2020新高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题强化训练.pdf

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1、2020新高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题强化训练细节理解题直接细节题细节理解题综合细节题推理判断题推断隐含意义题推理判断题观点态度题推理判断题写作意图题推理判断题文章出处或读者对象题主旨大意题标题归纳题主旨大意题文章大意题主旨大意题段落大意题词句猜测题词义猜测题词句猜测题代词指代题词句猜测题句意猜测题细节理解题直接细节题（建 议 用 时：25分 钟）A（2019 河 北 石 家 庄 二 中 高 三 模 拟 考 试）Bom in the State of New York onMay 14th,1984,Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success.In his h

2、igh schoolyears,he was considered one of top students in the class,before moving into thearts,sciences,and literature,again picking up high marks and receivingacademic praise.It earned him admission to Harvard University.As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student,he created a website called Facema

3、sh in theuniversityan instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based onappearance.The site was controversial fbr several reasons.The first was its illegal use of photographs,which the university and students took issue with.The second was its controversial natureno

4、tevery student likes being ranked based on their appearance.The third was its huge resourceusewhile it was hosted on Harvard servers,it was the most popular page in the university s entirenetwork.Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut the site down,but its popularity and controversy had madehim consider

5、 its future potential.He soon turned the simple site into a personal one fbr Harvardstudents,encouraging them to network with their peers at the college.It was then,together with histwo friends,that they launched“The Facebook，which immediately spread to other colleges andgrew into a public service t

6、hat anyone could access in the United States,whether to network withfriends and family,or to play games.The company has been criticized frequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberg has remained true to hisinitial vision一to create a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easilywith one

7、 another and to keep the user experience clean and pure.The end result is one of the worldsbiggest online businesses.Although its true value is debatable,its safe to say that Facebook.,and its creator MarkZuckerberg,are two of the twenty-first century?s most influential,controversial,and potentially

8、powerful figures.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了 Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。1.What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?A.He was often praised by teachers for the website he created.B.He had good academic performance.C.He alone created a website called Facebook.D.He enco

9、uraged students to set up business like him.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句In his high school years,he was considered one oftop students in the class,before moving into the arts,sciences,and literature,again picking up highmarks and receiving academic praise.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg 在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。2.Why did Zu

10、ckerberg shut the site down?A.Because his website was not popular.B.Because he was doubted for the way he used photographs.C.Because he needed time to reconsider his choice.D.Because he stole resource on Harvard server.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句The first was its illegal use of photographs,whichthe universi

11、ty and students took issue with.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。3.Which words can best describe Zuckerberg?A.Easy-going and smart.B.Quiet and shy.C.Talented and outgoing.D.Rebellious and creative.D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student,hecreated a website called Facemash in t

12、he university v 可知，Zuckerberg 是一个叛逆的学生，并且在学生时期就创建了网站。由此可推知，Zuckerberg是叛逆的和有创造性的。故D项正确。4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Mark Zuckerberg and His FacebookB The Foundation of FacebookC.A Talent from Harvard UniversityD.The Development of FacebookA 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了 Zuckerberg在创建网站的过程中遇到的困

13、难以及他努力克服所遇困难的过程，A项适合作本文的标题。故A项正确。长 难 句 分 析 It was then,together with his two friends,that they launched TheFacebook”,which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyonecould access in the United States,whether to network with friends and family,or to play games.（第四段

14、第三句）分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It was.that构成强调句；w hich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Facebook;第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public serviceo译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了he Facebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。B（2019河南六市高三第一次联考）While weather forecasters can makefairly accurate predictions,there s always t

15、he risk that you 1 1 be caught outwhile driving in the rain.But the days of having to quickly close your sunroofcould soon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguar Land Rovers latesttechnology.The firm is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs orstarting the heater

16、if they detect bad weather is on the way.The weather forecasting system uses a setof air pressure,humidity（湿度）and light sensors（传感器）to help its vehicles predict changes inconditions and adapt to them.Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the airconditioning if it finds the weath

