2022年吉林GRE考试模拟卷1测.pdf

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1、2022年吉林GRE考试模拟卷（本卷共分为2 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共25题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.BNarrator/BListen to a p art of a lecture in an ecoIogy class.Why does the p rofessor say thisA.To describe the importance of runoff and groundwater.B.To compare the amount

2、 of runoff with that of groundwater.C.To show similarities between runoff and groundwater.D.To explain how runoff eventually becomes groundwater.2.BSet 2/BBMediterranean Diet/BThe Mediterranean diet is based up on the eating p atterns oftraditional cultures in the Mediterranean region.Several notedn

3、utritionists and research p ro jects have cone I uded that this diet is oneof the most heaIthfuI in the world in terms of p reventing such i I Inessesas heart disease and cancer,and increasing Iife exp ectancy.The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet al I surroundthe Mediterranean Sea

4、.These cultures have eat i ng habits that deve I opedover thousands of years.In Europe,parts of Italy,Greece,PortugaI,Spain,and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet,as do Morocco and Tunisia in North Afr i ca.Parts of the Ba I kan regionand Turkey follow the diet,as well as

5、 Middle Eastern countries I ikeLebanon and Syria.The Mediterranean region is warm and sunny,andproduces large suppl ies of fresh fru its and vegetabIes almost year roundthat peopIe eat many times per day.Wine,bread,olive oiI,nuts,andIegumes are other staples of the region,and the Mediterranean Sea h

6、ashistorically yieIded abundant quantities of fish.International interest in the therapeutic qua I ities of theMediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s,when medicaI researchersstarted to I ink the occurrence of heart disease with diet.Dr.AncelKeys performed an epidemioIogicaI analysis of diet

7、s around the world(epidemiology being the branch of pub Ii c heaI th that stud i es patternsof di seases and the i r potent i a I causes among popu I at i ons).Ent it led theSeven Countries Study,it is considered as one of the greatest studiesof its kind ever performed.In it,Keys gathered data on he

8、art diseaseand i ts potent i a I causes from near ly 13,000 men in Greece,Italy,Croat i a,Serbia,Japan,Finland,the Netherlands,and the United States.itcone Iuded that the Mediterranean peopIe in the study enjoyed somesignificant health advantages.The Mediterranean groups had lowermortality rates in

9、al I age brackets and from al I causes,particularlyfrom heart disease.The study also showed that the Mediterranean dietis as high or higher in fat than other diets,obtaining up to 40 percentof al I its calories from fat.It has,however,different patterns of fati ntake.Mediterranean cook i ng uses sma

10、l I er amounts of saturated fat andhigher amounts of unsaturated fat,most Iy in the form of olive oiI.Saturated fats are fats that are found p rincip ally in meat and dairyp roducts,a I though avocados,some nuts,and some vegetabIe oiIs alsocontain them.Saturated fats are used by the body to make cho

11、lesterol,and high I eve I s of cholesterol have since been d i rect I y related to heartdisease.Several other studies have vaIidated Keys findings regarding thegood health to p eop Ie in Mediterranean countries.The World HeaIthOrganization(WHO)showed in a 1990 analysis that four majorMediterranean c

12、ountries(Sp ain,Greecey France,and Italy)have longerI ife exp ectanc i es and lower rates of heart d i sease and cancer than otherEurop ean countr i es and Amer i ca.The data are s i gn i f i cant because the sameMediterraneans freq uently smoke and don t have regular exercise p rogramsI ike many Am

13、er icans,which means that other var iables may be resp onsible.Sc i ent i sts have also ruled out genet i c differences,becauseMediterraneans who move to other countries tend to lose their healthadvantages.These findings suggest that diet and IifestyIe are majorfactors.The Mediterranean diet gained

14、even more notice when Dr.Walter Wi I lett,head of the nutrition dep artment at Harvard University,began torecommend it.AI though Iow-fat diets were recommended for sufferers ofheart disease,group of Mediterraneans in his studies had very highi ntakes of fat,mainly from olive oil.Will ett and others

15、p rop osed thatthe r isk of heart disease can be reduced by increasing one typ e of dietaryfat-monounsaturated fat the typ e found in olive oi I.Willett1 sp rop osal went aga i nst convent i ona I nutritional recommendat i ons to reduceal I fat in the diet.It has been shown that unsaturated fats rai

16、se thelevel of HDL cholesterol,which is sometimes called good cholesterolbecause of its p rotective effect against heart disease.Wi 11ett has alsop erformed studies correlating the intake of meat with heart disease andcancer.The word vaIidate in p aragrap h 4 is closest in meaning toA.confirm.B.refu

