新概念英语第一册语法及专项练习.pdf

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1、新概念英语第一册语法点归纳新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析:本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态,这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson 313 4 现在进行时Lesson 374 0 第一次出现be going t o 的将来时Lesson 5156 一般现

2、在时Lesson 677 6 为一般过去式Lesson 83-9 0 为现在完成时Lesson 9196 为一般将来时(will)Lesson 117118过去进行时Lesson 119120过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课,每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson 12语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me.Yes?Pardon?Thank youvery much.语法点:主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般

3、疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is thisyour handbag?Yes,it is.Lesson 56语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont.Nice to meet you,语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French.He is German.I f sa Volvo.(L6)a/an的使用。Lesson 78语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?What nationality are you?Whaf s your jo b?特殊疑问句。Lesson 910语言点：朋友

4、或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。介词短语表示位置 near the window,on the televion,on the wallLesson 2930语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈 使 句（肯定）。动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson 3738语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。There b e 句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson 41-42语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson 63-64语言点：建议忠告。语法点：don t do.You mustn t do

5、Lesson 65-66语法点：具体时间表示法（半点和刻钟）。反身代词。具体日期表达方式。Lesson 73-74语言点：问路。语法点：不规则动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。Lesson 77-78语言点：看病。语法点：综合时间表达方式。Lesson 105-106语言点：办公室用语。语 法 点:want sb to do-./tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104语言点：考试。语法点：宾语从句。（从句部分为非现在时态）程度副词 too,very,enoughLesson 125-126语言点：/语法点：have to do-/don t need to do-

6、Lesson 127-128语言点：娱乐界.语法点：must/can t 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 129-130语言点：交通状况。语法点：must/can,t have been.对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。Lesson 131-132语言点：度假。语法点：m ay对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：现在完成时：Lesson 8390直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99102形容词的比较级和最高级：Lessonl07112neither,so 的用法：Lesson 113114不定代词的用法：Lesson 115-116过去进行和过去完成时：Le

7、sson 117-120定语从句：Lesson 121124情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125-132直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133-136（着重讲时态的倒推）if 的用法：Lesson 137140被动语态：Lesson 1411441）代词及be动词主格 I we you you she/he/it they宾格 me us you you her/him/it them代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名词，性 彳 弋 词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe 动词现在时 Am

8、 are are are is arebe 动词过去时 was were were were was were2）名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则 1 一般情况+s e.g.shelHshells toy-toys规贝!2 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾+es e.g.fox-foxes church-churches规则3 以。结尾+s 或+es e.g.radioradios potato-*potatoes规则4 以 f,fe 结尾的，变 f,fe 为 ves e.g.lifelives half-halves规则5 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es e.g.skyskies

9、 studystudies3）动词的第三人称单数形式规则 1-一般情况+s e.g.like-likes,look-looks规则2 以 s,x,ch,sh 和 o 结尾+es e.g.do-does,catch-catches规则3 以辅音字母+y 结 尾,变 y 为 i+es e.g.carry-carries,fly-flies4）动词现在分词规贝！Jl 一般动词力口-ing e.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing规则2以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e 加-ing e.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arrivi

10、ng规则3 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双 写 辅 音 字 母 再 加-ing e.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping5）动词过去式规则动词变化规贝！|1 一般动词力口-ed e.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played规则2 以 e 结尾的加-d e.g.make-maked,arrive-arrived规则3以辅音字母y 结尾的变y 为 i 加-ed cry-cried,carry-carried规则4 重读闭音节词

11、结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped过去式的读音在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/e.g.walked,jumped在浊辅音和元音后读/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/,/d/后读/id/e.g.waited,hated6）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级规贝！11 一般加-er e.g.high-higher规则2以 e 结尾加-r nice-nicer规则3以辅音字母加y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加-er busy-busier规则4重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter最高级规则 1

12、一般加-est e.g.high-highest规则2以 e 结尾加-st nice-nicest规则3以辅音字母加y 结 尾,变 y 为 i 再加-est busy-busiest规则4 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加一est fat-fattest7）常见缩写：is=s I am=rm are=reis not=isnt/iznt/are not=arent/a:nt/do not=dontdoes not=doesntwas=sdid not=didntcan not=canthave=vehas=shave not=haventhas not=hasntwill=llwill not

13、=wontshall not=shant直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词1）时态变化：一般现在时-般过去时现在进行时一一过去进行时一般过去时-过去完成时现在完成时-过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going to-was/were going to/wouldcancouldmaymight2）时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there,tomorrow-the next day,the following day,this-that-3）人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4）直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直

14、接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.（me 间接宾语，a book 直接宾语）直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to 或 for：主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give me a book.=Give the book to me.Send him a letter.=Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.=Show the new dress to him

