新视野大学英语第一单元单词讲解.pdf

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1、Unit 1 Text Achase|vt.|run after sb.or sth.in order to catch them|追逐；追赶My dog likes chasing rabbits.|我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。|We were chased by a bull while crossing the field.|我们穿过田哦地时，有一条公牛追逐着我们。cruelty|n.|C,UJ behavior that makes people or animals suffer|残酷；残忍The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave t

2、rade at that lime.|这本书告诉了读者在那个时候奴隶买卖的残忍。The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.|这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。pessimistic|a.|expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth.will have a bad result|悲观的The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic.咳会议的气氛非常悲观。The doctors are pessimistic about his c

3、hances of recovery.|医生们对他康复的可能很悲观。conquest|n.|1.U the process of gaining control over sth.through great effort|征服；控制The conquest of inflation has been the Governments economic priority.|征服通货膨胀一直是政府经济上首要考虑做的事。He finally made the conquest of the disease come true.|他最后战胜 了 那疾病。2.sing.,U the act of taki

4、ng control of a country,city,etc.by force|征服；攻占After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.|在诺曼征月艮之后，这片森林就成了皇家狩猎地。The empire had expanded largely through military conquest.|帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。|bankrupta.|without enough money to pay what one owes|破产的The company was declared bankr

5、upt.|这家公司被宣布破产。Five years ago she was a successful actress,but now she is bankrupt.|五年前她是一个成功的演员，可是现在她一贫如洗了。motive|n.|C a reason for doing sth.|动机Why would she have killed him?She has no motive.|她为什么会杀他呢？她没有任何动机。What is the motive behind the bombing?|爆炸背后有什么动机？worship|vt.|admire and love sb.very muc

6、h|崇拜；敬重；仰慕He worshipped his wife.|他很崇拜妻子。He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.|年青演员崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。spur|vt.|encourage sb.or make them want to do sth.|鼓励；刺激Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed.|她艰难的童年激励她去取得成功。My trainer spuiTed me to keep up a pace of four

7、 miles an hour.|我的教练鼓励我保持每小时 4 英里的节奏。|lure|n.HCJ sth.that attracts people,or the quality of being able to do this|诱惑Few can resist the lure of advenlure.|几乎没有人抵挡得住的历险的吸引力。It is the lure of money that brings them to the city.|是金钱的诱惑使他们来到了这城市。|drown|v.|1.have a very strong feeling or a serious problem

8、 that is dificult to deal with|沉浸于IRelief agencies are drowning in frustration.|救济机构都沉浸于失望之中。|I felt as if I were drowning in sleep.|我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。2.die from being under water for too long,or to kill sb.in this way|（使）淹死Many people drowned when the boat overturned.|翻船时有许多人淹死了。He drowned in a boatin

9、g accident.|他在一次划船事故中淹死了。|imperial|a.|1.great and magniicent|壮丽的；宏大的The house is huge and almost imperial.|房子很大，极其壮丽。It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this.|据说世界上很少有地方像这里有如此壮观的美景。2.relating to an empire or to the person who rules it|帝国的;皇帝的the decline of an imp

10、erial power 廿虽盛帝国的衰败IBritains imperial expansion in the 19th century|英帝国在 19 世纪的扩张agent|n.|1.C sb.whose job is to help an actor,artist,etc.ind work|经纪人|A best-selling writer needs a good agent.|畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。My agent has a new script for me to look at.|我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。|2.CJ a person or company that

11、represents another person or company,esp.in business|代理人；代理商Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.|我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售业务。hasten|vt.|make sth.happen sooner or more quickly|力 口 快；力 口 速The treatment she received may,in fact,have hastened her death.|实际上她接受的治疗力U 速 了她的死亡。News of the scandal certain

12、ly hastened his departure from office.|有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速了他的离职。elevator|n.HCJ a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building|电梯Its on the sixth floor-lets take the elevator.|它在六层,让我们坐电梯吧。Some people were trapped in the elevators.|有些人被困在了 电梯里。blur|n.|C sth.that one cannot remember or see

13、 clearly 腰糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物The events of that day were just a blur.|那天所发生的事情是简直就是一片模糊，记不清楚。My meomory of my childhood days is only a blur.|我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。idle|a.|not working or producing anything|不工作的；闲着的The workers have been idle for the last six months.|在过去的六个月，这些工人们都闲着没事干。The machine stood idle for two

14、months.|机器闲置了 两个月。bore|vt.|make sb.lose interest and become tired and impatient|使厌烦He bores everyone with his stories about his girlfriends.|他老讲自己女朋友的故事，使每个人都感到厌倦。Being alone with a baby all day bored her to death整天一个人和一个婴儿在一起使她厌倦死了。bored|a.|tired and impatient|厌烦的It was a cold,wet day and the child

