2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：选句补全短文（含答案）.pdf

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1、2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：选句补全短文一.选句补全短文（共10小题）1.（2020成都）Close friends,think alike?HWhat!You,too?I believed I was the only one.Have you ever said somethinglike this to someone?（1）It seems that similarity often helps form friendship.The Greek thinker Aristotle oncesaid,“People regard friendship as a ma

2、tter of similarity；they say that we love those who arelike ourselves.（2）Scientists from University of California said friends havesimilar behaviors,Scientific American reported.The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test.Each studentwatched the same set of videos,which inclu

3、ded a comedy,a discussion and a soccermatch.（3）According to their scans,friends who watched the same video reactedin similar ways.Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos,especially partsthat are connected with motivation（动机），learning and memory.（4）Seeing ones friends have simi

4、lar behaviors will reinforce（强化）ones own values,opinions,and interests,lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told BusinessInsider.（5）Scientists fi*om the University of Leipzig,Germany,found thatfriendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone.The scientists did a testwith first-year co

5、llege students the first time they met in class.In this test,students who sat inneighboring seats were more likely to become friends.A.Now,there is some science behind this idea.B.If so,you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.C.Friends share a lot of similarities,though there are som

6、e differences.D.But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship.E.However,people who werent friends had different reactions to the same videos.F.At the same time,scientists scanned their brains and recorded their brain activity.2.（2021 济南模拟）Some believe that people are eithe

7、r smart or dumb.And if they aresmart,everything is easy for them.（1）But they can improve the skills theyhave and develop new ones.Whats your opinion?In fact,this is related to ones mindset（思维模式）.Dr.Carol Dweck,apsychology（/心理学）professor at Stanford University,has discovered that people with afixed m

8、indset solve problems ina much different way from those with a growth mindset.Dr.Dweck found people with a fixed mindset care about grades.When theymake mistakes,they think it means theyre not smart.（2）Theyre afraid of challenges,because if they don*t do well,they may look dumb.People with a growth

9、mindset,onthe otherhand,care about learning,not grades.They learn from mistakes by trying differentways to solveproblems or asking for help.(3).They discovered that students with a growth mindset do betterinmath；those with a fixed mindset do worse.Why?Kids with both mindsets do well inprimaryschool,

10、but middle school math is much harder.So while the growth-mindset kidsembrace(拥抱)the challenge and work harder,the fixed-mindset kids may just give up.(4)But Dwecks team discovered something even more important than that.Theyfound that,withsome work,kids can choose to have a growth mindset and do be

11、tter in school.Everyonehas someof each type of mindset.(5)When you hear your fixed mindset voicetelling you that youre dumb,or that youll look stupid if you ask for help,or that learninga newskill is hard,talk back to it!Then you really can get smarter by working hard,practicingandchallenging yourse

12、lf!A.Some people believe that everyone in the world is smart.B.As a result,their grades drop.C.They also care about how smart they look.D.Some hold the belief that not everyone can become a genius(天才)E.Dwecks team found fixed-mindset kids cant do well in primary school.F.They are just like two kinds

13、 of voices in your head.G.Dweck and her team did a research among middle school students.3.(2018枣阳市模拟)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有一项为多余选项.Nowadays,the food that you buy comes from many different countries.Have alook in your fridge,cupboard,and fruit bowl and check the origins(来源)of thefood.Perh

14、aps there are apples from California,lamb from New Zealand,or potatoesfrom Egypt?(1)This journey,from field to plate,is called”foodmiles*.(2)Nowadays,food often travels thousands of miles to get to theconsumer(消 费 者).Why is this,and what are the effects of these long distances?Traditionally,farmers

15、sold their food in the local market,so the food didnt haveto travel very far.The consumers also did not travel very far because they went to their localmarket to buy the food.This was a good system fbr farmers andconsumers.(3)For example,consumers could only buy food that farmersproduced locally.In

16、addition，they could only get food that was inseason.Now,because of modem technology,food comes from all over theworld.(4)They are available in winter if we want.(5)This is because they have difficult climates(气候).The UnitedArab Emirates(UAE),for example,gets 85%of its food from other countries.Even

17、foodmade in the UAE often uses imported materials.A However，there were some disadvantages.B.You will probably be surprised how far food travels to get to your plate.C.Some countries have to import(进 口)most of their food.D.Whats wrong with food miles?E.We do not have to wait for spring or summer to b