17、er is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabintemperature if it will get colder.The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather conditions,such as rain,within a period of time,such as five minutes.The vehicle may then adapt to the local weatherconditions.In parti

18、cular,it may close one or more windows,or close a roof of the vehicle inresponse to a forecast of rain.Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic（电致变色的）glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.Although it s unclear whether this technology will make its way to a produc

19、tion vehicleanytime soon,such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles.Since there s nohuman driver present,the system will allow the vehicle to make it comfortable for its passengers,based on current weather conditions.It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow iscomin

20、g.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。5.How will Jaguar Land Rovers latest technology benefit drivers?A.Vehicles can automatically drive themselves.B.Vehicles can find positions and routes themselves.C.Vehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.D.

21、Vehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 The weather forecasting system uses a set of airpressure,humidity（湿度）and light sensors（传感器）to help its vehicles predict changes in conditionsand adapt to them.,可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故 选C。6.Wh

22、at is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the new technology?A.It can help adjust the temperature.B.It can still be clear in rainy days.C.It is too strong to break into pieces.D.Its colour can change with the sunshine.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Similarly windows could be darkened usingelectrochromic

23、（电致变色的）glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.”可 次 口，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。7.What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the text?A.It is intelligent enough to stop raining.B.It makes the driver more comfortable.C.It can t predict the weather accurately.D.It ma

24、kes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后 一 o7ctIt can also make the vehicle safer if it knowsrain or snow is coming.“可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故 选D。8.Where might the text be taken from?A A book review.B.A science report.C.A science fiction.D.A travel brochure.B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文

25、章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故 选B。长难句分析 While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions,there*s alwaysthe risk that you II be caught out while driving in the rain.（第一段 第一句）分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；youll be caught out while drivingin the rain是同位语从句，说 明risk的内容。译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，

26、但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。C（2019昆明高三复习诊断）Whore happier,men or women?Research shows its a complexquestion and that asking whether males or females are happier isn,t really that helpful,becausebasically,happiness is different for women and men.Womens happiness has been declining for the past 30 years,accordin

27、g to recent statistics.Andresearch shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men.Gender（性另lj）differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological,psychological and social factors contribute to the differences.Early studies on gender an

28、d happiness found men and women were socialized to expressdifferent feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness,warmth and fear,which help withsocial bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver,whilemen display more anger,pride and disrespect,which are

29、 more consistent with a protector andprovider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially,but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of thebrain containing mirror neurons（镜像神经元）than males when

30、 they process feelings.Mirrorneurons allow us to experience the world from other peoples view,to understand their actions andintentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experiencemore negative feelings,such as more guilt,shame and to a lesser degree,embarrassmen

31、t.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger,women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings moreopenly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciationwhichhas been linked t

32、o greater happiness.This supports the theory that womens happiness is moredependent on relationships than mens.【解题导语】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。9.Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?A.Warmth.B.Depression.C.Happiness.D.Disrespect.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display

33、 more anger,pride anddisrespect可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故 选D。10.What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?A.Psychological factors.B.Biological factors.C.Educational factors.D.Social factors.A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。11.One can probably read th

34、e text f r om.A a science fiction B.a culture brochureC.a nursery guide D.a health magazineD 解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故 选D项。12.What is the text mainly about?A.Men and women differ in biology and psychology.B.Men and women experience happiness differentl

35、y.C.Social roles have a great effect on men and women.D.Women s happiness has declined in the past years.B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。长难句分析 Gender4性 另U）differences in depression are well confirmed and studies havefound that biological,psychological and social factors co

36、ntribute to the differences 第二段第三句）分析：本句是一个由 and 连接的并列句。that biological,psychological and social factorscontribute to the differences 为 that 引导的宾语从句。译文：抑郁症的性别差异已得到充分证实，而且研究发现，生理、心理和社会因素造成了这些差异。细节理解题综合细节题（建 议 用 时:25分钟）A（2019合肥高三第二次质量检测）A simple project to help a family in need stopped LukeMickelson i