15、ren were bored.|那天很冷，又潮湿，孩子们都厌倦了。He was getting bored with doing the same thing every day.|每天都做同样的事，他变得厌倦了。continuity|n.|U the state of continuing for a period of time|连 贯（性）；连 续（性）The novel fails to achieve narrative conlinuity.|这部小说在叙述上没能取得连贯。His speech lacks continuity in logic.他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。susta

16、invt.|make sth.continue to exist for a period of time 修 隹 持；使.持续She managed to sustain everyones interest until the end of her speech她设法使得每个人的兴趣都保持到她演讲结束。Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.|袋鼠向甘长总且离地保持高速。minute|a.|very small|极小的1 1|Her writings so minute that its difficult to read

17、.|她的字迹太小 了，很难读。1 1|The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive.|问题是由进入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。|discount|vt.1 1.regard sth.as unlikely to be true or important|忽视；低估I|You shouldnt discount the possibility of him coming back.|你们不应该不相信他回来的可能性。1 1|Much of what he says must be dis

18、counted.|他说的彳艮多话不可信。I|2.reduce the price of slh.|降低价格；打折1 1|The store discounts all its merchandise.|这家商店的多有商品都打折。1 1|He asked to discount 15%from the price.|他要求打八五折。|n.HCJ a reduction in the usual price of sth.|折扣1 1|They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies.|如果你多十本以上，彳 也们通常给

19、你打折扣。1 1|They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.|他们向学生提供火车旅行，九折优惠。plot|n.|1.Cl the story of a book,film,play,etc.|（小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节1 1|The film has a very simple plot.|这部电影的情节非常简单。1 1|The plots of his books are basically all the same.|他书的情节基本上都是相同的I 2.C a secret plan|阴谋；密谋1 1|The

20、plot was discovered before it was carried out.|这密谋还没进行就已被发现。|The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the president.|警方挫败了一暗杀总统的阴谋。moviemaker|n.|C sb.who makes ilms,esp.a director or producer|电影制作人I|Among the audience were moviemaker Jim Sheridan and some movie stars.|观众中有电影制作人吉姆 谢里登和一些电影明星。11|I

21、t*s about time a few moviemakers with original ideas were given a chance.|该是给刃K些具有新见解的电影制作人机会的时候了。distinct|a.1 1.clearly different or belonging to a different type|明显不同的；独特的1 1|The two concepts are quite distinct from each other.|这两个概念相互是有明显区另lj的。|The learning needs of the two groups are quite disti

22、nct from each other.|这两个组的学习需要彼此是相当不同的。2.able to be clearly seen,heard,smelled,etc.睛晰的；清楚的；明显的1 1|The outline of the ship became more distinct.|船的轮廓变的更清楚了。|As night fell,the outline of the mountain became less dislincl.|夜幕降I缸 山峦的轮廓变的不那么清楚了。spotlight|n.|C|聚光灯1 1|The room was lit by spotlights.|聚光灯照亮了

23、房间。1 1|She stood alone on stage in the spotlight.|她 独 自 个人站在舞分的聚光灯下。jungle|n.|C,UJ a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together|（热带）丛林I|The lakes are certainly there but they are hidden in dense jungle.|湖肯定在那儿，不过是隐藏在密林之中。11|When the police hit the shore,they fled into t

24、he jungle.|当警察到达河岸时,他们逃进了丛林。fraud|n.|C,UJ the crime of deceiving sb.in order to get money or sth.illegally|欺诈；诈骗1 1|She was charged with credit card fraud.|她被指控犯信用卡诈骗。|Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close.|由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失迫使这家公司倒闭了。contaminate|vt.|make sth.dirty or poisonous|污

25、染；弄脏I|Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.|那海岸的许多地方已被核废料污染了。|The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.|被弄脏/污染的食品已经被毁掉To|underline|vt.|1.draw a line under a word to show that it is important|在.下划线I|A11 the technical words have been underlined in red.|所有的技术词汇都已用红色在其下面划了线

26、。1 1|Dont forget to underline the title of the essay.|别忘了 在文章标题下划线。|2.emphasize;show that sth.is important|强调，使突出1 1|She underlined the seriousness of the situation 她强调 了形势的严峻性。|To underline their disgust,the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.|为了强调他们的厌恶，人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。|uncompromising|a.|unwil

27、ling to change ones opinions or behavior|不妥协的；不让步的|He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising.他有一个顽强、决不妥协的名声。1 1|At work,George was known as an uncompromising businessman.|在工作上，乔治是一个决不让步的商人。object|vi.|oppose or disapprove of sth.|反对；不赞成1 1|Would anyone object if we started the meeting no

28、w?|如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对吗？1 1|No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.|当老板说该回家了时，没有人表示反对。accuse|vt.|say that sb.is guilty of a crime or of doing sth.bad|指控；控告1 1|HIt wasnt my fault.HDont worry,Im not accusing you.11 “这不 是 我 的 过 错“别担心，我不是在指责你。”1 1|IHes been accused of robbery.|他被控以抢劫。banq