15、.倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg:He can swim.So can I.She didnt go to class.Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语助动词：一般现在时：do,does/am,is,are现在进行时：am,is,are一般过去时：did现在完成时：have,has一般将来时：will,shall过去进行时：was,were过去完成时：had过去将来时：would新概念英语第一册语法汇总新概念英语第一册语法（一）一般现在时新概念英语第一册语法（二）现在进行时新概念英语

16、第一册语法（三）一般过去时新概念英语第一册语法（四）现在完成时新概念英语第一册语法（五）一般将来时新概念英语第一册语法（六）过去完成时新概念英语第一册语法（七）过去进行时新概念英语第一册语法（八）过去招来时新概念英语第一册语法（九）问句新概念英语第一册语法（十）限定词新概念英语第一册语法（十一）：名词新概念英语第一册语法（十二）:副词新概念英语第一册语法（十三）：情态动词新概念英语第一册语法（十四）：need用法新概念英语第一册语法（十五）：不定代词及不定副词新概念英语第一册语法（十六）：感叹句新概念英语第一册语法（十七法祈使句新概念英语第一册语法（十八法倒装句新概念英语第一册语法（十九法直接

17、引语/间接引语新概念英语第一册语法（二十法单复数现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across

18、 the river?变否定句在be动词后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词（必背）表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示

19、感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当“拥有 讲时没有进行时一、时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。1 含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be

20、动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Does he like books?Does s

21、he 1 ike him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn，t,动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。He doesn,t like books.She doesn,t like him.The dog doesn,t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesn t.Yes,she does.No,she doesn tYes,it does.No,it doesn t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词

22、I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students 1 ike smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加don t.You don,t want to have a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don,t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I do.No,I

23、 don t.Yes,we do.No,we don tYes,they do.No,they don,t.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereI was at the butcher s.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到

24、句首Were you at the butcher s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she w

25、as.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?（必背）不含有b e 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录I f in is he d m y ho m e w o r k y e s t e r d a y.T he b o y w e n t t o a r e s t a u r a n t.T he S a w y e r s l iv e d a t K in g S t r e e t a y e a r a g o.变疑问句在句首加d i d,动词变为原型D id y o u f in is h y o u r ho m e w

26、 o r k y e s t e r d a y?D id t he b o y g o t o a r e s t a u r a n t?D id t he S a w y e r s l iv e a t K in g S t r e e t a y e a r a g o?变否定句在主语和动词之间加d id n o tI d id n o t f in is h m y ho m e w o r k y e s t e r d a y.T he b o y d id n o t g o t o a r e s t a u r a n t.T he S a w y e r s d id

27、n o t l iv e a t K in g S t r e e t a y e a r a g o.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,I d id.N o,I d id n t.Y e s,he d id.N o,he d id n,t.Y e s,t he y d id.N o,t he y d id n o t.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词ha v e,ha s+过去分词用法：2）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常 和 j u s t,u s u a l l y,a l r e a d y,等时间副词连用I ha v e j u s t ha d l u n c h.（饱了，不用再吃

28、了）H e ha s ha d a c u p o f t e a.（不渴了，不用再喝）T he y ha v e a l r e a d y ha d t he ir ho l id a y.（不能再度假了）T he b o y ha s a l r e a d y r e a d t he b o o k.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）3）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：s in c eH a v e y o u f in is he d y o u r ho m e w o r k?H a v e y o u b e e n t o B e ij in g?H a v e he

29、 s e e n t he f il m?4）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I ha v e l iv e d in B e ij in g f o r t w e n t y y e a r s.I ha v e w o r k e d f o r t his s c ho o l f o r 1 y e a r.8）表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I ha v e n e v e r ha d a b a t h.I ha v e n e v e r s e e n a f il m.I ha v e n e v e r b e e n t o c in e m a.I

30、 ha v e e v e r b e e n t o P a r is.H a v e b e e n t o 表示去过，ha v e g o n e t o 表示去了I ha v e b e e n t o L o n d o n.（人已经回来）H e ha s g o n e t o L o n d o n.（人还在那里）H）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用I ha v e l o s t m y p e n.I ha v e hu r t m y s e l f.H e ha s b e c o m e a t e a c he r.S he ha s b r o k e n m y

31、 he a r t.句型变化：变疑问句招助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加n o t.e.g.H a v e y o u l o s t y o u r p e n?I ha v e n o t l o s t m y p e n.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,I ha v e.N o,I ha v e n o t.特殊疑问句：W ha t ha v e y o u d o n e?W ha t ha s he d o n e?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I ve

32、 left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days一般将来时表示将来招要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词wi 11+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after

33、 the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句揩助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month a

34、fter the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had

35、 sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。5 变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?6 变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadn?t finished her homework.7 肯定回答及否定回答Yes,she had.No,she hadn,t.8 特殊疑问句：What had she done?第二部分过去进

36、行时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.过去将来时结 构:would doShe said she would go here the next morning.两个 特殊句型：there b e 句型，be going t o

37、 结构1)Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+going to+动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句招be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?