18、uy strawberries or tomatoes.F.A food mile is the distance that food travels from the farmers field to the person who buysthe food.4.(2021 兰州模 拟)Earthquakes usually come without warning.What should you do if thishappens to you?An earthquake is dangerous,but there are still things you can do to protec

19、tyourself.Stay calm as the earth begins to shake.Your chances of survival(幸存；存活)in an earthquakego up if you can keep calm.)46)(47)You need to have something strong around you to protect you from fallingobjects.Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen.The Ikitchen is dangerous

20、because of many glass objects.(48)Stay away from buildings and trees.If you are in a car,pull over to a placewhere there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car.If you are close to the sea,try toget as far away from the water as possible.Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can reallyhar

21、m the people nearby.(49)For example,gas fire often comes with an earthquake.If you see a fire,quickly move outdoors to an open area.Remember to always hope for the best but prepare I for the worst.阅读以上短文，从文后方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使文意通顺、正确；根据短文内容回答第50小题.A.If you are outside,get to an open area as fast as y

22、ou can.B.Staying calm is not easy,but it can save your life.C.If you are inside when the earthquake starts,get under a table or a bed.D.When the earthquake is over,there is still plenty on danger.50.What is the passage mainly about?A.The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.B.The ways

23、 to stay away from tall buildings.C.The ways to stay calm.D.The ways to move outdoors to an open area.5.(2021 吉林三模)Dear daughter,You are a wonderful person and your mother and I love you.lt will not be long beforeyou leave home to make your way in the world.Can I please give you some friendly advice

24、?Here are some things that you should never do.(1)_You are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself.When things gobadly,never stop believing.Some girls get upset and lose confidence(自信).And then all kindsof problems can follow.(2)We think you look great.Please be happy with the

25、person you are and the body youhave.Eat well,take exercise and be healthy.Some girls become upset because they try to loseweight or get the perfect shape.You look fine.(3)Never spend money more than your income(收入)and save a little everymonth.Dont borrow others money if possible.(4)We are very proud

26、 of what you have succeeded so far.You should be proud,too.Keep doing well.Keep trying your hardest at everything you do.No one can ask for morethan that.(5)Whatever happens in life,your family will still be your family.Whatever difficultiesyou have,you can always talk to us and we will try to help.

27、We are here for you.(a)根据短文内容从方框中选出相匹配的选项。A.Never Get Upset With Your Looks.B.Never Forget That Your Parents Love You.C.Never Look Down Upon Yourself.D.Never Give Less Than Your Best.E.Never Spend Money More Than Your Income.(b)根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。A father gives his friendly advice to his daughter.Y

28、ou are great and able to makeyour dreams(1)true.Be(2)with the person you are and the body youhave.Never spend more money than your income and save a(3)every month!Try your(4)at everything you do.Nomatter(5)happens in life,your family will still be your family.6.(2021 船营区模拟)Are you shy?If you are,you

29、 are not alone.In fact,close to 50percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.Now,scientists are trying to understand shyness.They have some interesting ideas aboutwhy people are shy.(1)Is it possible to be born shy?Many scientists say yes.They say15 t

30、o 20 percent of babies behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful(警觉的)than other babies.Interestingly,these shy babies usually have shy parents.(2)Scientists at Harvard University found that more than 50 percent ofthe shy people had brothers and sisters.It might because they go

31、t less attention from theirparents.(3)When scientists studied shyness in different countries.They foundsurprising differences.In Japan,most people said they were shy.But in Israel,only one ofthree people said so.It might because Japanese and Israelis have different opinions offailure(失 败).In Japan,w

32、hen people do not succeed,they blame(责备)themselves,while Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons,such asfamily,friends,or bad luck.(4)For shy people,it can be difficult to make friends,speak inclass and find a job.You could lose things and the opportunities you would enjoy.(5)But scientists

33、say you can get over your shyness.They suggest tryingnew things and practicing conversations.Preparing things to talk about before youre in a socialsituation is also a good way to reduce shyness.(a)根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意。A.Ways to overcome your shyness.B.Some shyness is genetic(遗传的).C.The disadvantage

34、s of being shy.D.Family size might cause people to be shy.E.The place where you were bom may make you shy.(b)根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。ShynessShyness is very common among people.These days,scientists are becominginterested(1)shyness.They try to find out the reason why some people are shy.Many scientists b

