2021小升初英语总复习第六讲被动语态知识点讲解+练习.pdf

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1、第六讲:被动语态一、【考点解读】动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要内容，因此在小升初英语考试中作为衔接内容而出现，对于准初中生而言是难点和易错点。因此希望小升初的学生能认真结合解读，仔细把握被动语态的学习要领，结合小升初的最新模拟真题，做到融会贯通，举一反三。二、【知识讲解】知识点1被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例 如:The man was fooled by the two

2、boys.The book has been translated into several languages.二、被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例 如：Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.The new test book will be used next term.(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例 如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was cau

3、ght by a policeman yesterday.(3)含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变,变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词t。或 for。例 如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was given to thepupils by the pianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、w

4、atchs hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加t。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上t。列如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.They were made to work ten hours a day.A boy saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house.三、被动语态中谓语动词的原形是be+doneb e随着时态的变化而发生变化。以下是主动语态和被动语态中谓语动词的形式：名称主动语态谓语动词形式被动语态谓语动词形式一般现在时态v/vsAm/is/a

5、re+done一般过去时态VedWas/were+done一般将来时态Will+vWill be+done现在进行时态Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done现在完成时态Have/has+过去分词Have/has been+done2）情态动词情态动词主动语态被动语态can(not)may(not)+do sth+be donemust(not)常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.)that.大家 同 意(相信、决定、希望、认 为)It is(was)well known that.众所周知

6、It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that 务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that 千万别忘记.It is(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that 据说(报道、听说、告知、建议 )注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：-,带有感官动词和使役动词的句子如何变被动语态动词主动形式被动形式letlet sb do sth（sb）be let to do sthmakemake sb do sth（sb）be made to do sthseesee

7、 sb do sth（sb）be seen to do sthwatchwatch sb do sth（sb）be watched to do sthhearhear sb do sth（sb）be heard to do sth二.有些动词没有被动语态。（及物动词才有被动语态）1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,end（vi.结束），fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreak out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place

8、.2）系动词无被动语态：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agree with,arrive at/in,shake handswith,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to4）系动词无被动语态：appear,be,become,fa

9、ll,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。I want to go now.三,主动表示被动的几种情况1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。这本书销路很好。This book sells well.这本小说读起来很有趣。This novel reads well.肉很容易切。Meat cuts easily.此类词还有 lock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含

10、被动之意。The book is printing.=The book is being printed.The house is building.=The house is being buill.3)介词短语作表语，主动表示被动。The question is now under discussion.The fire was finally under control.All these old buildings are under repairs.三、【典例探究】【例题】：()1 .The Olympic Games every four years.A are held B we

11、re held C.are holding D.will hold()2.In the art show,a lot of laughter to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings.A.is giving B was given C will give Dhas give()3.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.It in many schools aroundthe world.A.teaches B.is teaching C.has taught D.is taught()4.B

12、a Jin,one of the greatest writers in Ch i n a,a s “Peoples Writer,.A.is regarded B.has regarded C.is regarding D.regards()5.Usually computers to search the Internet.A.use B.are using C.are used D.used()6.-Do you often clean your classroom?Ye s.our classroom every day.A.it cleans B.we are cleans C.we

13、 clean一般现在时11答案 A。解析 考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了 B、C、D。2 答案1B。解析 本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3 答案JD。解析 考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4 答案 A。解析1 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5 答案 C。解析 从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。6 答案 C。解析 考查被动语态物

14、作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。()7.Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smells terrible?-Yes.In fact,it_.Thats all because of the factories around.A.polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was pollute()8.Our environment is getting worse than before.YouYe right.But thanks to Earth Day,people have

15、 done more and more toprotect(保护)the earth.A.is started B.was started C.has started()9.We into five groups to go to the old peoples home.We did many things tocheer them up.A.divided B.are divided C.were divided一般过去时7 答案 B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。8 答案1B。解析 从句意：“自从 地球日 开始以来，人们已做了一些越

16、来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was slaved故选 B。9 答案 C。解析 本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句 We did many things.可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练 习 1】I.Choose the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)1.Over$30,000 for a children,hospital by a British girl several months ago.A)is raised B)was raised

17、 C)will be raised D)has been raised2.Em sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon.A)madeB)will makeC)were madeD)will be made3.Many houses in the big fire a few days ago.What a shame!A)were damaged B)damage C)were damaging D)damaged4.That building is part of Shanghais history.It

18、 many years ago.A)built B)builds C)is built D)was built5.Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear.A)pull down B)will be pulled down C)will pull down D)are pulleddown6.When you leave the room,make sure the door.A)was locked B)is locked C)will be locked D)should b