17、te.C.disagree.D.examine.3.BSet 3/BBA Messenger from the Past/BHis p eop Ie said good-bye and watched him waIk off toward the mountains.They had little reason to fear for his safety:the man was we I I dressedi n i nsu I ated c I oth ing and eq u i p p ed w i th too I s needed to survive the Alp inecl

18、 imate.However,as weeks p assed without his return,they must have grownworried,then anxious,and finally resigned,After many years everyonewho knew him had died,and a note even a memory of the man remained.Then,on an imp robably distant day,he came down from the mountain.Things had changed a bit:it w

19、asn t the Bronze Age anymore,and he wasa celebrity.When a melting glacier released its hold on a 4,000-year-old corp sein Sep tember,it was q uite rightIy called one of the most imp ortantarcheological finds of the century.Discovered by a German coup I e hikingat 10,500 feet in the Italian Tyrol nea

20、r the Austrian border,thep artially freeze-dried body still wore remnants of leather garments andboots that had been stuffed with straw for insulation.The hikers alertedscientists from the University of Innsbruck in Austria,whose morecomp I ete exam i nat i on revealed that the man was tattooed on h

21、is back andbehind his knee.At his side was a bronze ax of a typ e typ icaI in southerncentral Europ e around 2000 B G.On his exp edition-p erhap s to hunt orto search for metal ore he had also carded an al I-p urp ose stone knife,a wooden backpack,a bow and a quiverf a smalI bag containing a flin tI

22、ighter and kindlingy and an arrow repair kit in a leather pouch.Such everyday gear gives an unprecedented perspective on I ife in earlyBronze Age Europe.The most exc i t i ng thing is that we genu i ne I y appearto be Iooking at a man who had some kind of accident in the course ofa perfectly ordinar

23、y trip,n says archeologist Ian Kinnes of the BritishMuseum.These are not artifacts pIaced in a grave,but the fellow sown possessions.Unlike the Egyptians and Mesopotamians of the time,who had moreadvanced civilizatio n s with citie s and central authority,the Ice Manand h i s countrymen I i ved i n

24、a soc i ety built around sma I I v stab Ie vi 11 ages.He probably spoke in a tongue ancestral to current European languages.Furthermore,though he was a member of a farming culture,he may we 11have been hunting when he died,to add meat to his family s diet.X-raysof the quiver showed that it contained

25、 14 arrows.Whi Ie his backpack wasempty,careful exploration of the trench where he died reveaIed remnantsof animal skin and bones at the same spot where the pack lay.There wasalso the remainder of a pi Ie of berries.Clearly the man didn t starveto death.The trench provided him so with shelter from t

26、he elements,and healso had a braided mat of grass to keep him warm.If injury or i I Inesscaused the I ce Man s death,an autopsy on the 4,000-year-o I d v i ct i m cou I dturn up some clues.The circumstances of his death may have preservedsuch ev i dence,as we 11 as other deta iIs of his Iife.Freeze-

27、dried bythe frigid cIimate,his inner organs and other soft tissues are muchbetter preserved than those of dried-up Egyptian mummies or thewaterlogged Scandinavian MBog Men found in recent years.One concern,voiced by archeologist Colin Renfrew of CambridgeUniversity,is that the hot TV I ights that gr

28、eeted the hunter5 s returnto civilizetio n may have damaged these fragiIe tissues,jeopardizing achance to recover additionaI precious genetic information from hischromosomes.If not,Renfrew says,wit may be possibIe to get very longDNA sequences out of this mater ial.This is far and away the most exci

29、tingaspect of the discovery.For the time being,al I biological research has I iteral ly 68 been puton ice at the University of Innsbruck while an in ternational team ofexperts,led by researcher Konrad Spindler,puzzlees out a way to thawthe body without destroying it.As sensationaI as it sounds,it re

30、mainsto be seen how usefuI 4,000-year-old human DNA wi 11 really be.nTheproblem is that we are deaI ing with a single individual,saysevolutionary biologist Robert Sokal of the State University of New Yorkat Stony Brook.In order to make statements about the popuI at i on thatexisted at the time,we ne

31、ed more specimens.nThe wish for more messengers from the past may yet come true.Fivemore bodies of mountain climbers,al I of whom died within the past 50years,have emerged from melting Austrian mountain ice this summer.TheIce Man,s return fromA.he was been buried in ice for 4,000 years.B.he lived in

32、 early Bronze Age Europe.C.his death was caused by some kind of accident.D.his belongings reflect the everyday life 4,000 years ago.4.BRead i ng Sect i on D i rect i ons/BIn this section you wi I I read five passages and answer readingcomprehension questions about each passage.Most questions are wor

33、th onepoint,but the last question in each set is worth more than one point.The directions indicate how many points you may receive.You wi11 have 60 minutes to read al I of the passages and answer thequestions.Some passages incIude a word or phrase that is under Iined inblue.GI ick on the word or phr

