2023届全国新高考英语备考复习--情态动词的用法.pdf

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1、2023届全国新高考英语备考复习情态动词的用法情态动词的用法一、can/could一、can/could1.can/could 的形式2.can/could 的用法(1)表示能力He can speak Spanish,but he cant speak Russian.他会说西班牙语，但不会说俄语。He could swim when he was five.他五岁时就会游泳了。(2)表示许可Can you carry the bag for me?你来替我提包好吗？Could/Can I use your p e n?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？Yes,of course you can.当然可

2、以。【提示】答语中不可用could,只 用 can。(3)表示推测The road can be blocked.路可能会堵塞。Can it be tru e?那会是真的吗？(4)could用于虚拟语气中If I could fly,I should be very glad.如果我能飞，我将会很高兴。He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试，但他太粗心了。3.cant构成的句式(1)、cant+be/do+比较级”，表示最高级，意为 再没有比更”。He cant be more careless,他太粗心了

3、。I cant thank you a little more.太感谢您了。I cant think of a better idea.那个主意真是太好了。The job couldnt have been easier.这工作再容易不过了。【提示】、couldnt+have+过去分词+比较级”是对过去情况加以强调。(2)、cant+do+too/enough,意为 无论怎样也不过分I cant praise this film highly enough.这部电影无论怎样赞扬也不过分。I cant praise this film too much.I can hardly praise t

4、his film too highly.(3)can,t+help/resist/avoid/keep from+doing,意为 不得不；禁不住She cant help thinking so.她不得不这样想。Hearing that,every one of us could not resist laughing.听到这件事，大家都忍不住笑了。I cant avoid meeting him,我不得不与他会面。I cant keep from thinking of you at times.我有时会情不自禁地想到你。(4)cant(choose)+but+do,意为 除此以外，别无他

5、法”。I couldnt but laugh on seeing such a funny sight.看到这样滑稽的情景，我忍不住笑了。I couldnt help but realize that something was wrong.我不禁-认识至U 出了毛病。They canzt choose but go.他们不得不去。4.can 与 be able to 的区别(l)ca n 则强调自身已具有的能力，be ablet。强调通过努力而获得的能力。She can sing the song in English.她能用英语唱这首歌。He will be able to sing th

6、e song in English after a few hours practice.几小时的练习之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。(2)be able t o 可以有各种时态；而 can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。Can you see it there?你能看见它在那儿吗？I could help you last night,but you didnt come.昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。He is/was/will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。情态动词的用法二、may/might二、may/mightl.may/might 的形式2.may/might

7、的用法(1)表示许可You may take everything you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。You might tell us the truth.你不妨把真相告诉我们。(2)may或 might提出请求时，肯定答语用m ay,否定答语用mustnt或cant。May I smoke in your class?我可以在你班上抽烟吗？Yes,you may.行，你可以抽。No,you mustnt/cant.不可以。Youzd better not.你最好不要。(3)表示推测I may go,but I really dont want to.我可能去，但我不真正想去。It m

8、ay/might rain this afternoon.今天下午可能会下雨。She may have been beautiful once,but she is not anymore.她从前可能漂亮，不过她现在漂亮不再。【比较】He may/might not be there.他可能不在那里。(对现在情况的推测)He may/might be waiting for someone,他可能在等人。(对正在进行情况的推测)They may/might have seen him.他们可能见到过他。(对过去情况的推测)(4)用于祈使句中表示祝愿May you succeed.祝你成功。Ma

9、y you have a pleasant journey.一路平安。May we never forget each 0ther.愿我们彼此永不忘。(5)用于虚拟语气中If I might I would try once again如果我能够，我会再试一次。If you had come to the lecture,you might have met him.如果你去听报告，你或许会遇见他。3.may/might构成的句式(1)may/might as w ell,意为 不妨.Catherine,you may as well come t。.凯瑟琳，你不妨也去。If thats th

10、e case,I may as well try.如果情况如止匕，我不妨试一试。(2)might have done,表示 责备 或 忠告，只用于肯定句中。You might at least have said hello to me.你至少可以和我打个招呼啊！You might have let us know beforehand.你可以事先让我们知道嘛！情态动词的用法三、must三、m ustl.must的形式2.must的用法(1)表示义务及强烈的劝告，意 为 必 须 应 该 一 定 要You must get to the station before three oclock.你

11、必须在 3 点钟以前到达车站。The time is up,we must go.时间到了，我们必须走了。You must not drive without a license.你不得无证开车。(2)must的疑问中，肯定答语用must(有必要)，否定答语用need not(没有必要)。Must I rewrite the report?我得重写报告吗？Yes,you must.你有必要重写。No,you need not.你没必要重写。(3)must的否定式表示一种强烈的语气，意为 严禁，绝对不能We mustnt waste our time.我们绝对不能浪费时间。Passengers

12、must not walk across the railway line.旅客严禁横穿铁路。(4)表示推测【比较】The man must have a lot of money.这个人一定有不少钱。(对现在情况的推测)He must be doing his homework.他一定在做他的作业。(对正在进行情况的推测)He must have mistaken my meaning.他一定误会了我的意思。(对过去情况的推测)3.must与 have to 的区别(1)must侧重 主观上认为必须做某事J have t。则重于客观需要，不得不做某事”。The work must be do