19、elocked7.Half of the Beijings private cars off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.A)order B)are ordered C)ordered D)were ordered8.The girls how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well.A)were taught B)will be taught C)are taught D)have beentaught9.Tom and his sister to the barbecue last S

20、aturday.They were very happy.A)have invited B)were invited C)were inviting D)invited10.Do you believe there are aliens?Fm afraid not.I dont think aliens in space.A)can find B)can be found C)can be founded D)cant be found11.Few students can understand the sentence until it twice or three times.A)expl

21、ains B)is explained C)will be explained D)has explained12.People say the subway building in Harbin in a few years.Sounds.I have never seen it before.A)will finish;interesting B)is finished;interestedC)will be finished;interesting D)would be finished;interesting13.一I want to know when have a field tr

22、ip.Well have it when all the wor k.A)you are;will finishB)you will;finishesC)you will;is finished D)you will;is finish14.Oh,this is really a big shop.Do you know when it?A)built B)was built C)has built D)has been built15.Susan,why are you still here?They are all ready to start.Um sorry,but I when to

23、 meet.A)dont tell B)didnt tell C)havent told D)wasnt told16.The thief on the scene when he was trying to get away with the necklace.A)will be caught B)is caught C)was caught D)has beencaught17.Black tea in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way to keep tea fresh.A)invented B)was invented C)is invent

24、ed D)is inventing【答案】B;2.D;3.A;4.D5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.B;10.B;11.B;12.C;13.C;14.B;15.D;16.C;17.B【练习2】I.Fill in the blank with the given verb in the passive voice.1.Yangpu B r i d g e(b u i l d)in 1993.2.More mo n e y(s p e n d)on education next year.3.A lot of wa t e r(wa s t e )every year.It*s a serio

25、us problem.4.The newspaper said more good t e a c h e r s(s e n d)to Yunnan sometime next year.5.When we got to the top,the sun had risen.There we(t el l)to be earlier the nexttime.6.“Remember,n o b o d y(a l l o w)to eat or drink in the computer room,the assistantsaid to the new students.7.Large am

26、ounts of i n f o r m a t i o n(s t o r e)in the computer.8.By the time he got there,the c a r(p a i n t).9.The wounded s o l d i e r s(o p e r a t e)on now.10.Hundreds of the b o o k s(b o r r o w)from the library in the past three days.11.1(t el l)that Jim would come back from New York in two days.

27、12.The manager said the project by the end of the year,(complete)13.The workers told me that the car as soon as possible,(mend)14.When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets out.(sell)15.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death.He to be a great leader,(consider)16.After the party,so

28、me of the students picked up all the rubbish that on the floor ofthe hall.(drop)17.He is often made the table after dinner,(clean)【答案】1.was built;2.will be spent;3.is wasted 4.would be sent;5.are told;6.is allowed;7.is stored 8.had been painted;9.are operated;10.have been borrowed;11.was told 12.wou

29、ld be completed/would have been completed;13.would be mended;14.had been sold;15.had been considered;16.had been dropped;17,to clean【巩固】【练 习 11 The Peoples Republic of China_on October 1,1949.A.foundB.was foundedC.is founded D.was found2 English_ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is sp

30、oken3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sangC.is often sang D.is often sung4 This kind of car_ in Japan.A,makes B.made C.is making D.is made5 New computers_ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used答 案：L 5B D D D C【练习2】1 Our room must_clean.A.kee

31、p B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep2-Fd like to buy that coat.-Pm sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold3 A new house_ at the comer of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building4 The key_ on the table when I leave.A.was left B.will be left C.is left

32、 D.has been left5 Doctors_ in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need6 His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishingC.is being published D.has been published答 案：L 6B C B B C A【拔高】【练 习11 Japanese_in every country.A.is not spoken B.are spokenC.is speaking D

33、.is not speaking2 These papers_ yet.A.have not written B.have not been writtenC.has not written D.has not been written3 The sports meet_ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt答 案：1-3ABB【练 习2】1 -My shoes are worn out.A.Cant they be mended?B.Let me have a look at it.C.How much do they

34、cost?D.Cant they mended?2 the watch been repaired yet?I badly need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are3 _these desks be needed?A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do答 案：1-3ABA五、【课后巩固】【习 题1】1 Why_ to talk about it yesterday?A.didnt a meeting hold B.wasnt a meeting heldC.wasnt held a meeting D.a meeting wasnt held2 Who was t

35、he book_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.written by3 Where_ these boxes made?A.was B.were C.is D.am答 案：1-3 B D B【习 题2】1.How long at this job?Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employedC.had you been employed D.will you be employed2.一What happened to the priceless works of art?A.They were des