29、uet|n.|C a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion|宴会1 1|A banquet was planned to celebrate the victory.|为庆祝胜利，计划举行一个宴会。1 1|That night there was a state banquet.|那天晚上举行了一个国宴。sue|vt.|make a legal claim against sb.,esp.for money|起诉；控告1 1|The company is suing a former employee.|该公司正在起诉一个

30、前雇员。|He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed.|如果工作完不成，他威胁要起诉他们attorney|n.|C a lawyer 律师11|Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney for nearly three hours.|辛普森回答了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。11|Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue.|其他投资者已经雇了律师，正在决定要起诉谁。sec

31、ond|vt.|support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting|支持；附议I|The motion was proposed by the clubs chairman and seconded by the secretary.I这提案是俱乐部主席提出的，并得到了秘书的支持。|TWill anyone second this motion?nI second it,Mr.Chairman.|“有谁支持这项动议?”“主席先生，我附议Jfine|vt.|make sb.pay money as a punishment|罚.的款I

32、|Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.|超速驾驶的司机会受到重罚。|They fined him$100 for using threatening behaviour.|他们对他使用威胁性举止罚了他100美金。expel|vt.|force sb.to leave a school or organization|开除；驱逐1 1|The government has expelled some diplomats.|政府已将一些外交官驱逐出境。|My brother was expelled f

33、rom school for bad behavior 我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。justify|vt.|show that there is a good reason for sth.that other people think is unreasonable|证明.有道理；为 辩护1 1|How do you justify your rude behavior?|你如何为你的粗鲁举止辩解呢？1 1|We cant justify spending any more money on this project.|我们没有理由再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。single-minded

34、|a.|having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it|心、意的；专的1 1|She is very single-minded about her career/她对自己的职业十分专心。1 1|Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time left for her family.|她 对 工 作 的 心 意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。novelist|n.|C sb.who writes novels|小说家1 1|A

35、famous novelist gave a speech at the opening ceremony.|在开幕式上，一位知名小说家发了言。musician|n.C sb.who performs or writes music,esp.as a job|音乐家；乐手1 1|Ellen is one of our most talented young musicians.|埃伦是我们最有天赋的年青音乐家之Odesperate|a.|1.needing or wanting sth.very much|极需要的；极向往的1 1|The team is desperate for a win

36、.|这个队极需要一场胜利。1 1|He was desperate to get a job.|他非常想得至!j一份工作。|2.very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation|绝望的；拼命的1 1|I had no money left and was desperat已成没有钱了，感到很绝望。1 1|Time was running out and we were getting desperate.|时间正在流失，我们正变得绝望。desperatel y|ad.|1.very much|非常1 1|She

37、always seems to be desperately busy!|她看上去总是非常忙。1 1|Fm not desperately keen on watching football.|我并不酷爱看足球。|2.in a worried or angry way|绝望地；拼命地1 1|The doctors tried desperately to save her life.|医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。1 1|He looked round desperately for someone to help him.他绝望地朝四周看了看，希望有人帮助他。alas|ad.unfortunat

38、ely|不幸的是；遗憾的是1 1|I love football but,alas,I have no talent as a player.|我喜欢足球，可是，真遗憾，我没有足球队员的天赋。1 1|For many people,alas,hunger is part of everyday life.|对许多人来说，很不幸，饥饿是日常生活的一部分。Phrases and Expressionsat best|even when considered in the most positive way|充其量；至多|At best she would become disabled;at wo

39、rst she would die.|最乐观地看，她会变残废；最糟糕的话，她会死去。|He was,at best,a second-class writer.|他充其量是一个二流作家。|run a/the risk|be in a situation in which sth.bad could happen|冒险；有 风险|He run the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评他的老板。|If you keep working in such a temperature,you will run a ris

40、k of getting heat stroke.|如果你在这样的温度下继续工作，就有中暑的危险。remain/be true to|continue to be loyal to sb.or sth.|忠于|He remains true to his principle.|他忠于自己的原则。|We are true to our cultural traditions.|我们忠于我们的文化传统。object to|oppose or disapprove of sth.|反对；不赞成I|Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contrac

41、t.|罗布森强烈反对合同中的条件。|I objected to having to rewrite the article.|我反对重写这篇文章。accuse sb.of sth.|say that sb.has done sth.wrong or is guilty of sth.|指控；控告I|Some parents are accused of being careless with their childrens health.|人们指责有些家长不关心孩子的健康。|He accused them of drinking beer while driving.|他控告他们驾车喝啤酒。t

42、hrow out|make sb.leave a place,school,organization,etc.because they have done sth.against the rules|开除；解雇I|Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work.，也 6 J 的工会被指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。|These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests.|这两位著名的运动员山于没有通过药检被逐出奥运会。