(音乐)拍

35、子11.?in?the?works:正在准备阶段在进行中或准备中12.?intelligent?service?robots:智能服务型机器人练 习：1.?Which?of?the?following?is?NOT?true?according?to?the?first?three?paragraphs?A?Shimi?is?a?one-foot?tall?robot.?B?Shimi?is?the?creator?of?the?musical?companion.?C?Shimi?is?a?docking?station?with?aa?brain，?powered?by?an?Androi

36、d?phone.?D?Shimi?can?gain?the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities?of?the?users?mobile?device.?2.?What?does?Shimi?do?if?the?user?taps?a?beat?A?It?stores?the?beat?in?the?musical?library.?B?It?transmits?the?beat?to?the?docking?station.?C?It?positions?its?speakers?for?optimal?sound.?D?It?selects

37、?a?perfectly-matched?song?and?plays?it?in?sync?with?that?beat.?3.?Which?of?the?following?about?Shimi?is?true?A?Robots?are?limited?by?their?programming?instructions,?and?Shimi?is?no?exception.?B?Present?apps?allow?the?user?to?shake?their?head?to?alert?Shimi?to?skip?to?the?next?song.?C?Existing?apps?a

38、llow?the?user?to?wave?a?hand?to?alert?Shimi?to?turn?up/down?the?volume.?D?Shimi?can?be?creative?and?interactive.?4.?What?does?the?author?want?to?tell?us?A?The?research?center?is?developing?a?stronger?and?more?versatile?Shimi.?B?Weinberg?only?expects?staffs?from?Georgia?Tech.?to?develop?more?apps?for

39、?Shimi.?C?Shimi?is?not?yet?technologically?ready?for?commercialization.?D?Robots?such?as?Shimi?are?created?for?large?corporations?rather?than?h o m e s.?5.?W h i c h?o f?t h e?f o l l o w i n g?i s?W e i n b e r gs?a s s e r t i o n?A?S h i m i?a s?a?r o b o t i c?m u s i c a l?c o m p a n i o n?c a

40、 n?b e?a p p l i e d?t o?a l l?t y p e s?of?s m a r t?p h o n e s.?B?h u m a n?l i v e s?w i l l?b e?f i l l e d?w i t h?m o r e?f u n?i f?S h i m i?i s?g o i n g?t o?a r r iv e?i n?h o m e s.?C?S h i m i，s?c r e a t i v e?a n d?i n t e r a c t i v e?c a p a b i l i t i e s?a r e?a p p r e c i a t e

41、 d?b y?mo s t?o f?i t s?u s e r s.?D?W e i n b e r g?h a s?r e a c h e d?a n?a g r e e m e n t?w i t h?G e o r g i a?T e c h?t o?c o m m e r c i a l ize?S h i m i.?答案与题解：1.?B在前三段中均可找到与选项ACD相应的句子，强调S h i m i是一种电子设备；B与原文不符,?S h i m i不是该机器人的发明者,G i l?W e i n b e r g教授才是t h e?r o b o ts?c r e a t o ro2.

42、?D选项D简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句aIf?the?user?taps?a?beat,?Shimi?analyzes?it,?scans?the?phone，s?musical?!ibrary?and?immediately?plays?the?song?that?best?matches?the?suggestion，的意思f所以是答案。选项A、Bc都不符合上述句子的含义。3.?D选项A的意思与原文相反。虽然人们认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，但S h i m i却表现出具有创造能力和互动能力，所以A不是答案。选项D的意思与原文相同，因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序:?f u

43、t u r e?a p p s?i n?t h e?w o r k s,而选项B.C是指目前的应用程序，两者的表述均与原文有出入。4.?A第三段介绍S h i m i的多种功能，第四段和第五段说W e i n b e r g还在开发更多的应用程序来丰富S h i m i的功能，还希望其他研发者也参与开发，因此，A是答案。选项B说W e i n b e r g?仅仅希望G e o r g i a?T e c h员工参与开发更多的应用软件，这与原文不符。文章最后一段告诉我们,W e i n b e r g正在与G e o r g i a?T e c h进行有关S h i m i商业化的谈判选项C的

44、意思与此相反，不会是答案。选项D也与原文不符。5.?B选项A、C和D的内容W e i n b e r g都没有说过。第三段告诉我们，S h i m i是A n dr o i d?s m a r t?p h o n e的扩充基座，并不适用于所有智能手机，所以A选项不正确；S h i m i尚未进入市场，还谈不上公众对S h i m i欣赏与否的问题，因此选项C不符合原意；S h i m i正在进行商业化运作，但绝非已经完成，所以D也不是正确选项。本题的答案是B,依据是最后一段倒数第二句。参考译文第十九篇音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验S h i m i是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴

45、侣。它可以根据听者的反馈推荐合乎节拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不断播放音乐。这款高1英尺的机器人是由智能手机系统支持的，因此被标榜为a一个可以互动的音乐朋友，OG i l?W ei nb er g教授是该机器人的发明者，他解释说：aShi m i设计的宗旨是改变人们欣赏音乐、认识音乐的方式。，他将在今年6月2 7日在旧金山的谷歌I/O大会上展示这款机器人。一个由三个机器人组成的乐队将为来宾演奏，并伴随音乐起舞。而音乐是根据不同的运动形式编制的。Shi m i实际上是一个扩充基座，它的a大脑，由安卓手机控制。一旦连接上，机器人便从用户的移动装置获得传感和音乐生成能力。换言之，只要有应用程序，机器人便能使用。例如,通过手机的照相机和辨认脸型的软件，Shi m i就能在房间周围跟踪到听众，然后安置好它的a耳朵或扬声器，以确保输送最佳声音。另外一种识别特征是基于节奏和速度。如果用户打出某个（音乐）拍子，Shi m i会对此进行分析，然后浏览手机的音乐库，并立即演奏最符合要求的音乐。一旦音乐响起来，Shi m i就随韵律起舞。