36、troyed in the earthquakeB.The earthquake was destroying themC.They destroyed in the earthquakeD.The earthquake destroyed them3.If city noises from increasing,people shout to be heard even at the dinnertable 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have toC.do not keep;will have t

37、o D.do not keep;have to4.一Do you like the material?Yes,it very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt5.1 need one more stamp before my c o l l e c t i o n.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed6.All the preparations for the t as k,and were ready to start.A.completed B.co

38、mplete C.had been completed D.have been completed7.Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.A.lose B.will be lost C.are lost D.will lose8.A new cinema here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built9.After the class,the students went out of the class

39、room one by one,but only MaryA.left B.had left C.was leaving D.was left10.The teacher told the students that they to be useful men to the country.A.were all expected B.were all expectingC.all were expected D.all expected11.He in a shower last night and got wet through.A.caught B.was caught C.had cau

40、ght D.caught up12.The thief when he was stealing a wallet from a woman.A.happened to notice B.was taken place to noticeC.was happened to be noticed D.happened to be noticed13.He and was made to repeat it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understoodC.wasnt understand D.wasnt understood14.The pupils here

41、all kinds of exercises every day in the past few weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doingC.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doing15.What were you doing when Tom came to see you?I on my overcoat and to visit a friend of mine.A.have just put;leaving B.was put;was leftC.had just put;was leavin

42、g D.was putting;left16.They said good-bye,hardly knowing that they again.A.were never met B.will never meet C.never met D.were never to meet17.What happened to the postman?一I dont know.He around here for a long time.A.hasn*t seen B.didnt see C.wasnt seen D.hasnt been seen18.Dont get that ink on your

43、 shirt,for it.A.wont wash out B.wont be washed outC.isnt washed out D.doesnt wash away19.一Do you know anyone in Paris?一No.Fil make friends onc e.A.Tm settled B.I have settled C.Ill be settled D.Tm settling20.Not having finished his h o m e w o r k,t o watch TV.A.Mother forbade him B.so he was forbid

44、denC.and he wanted D.he was forbidden21.Bob,you on the phone.A.are needed;Im coming B.are wanted;ComingC.are called;Ill come D.are rung up;Thanks22.E-mail,as well as t e l e p h o n e s,a n important part in daily communication.A.is being played B.are playing C.have played D.is playing23.Jackson to

45、work in government office though he hated serving there.A.wanted B.was wanted C.was wanting D.had wanted24.Your cough ought before it gets worse.A.to see B.to be seen C.to see to D.to be seen to25.Fm going away for the weekend.But you you out to dinner with me.A.say;will come B.say;cameC.said;would

46、come D.have said;will made26.1 dont know what decisions at the conference as John hasnt reported to me yet.A.would make B.will make C.are made D.were made27.一Would you have come to his help,had you been free?Yes.But I engaged.A.was B.were C.had been D.would be答 案：L B 从答语Since 1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，s

47、ince表示“从过去一直到现在“，因此本空用现在完成时。2.A 本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在the priceless works of art的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将 they放在主语的位置上，they与 destroy间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是A。3.A 在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还要注意city noises和 keep是被动关系4.C 从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选D 的考生有一些。而实际上feel是摸起来的意思，与后面的soft是系表结构。作为此意讲时，feel没有被动语态，也不可用作

48、进行时，故 A、D、B 项不可选。本题区分度为0.3 5 7,通过率为35%。5.D 该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而 complete与 collection构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故 D 最佳。本题区分度为0 4 5 1,通过率为41%。6.D All the preparations 与 complete 之间应为被动关系，故排除 A、B依据 were ready to start,故排除C。7.B此题是在if 引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故 B 为最佳。8.D 从后面的提示看

49、，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故 D 为最佳。9.D leave既可作 离开”解，又可作 留下“解。本题明显含有Mary被留在教室 里(by the teacher)”之意。10.A 此句用被动语态，表示“他们被期待、被指望，川常置于be动词或第一个助动词之后。IL B 表示“淋雨“、“碰上阵雨 时，若“雨”作主语，用主动形式，动词用catch；若 人“作主语,则用be caught in 结构。12.D happen,take place不用于被动语态，但 happen to（碰巧）之后的不定式可以用被动语态。本题的notice与主语thief是动宾关系，故用不定式的

50、被动形式。13.D 从 He.was made to repeat it可推断他的话未被理解，故用被动形式。14.D keep sb.busy doings sth.表示“使某人忙于，完成时的被动形式应为have been kept busy doing sth.o15.C 前-个动作在Tom来看”时已完成，后一个正要去做。16.D were（was）to do sth.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事。17.D 从时间状语for a long time可知，到说话时为止长时间没见到邮递员了。故用现在完成时态的被动语态。18.A wont wash out意思是 不会洗掉。用来说明主语的特征