35、elieve that shyness is genetic because they find some babiesare(2)to be shy.Moreover,scientists at Harvard University find that family(3)can cause a person to be shy,for(4)fifty percent shy peoplehave brothers and sisters.When scientists study shyness in different places,it turns out thatthe place w

36、here a person is born may make a person shy.Being shy has many disadvantages.You may lose the things you like andopportunities.But dont worry.Scientists also suggest some ways to(5)shyness.7.(2021长沙模拟)In 2020,the 109,000 residential(住宅的)fires in China causedmore than 500 injuries and 900 deaths.You

37、can prevent fire-related deaths andinjuries,and even most residential fires by knowing about fire safety.(1)Fire safety escape planA fire safety escape plan tells everyone what to do if your home catches fire.Yourfamily needs to design an escape plan for your home.(2)When you discuss with your famil

38、y,it is a good idea to talk about each personsresponsibilities in case of a fire,such as who helps whom out of the house.Fire safety and kids(3)Children cause thousands of residential fires each year,most ofwhich are caused by children playing with matches.You need to teach your children to obeythe

39、following fire safety rules：(4)Always have an adults help when cooking.Always STOP,DROP,andROLL,if you or your clothes catch fire.Fire safety and your homeElectrical fires are the most common type of residential fires in China.Electricheaters and clothes dryers are responsible for most of residentia

40、l electrical fires.If a firehappens,shut off the electricity,put out small fires with your home fire extinguisher(灭，(器).Do not put water on electrical fires.(5)Call 119 and report the fire.A.Never play with matches or lightersB.Fire safety education begins with childrenC.Do not try to deal with larg

41、e fires by yourselfD.The escape plan needs to be known by everyone in your familyE.Protect you and your family by making an escape plan and learning fire safety.8.(2021永定区模拟)阅读短文，从 A-E 五个句子中选择正确选项还原到文中，使短文内容完整正确.A couple of years ago,I went to Australia for a meeting with my friend,Chris.We decided

42、todrive across country to Brisbane after the meeting ended.The drive was going to take four daysand most of it was across the desert,(96).The first day was a lot of fun as wewere excited and laughing at each othefs stupid jokes.By the third day of driving in theseemingly endless desert,we began to g

43、et bored.We had been quiet for a few hours when inthe distance Chris found some kangaroos.We were both excited and decided to get a closerlook.(97)We got closer and closer,and Chris was doing 110 kilometers perhour.We were very close to the kangaroos-too close-when we heard a loud BANG!Chris stopped

44、 the car and we got out.Behind the car was a larger kangaroo lying completelystill on the ground.(98)He took off his sunglasses and put them on the kangarooand did the same with his jacket.Then,he put his arm around the kangaroo and told me to takea photo of them together.(99)While I was focusing th

45、e camera,I saw thekangaroo move.It suddenly woke up,looked at Chris,and jumped away into the distancebefore we could do anything.I started laughing but Chris looked very serious.(100)I started laughing evenharder.I stopped laughing,however,when he said that nur car keys were also in the jacket!A.I w

46、as still surprised,but I took out my cameraB.He said his wallet and passport were in the jacket.C.In order to get there in three days,we drove very fast.D.so we had to take food,water,and extra gas with us.E.Chris went over to the kangaroo and put his baseball cap on its head.9.(2020工业园区二模)Do you wa

47、nt to be happier?Well,you can do something aboutit.Some psychologists(心理学家)believe that 10%of your happiness is due to lifeconditions and 40%is the result of your own choices.Your own choices include how youmanage your time at school,your relationships,your friends,your activities and yourhealth.So

48、you have a lot of control over how happy you feel.(I)Hereare some tips on how to do that.Surround yourself with positive(积极的)people.Spend time with positive peopleand your ideas will become active.On the other hand,good friends willencourage,support,and lift you up when youre down.(2)Thats alsotrue

49、for the people that we work with.Dont try to be perfect.Remember that nothing can ever beperfect.(3)Instead think about what you already have.Think about whatyouve already done.Think of where you are today as a step towards tomorrow.Dont tryto be perfect,just try to do things well-with excellence.Fo

50、cus on now.Dont think about all the things that can go wrong,like failing atschool or your friend leaving you.Thinking like this only results in worry andstress,which is a waste of time and energy.(4)Just worry about makingtoday great,because the best way to be happy is just to enjoy each day.Compar