38、变否定句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I am not.Y e s,t he y a r e.N o,t he y a r e n o t.Y e s,he is.N o,he is n o t.特殊疑问句W ha t a r e y o u g o in g t o d o?W ha t a r e t he y g

39、o in g t o d o?W ha t is t he f a t he r g o in g t o d o?（必背）2）T he r e b e 句型表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物）T he r e is+单数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）T he r e is a b o o k in t his r o o m.T he r e is a p e n o n t he t a b l eT he r e a r e+复数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）T he r e a r e t w o p e n s o n t he t a b l e.T he r e a r

40、e t hr e e s c ho o l s t he r e.变疑问句将b e 动词移到句首Is t he r e a b o o k in t his r o o m?A r e t he r e t w o p e n s o n t he t a b l e?变否定句在动词后面加n o tT he r e is n o t a b o o k in t his r o o m.T he r e a r e n o t t w o p e n s o n t he t a b l e.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,t he r e is.N o,t he r e is n o t.Y

41、e s,t he r e a r e.N o,t he r e a r e n o t.新概念英语第一册语法总结（九）：问句0 9:3 5:0 2问句一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1）一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher?Do you want to have a cup of tea?2）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?3）选择疑问句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4）反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You don t need

42、 that pen,do you?5）否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词Aren,t you lucky?Don t you want have a rest?新概念英语第一册语法总结（十）：限定词限定词：some,any,many,much,some,a ny修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句,注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some,many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用a lot o f,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.I have a lot of money.I don t have

43、much money.新概念英语第一册语法总结（十一）：名词名词：种类，复数，名词所有格名词分为可数名词和不可数名词D 不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness（寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：,不能用a,an修饰,不能加s和单数b e 动词或动词搭配2)可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式规则 1 一般情况+s e.g.s he l l-s he l l s b o o k-b o o k s规 贝 以 s,x,c h,s h

44、 结尾+e s e.g.f o x-*f o x e s c hu r c hc hu r c he s,b u s-a b u s e s,w a t c h-*w a t c he s规贝!J 3 以。结尾+s 或+e s e.g.p o t a t o-*p o t a t o e s,N e g r o f N e g r o e s,he r o-*he r o e s,t o m a t o-t o m a t o e s,(口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)，剩下一般加s,r a d io-*r a d io s规则 4 以 f,f e 结尾的，变 f,f e 为 v e s e.

45、g.l if e-o l iv e s ha l f ha l v e s,s he l f she l v e s,c it y c it ie s,w if e-*w iv e s规 则 5以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y为 i+e s e.g.s k y-s k ie s f l y-f l ie s3)不规则变化的名词复数形式m a n(m e n)w o m a n(w o m e n)f o o t(f e e t)g o o s e(g e e s e)t o o t h(t e e t h)0c hil d (c hil d r e n)s he e p (s he e p)d e

46、 e r (d e e r)m o u s e(m ic e)f is h(f is h)新概念英语第一册语法总结(十二)：副词0 9:3 6:5 2副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：T he b o o k is v e r y g o o d.H e r u n s f a s t.S he c a m e he r e q u it e e a r l y.C e r t a in l y I w il l g o w it h y o u.副词变化形式：直接在形容词后加T y,c a r e f u l-c a r e f u l l y,s

47、l o w-s l o w l y,以辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词，把 y 变 L 加T y,ha p p y-ha p p il y,l u c k y-l u c k il y有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化f a s t,ha r d,l a t e有些词加上Ty后意思与原词相差很远：n e a r y-n e a r l y,hig h-hig hl y,l a t e-l a t e l y新概念英语第一册语法总结（十三）：情态动词0 9:3 7:3 5情态动词的使用：c a n,m u s t,m a y,m ig ht,n e e d,1）情态动词c a n （能够）

48、，m u s t （必须），m a y （可以）结构：主语+c a n/m u s t/m a y+动词原型H e c a n m a k e t he t e a.S a l l y c a n a ir t he r o o m.W e c a n s p e a k E n g l is h.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首C a n he m a k e t he t e a?C a n S a l l y a ir t he r o o m?C a n w e s p e a k E n g l is h?变否定句在情态动词后面加n o tH e c a n n o t m a k e t

49、 he t e a.S a l l y c a n n o t a ir t he r o o m.W e c a n n o t s p e a k E n g l is h.肯定回答及否定回答Y e s,he c a n.N o,he c a n n o t.Y e s,s he c a n.N o,s he c a n n o t.Y e s,w e c a n.N o,w e c a n n o t.特殊疑问句：What can you do?（必背）注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2）Must/have to 的区别must表示必须，是主观上

50、觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3）must,may,might 表示猜测：must d o表示对现在事实的猜测,must have done表示对过去事实的猜测,must have been doing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测 may/might do,may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。5,can,t/couldn t 表示不可能新概念英语第一册语法总结（十四）：need用法09:38:09need用法：表 示“需要”时为