34、ase to see a definition or an explanation.When you want to move on to the next question,click on Next.You cansk i p quest i ons and go back to them I ater as I ong as there i s t i me rema i n i ng.If you want to return to previous questions,c I i ck on Back.You can clickon Review at any time and th

35、e review screen wi 11 show you which questionyou have answered and which you have not.From this review screen,youmay go directIy to any question you have already seen in the readingsect i on.When you are ready to continue,click on the Continue icon.BUSet BOvercoming the Language Barrier/BThe discove

36、ry that Ianguage can be a barrier to communication isquickly made by al I who travel,study,govern or sell.Whether theactivity is tourism,research,government,policing,business,or datadissemination,the I ack of a common I anguage can severe I y impede progressor can halt it altogether.Common language

37、here usual ly means a foreignlanguage,but the same point appI ies in principle to any encounter withunfam i I iar dial ects or sty les within a single I anguage.MThey don t talkthe same language has a major metaphorrical meaning a Iongside itsIiteral one.Although communication problems of this kind

38、must happen thousandsof t imes each day,very few become pub I ic knowledge.Pub I ici ty comes on Iywhen a failure to communicate has major consequences,such as strike,lost orders,legal problems,or fatal accidents-even,at times,war.One reported instance of communication fai lure took place in 1970,wh

39、ensevera I Amer i cans ate a spec i es of po i sonous mushroom.No remedy was known,and two of the peopIe died within days.A radio report of the case washeard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfullyused in 1959 and p ub I i shed in 1963.Why had the American doctors not heardof

40、 it seven years later Presumably because the rep ort of the treatmenthad been p ub Ii shed only in journals written in Europ ean Ianguages otherthan English.But i so Iated examp Ies do not give an imp ression of the size of thep roblem-something that can come only from studies of the use oravoidance

41、 of foreign-language materials and contacts in differentcommunicative situations.In the Engl ish-scientific world,forexamp I ey surveys of books and documents consulted in I ibrar ies and otherinformation agencies have shown that very little foreign-languagematerial is ever consulted.Library req ues

42、ts in the field of science andtechno I ogy showed that only 13 p er cent were for fore i gn I anguagep eriodicals.Stud i es of the sources cited in p ub Ii cat i ons lead to asimilar cone I us i on:the use of foreign-1anguage sources is often foundto be as low as 10 p er cent.The Ianguage barrier p

43、resents itself in stark form to form who wishto market their p roducts in other countries.British industry,inp articular,has in recent decades often been criticized for itsIinguistic insularity-for its assump tion that foreign buyers wi11 behap p y to communicate in Englishf and that awareness of ot

44、her Ianguagesis not therefore a p riority.In the 1960s,over two-thirds of Britishfirms deal ing with non-Eng I i sh-sp eak i ng customers were using Engl ish foroutgo i ng cor resp onddence;many had the ir sales I i terature only in Eng I ish;and as many as 70 p er cent of emp I oyees cannot commun

45、i cate i n the customers,Ianguages.A similar p roblem was identif ied in other Engl ish-sp eakingcountries,notab I y the USA,Austral ia and New Zea I and.And non-Eng I ish-sp eaking countries were by no means exemp t-a I though the widesp read useof Engl ish as an alternative Ianguage made them less

46、 op en to the chargeof insularity.The criticism and p ub I icity given to this p roblem since the 1960s seemsto have greatly imp roved the situation.Industrial training schemeshave p romoted an increase in Iinguistic and cultural awareness.Manyfirms now have their own translation services;to take ju

47、st one examp I ein Britain,Rowntree Mack i ntosh now p ub Ii sh their documents in sixIanguagesA.most British firms used English to correspond with non-English-speaking customers.B.many companies only had English sales literature.C.the majority of employees could speak the customersJ languages.D.for

48、eign customers were happy to communicate in English.5.(BUSet 4/BBThe Cutt i ng Edge/BEconomists and governments agree these days on the crucial imp ortanceof foreign direct invest-ment(FDI).They see it both as the global market,s seal of ap p rovaln on a country5 s p olicies and p rosp ects,and as a

49、force,esp ec i a I Iy in develop ing countries,for far-reach i ng economicchange.This consensus is surp rising when you remember that FDI remainsp olitically sensitive in many p oor,and some not-so-p oor,countries.Butthe benefits are so great that reservations on this account have beenp ut aside.The

50、 p oint about FDI is that it is far more than mere cap ital H:it is a uniq uely p otent bundle of cap ital,contacts,and managerial andtechnological knowledge.It is the cutting edge of gIobaIization.The out Iook for FDI-in totaI,and country by country-is thereforea matter of great interest.Forecastin