13、ne as soon as possible.这工作必须尽早完成。Everyone must keep the law.人人都要守法。The last train has gone.Well have to walk home.最后一班车开了，我们不得不走回家。Its too late.We have to hurry up.时间不早了，我们得赶紧。(2)时态上，must只有一般现在时，have t。则有多种时态形式。You will have to show your pass at the gate.在大门口你得出示证件。We have had to postpone the meetin

14、g,due to the Chairwomansillness.由于女主席生病了，我们不得不推迟开会。情态动词的用法四、dare四、dare1.情态动词dare的用法(1)后接动词原形，意为 敢，敢于。He dare not go there,他不敢去那里。How dare you speak to him like that?你怎么敢对他那样讲话？(2)dare可以有过去式dared,但也可用dare+have done”表示过去式。That was why he dared do so.那就是他为什么敢这样做的原因。I darent have done it yesterday,but I

15、 think I dare now.昨天我没敢这样做，但现在我想我敢。(3)dare通常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句、whether(if)从句。Dare you tell her the tru th?你敢告诉她事实真相吗？I wont let him go even if he dare(go).即使他敢去，我也不让他去。Its hard to tell whether/if he dare try.他敢不敢试一试，这就很难说了。Were so late that I darenzt look at my watch.我们太迟了，我连手表都不敢看一眼。2.实义动词dare的用法(1)有人称和

16、数的变化，意为 敢于，可接动词不定式。Brave men dare great dangers.勇敢的人敢冒巨大的危险。He didnt dare to speak to her.他不敢和她说话。Who dares to speak for the people?谁敢为人民说话呢？I wonder how he dares to say such things.我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。(2)dare sb.to do sth.,意为”教唆某人做某事，激某人做某事”。I dare you to jump over the stream.我谅你不敢跳过这条小河。She dared him

17、to dive after her.她激将他跟着她跳水。(3)dare的非谓语动词形式The boy stood before the teacher,not daring to look up.小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。(dare的现在分词形式作伴随状语)She waved her fist at him,daring him to come any closer.她向他挥舞着拳头，看他还有没有胆量再靠近她。(dare的现在分词形式作伴随状语)He was under attack for daring to criticize the Prime Minister.他竟敢批评总理，因而遭

18、到攻击。(dare的动名词形式作介词宾语)【比较】Dare you jump from the w a ll?你敢从那座高墙跳下来吗？(情态动词)Do you dare to jump from the wall?你敢从那座高墙跳下来吗？（实义动词）3.dare的特殊句式（1）I dare say用于肯定句，表示一种不肯定的语气，意为 很可能；大概；我想“。He is not here yet,but I dare say he will come later.他尚未来止匕，但我认为他等一会儿就来。You are tired,I dare say.我想你或许累了。（2）How dare sb.

19、?表示说话人对某人的行为表示愤慨和谴责。How dare you ask me such a question?你怎敢问我这样的问题？How dare he tell me what to do!他竟然教训我该怎么做！情态动词的用法五、need五、need1.情态动词need的用法（1）接动词原形，意为 需要”，通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。Need he go so soon?他这么快就要走吗？You need not pay it is free.你不必付钱，这是免费的。He wondered whether they need go there.他不知道他们是否需要去那里。Nobod

20、y need be afraid of catching the disease.谁都不用害怕会得这种病。（2）疑问句中，肯定答语用m ust,否定答语用neednt。Need I do anything for y o u?需要我为你做些什么吗？Yes,you must.是呀，你得做。No,you neednt.不，没有必要。2.实义动词need的用法（1）及物动词，有人称、数及时态的变化，可以接不定式作宾语或宾补。He needs a good nights sleep.他需要好好睡一晚上。（名词作宾语）You dont need to leave so early.你们不需要走这么早。（

21、不定式作宾语）I need someone to look after her.我需要找个人照看她。（不定式作宾补）【比较】He neednt work so hard.他不需要如此地努力工作。（情态动词）He doesnt need to work so hard,他不需要如此地努力工作。（实义动词）（2）接动名词作宾语时，要用主动形式表被动意义。The house needs cleaning.房子需要清理。The clock needs winding once a week.这只钟每周需要上一次发条。This chapter needs rewriting,这一章需要重写。【提示】ne

22、ed doing=need to be done,意为 某物需要被.My coat needs mending.我的外衣需要修补。my coat needs to be mended.与need相同，want,require也可接动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义。The floor needs/wants/requires washing/to be washed.地板需要冲洗。3.need的特殊句式（1）neednzt have done,表示 本来不必做某事，实际上却做了；用于疑问句时，表示询问过去某一动作的必要性。You neednt have hurried.你当时实在不必那么匆忙

23、。Need you have paid so m uch?你当时真需要付那么多钱吗？（2）didnt need to do sth.意为 不需要做某事”，实际上也没做。He didnt need to be reminded about it.不必向他提醒那件事。I didnt need to go to the office yesterday.昨天我不必去上班。【比较】We had plenty of bread,so I didnt need to buy a leaf.我们有许多面包，我不需买了。（我还没买）We had plenty of bread,so I neednt have

24、 bought a leaf.我们有许多面包，我真的不需再买一块。（我已经买了）（3）neednt 与 dont have to 同义，意为 不必。You dont have to/neednzt tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。We dont have to/neednt be standing here in the rain.我们不必在雨里站着。4.名词need的用法There is no need for sth.没有必要做某事There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事There is no need for anxiety.不必焦虑。There is no need to be anxious.不必焦虑。There is no need for you to be anxious.你不必焦虑。