37、n his tracks.In 2012,he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed,onebed on top of the other,after learning there were local children who slept on the floor.Shocked todiscover how widespread this need was in his community,Mickelson founded Sleep in HeavenlyPeace,a nonprofit that bu

38、ilds and delivers beds to children in need.Born and raised in Idaho,Mickelson,now 41,had a thriving career.He coached his kids,sports teams and fished in the nearby river.But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor,his peaceful life changed course.Using safety guidelines and his daughter

39、,s bunk bed as a model,Mickelson started buyingwood and supplies to build beds with his own money.He recruited friends and family members tohelp around the holidays.As the word spread,interest and involvement from his and othercommunities floodedalong with Mickelson,s bunk bed output.That first proj

40、ect,we built 11bunk beds in my garage,“he said.The next year,we did 15.Then it doubled every year.In 2017,we built 612 bunk beds.”With the motto“No kid sleeps on the floor in our town，the nonprofit and its more than 65branches have built and delivered more than I，500 free beds to children across Ame

41、rica.But alongwith the rapid growth,Mickelson was faced with a tough choice:advancing his career or hisnonprofit.He chose the latter and went from making“great money to zero money”.Hes neverlooked back.I found that the need I have isnt financial,w he said.The need I have is seeing thejoy on kids9 fa

42、ces,knowing that I can make a difference.v【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Mickelson为了让自己社区的无床可睡的孩子们能够有床睡觉，成立了 一个公益组织“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”。1.Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?A.To help the poor children.B.To make a big fortune.C.To inspire his community.D.To get more donations.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段，尤其是最

43、后一句中的“Mickelson founded Sleep inHeavenly Peace,a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need”可知，Mickelson 创建这个非营利组织是为了帮助贫困儿童。2.What do we know about Luke Mickelson?A.He had his own fish farm.B.He changed his career from time to time.C.He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.D

44、.He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是最后一句But when he met children who weresleeping on the floor,his peaceful life changed course.n 可知，Mickelson 一开始过着轻松、舒适的生活。3.How did other people react to Mickelsons project?A.They showed little interest in it.B.They were supportive a

45、nd involved in it.C.They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.D.They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的He recruited friends and family members to helparound the holidays.As the word spread,interest and involvement from his and other communitiesflooded”可 次 口，Mic

46、kelson的朋友和其他家庭成员都来帮忙，随着消息的传播，更多人参与进来，由此可知，人们对Mickelson创建的这个组织非常支持，并且积极参与。4.What is Mickelson s attitude to the nonprofit?A.Ambiguous.B.Defensive.C.Cautious.D.Positive.D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段，尤其是The need I have.make a difference.”可知，Mickelson想要看到孩子们脸上的喜悦，他知道他在做一些有影响的事；由此可推知，他对这个组织持积极的态度。长难句分析 Shocked to di

47、scover how widespread this need was in his community,Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace,a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children inneed.（第一段最后一句）分析：本句是一个复合句。句中含有how引导的从句，作discover的宾语；“that builds anddelivers beds to children in need”为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a nonprofit”,that 在从句中充当主语。

48、译 文：Mickelson震惊地发现，这种需求在他的社区如此普遍，于是他创建了 Sleep inHeavenly Peace一个为有需要的儿童建造并运送床的非营利组织。B（2019安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次联考）The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work,courage,creativity and determination,they can achieve a better life forthemselves.More

49、 specifically,they agree on how to get ahead in America:get a college education,find a reliable job,and buy their own house.But do Americans still believe in that path,and if theydo,is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream,what ittakes to ach

50、ieve their goal,and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful.Obviously,the results show that today,the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve itlooks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.Generally speaking,people felt that theiractions