语法填空题命题分析及解题技巧讲义--2023届高考英语复习备考.pdf

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1、语 用-r jj=VXZS-=-酸-滤 酚 析 磁 藕 班 义一、命题分析语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。共 有10个小题，分值15分。旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，体现了语言测试的交际性原则。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。1.给出提示词的考查内容包括：词 性 转 换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比较等级变化；动词的时态、语态以及非

2、谓语动词等。2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括：根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。二、解题步骤（一）通读全文，把握大意解题之前，我们首先应通读全文，了解大意。这一步很重要，因为一些空格是要通过对全文结构的整体把握来确定正确答案的。此外，谓语动词也必须在把握动作发生的时间后才能确定其时态。（-）结合语境，试填空格读懂材料以后，要结合所提供的特定语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析设空处所缺单词的意思及词性，从上下文的逻辑及搭配的关系去确定所给提示词在文章中的正确形式。（三）再读全文，验证复查在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好

3、后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍，纠正之前错误，最后确定正确答案。三、解题技巧（-）不给出提示词填空题的解题技巧这种考查形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握情况以及对习语和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要涉及连词、冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、复合句和特殊句式等。由于没有提示词，因此需要考生根据短文大意和上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析和理解等来确定空格处在句中的功能，界定其词性，进而明确其意义，最后确定其正确形式。1.如果句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。【考例 1 Do you,for instance,feel that too much is being expected o

4、f37，and yet find it impossible to say no?解析：youo主句的主语是y o u,所以宾语从句中仍然使用宾格you作为介词 o f的宾语。【考例 2 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoringme,he says,In a minute,“but still checks to see if 38 has postedsomething new on the internet.解析：someone/somebody0宾语从句中缺主语，根据句意可知应填someone/somebo

5、dy02.名词前面若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能填限定词。【考例 3】The adobe dwellings（土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians ofthe American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern ofarchitects and engineers.解析：the。形容词最高级前加the。【考 彳 列 4 Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.Heowned 16farm,which looked

6、 almost abandoned.解析：a。farm在文中是第一次出现，且表示泛指。3.如果句子不缺主语、表语或宾语，在名词或代词前面一般填介词。【考 彳 列 5】In India,for example,most people traditionally eat _50 theirhands.解析：witho w计 h+表示具体工具的名词，意为“用【考例 6 The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 morethan two years.解析：for。此处for表示时间的长短。4.若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词，则可能填

7、连词。【考例 7 In much of Asia,especially the so-called rice bowl cultures ofChina,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析：ando此处列举了一些亚洲国家，它们之间是并列关系。【考例 8 But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a fewmonths.解析：or。此处表示选择关系，指那条河流没有在几天内或几个月内发生改变。5.若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号、破折号或句号，一般

8、填并列连词或从属连词。(1)并歹峋【考 彳 列 91 It was time for her to have a new baby,70 it was also timefor the young panda to be independent.解析：ando此处两个分句之间为并列关系，故使用ando(2)名词性从句【考例 10】Eventually,I decided to follow her and _26 happened trulyamazed me.解析：whato连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。【考例 11】Hes so addicted to it that he

9、 just cant stand the idea 34 theremay be an important text.解析：thato连接词that引导同位语从句，且在从句中不作成分。【考例 12】I didnt understand 20 this would happen and my credit cardhad already been charged for the reservation.解析：whyo连接副词why引导宾语从句并在从句中作状语表示原因。(3)定语从句【考例 13 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days

10、on a TVshow in the mid-1980s,_65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted tofilm a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：when。先行词the mid-1980s指时间且定语从句中不缺少主干成分，缺少状语，故用关系副词when来引导。【考例 14 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47 lived from rough

11、ly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development ofchopsticks.解析：who。先行词Confucius(孔子)指人，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。【考例 15 Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seekingthe limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are picturedby artists in so many Chinese paintings.解析：that/whicho

12、本题中定语从句的先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故填 that/whicho(4)状语从句【考例 16】Over time,_45 the population grew,people began cuttingfood into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析：as/when。as/when引导时间状语从句。【考例 17 The first parking space I found was convenient,but Id noticeda woman in a blue car circling for a while.25

13、I was in a good mood,I lether have it.解析：As/Because/Sinceo as/because/since 引导原因状语从句。6.若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能填情态动词或表示强调或疑问的助动词(do,does,did 等)。【考例 18】Remember,however,that you should usually consultdifferent types of sources.That is,you 51 always rely just on the Internet foryo

14、ur research.解析：shouldnto 由前文you should usually consult different types ofsources可知，空格处应填情态动词shouldnt,表示 不应该。【考例 19】Then the driver stoop up and asked,68 anyone lose asuitcase at the last stop?解析：Dido本句为一般疑问句，且全篇文章是一般过去时态，故用do的过去式。7.根据特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)根据“it is.that”强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。【考例 20 But li

15、ke so many other things,it is only too much stress 34does you harm.解析：th a t。考查强调句型，本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。(2)根据倒装句式判断，是填构成部分倒装条件的only,so,neither,never,hardly 等，还是填 do,does,did 等。【考例 21 Not until I returned 32 I realize that a quiet town life was thebest for me.解析：did。not until.位于句首时，主句要用部分倒

16、装，且主从句时态保持一致，故填did。(3)根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填忆【考例 22 Jane was walking round the department store.Sheremembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present forher father.解析：it。it作形式主语，替代真正的不定式主语t。choose a suitableChristmas present for her fathero（4）根据习惯用法或固定搭配判断。【考例 23】But my conne

17、ction with pandas goes back 64 my days on aTV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporterpermitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation inthe wild.解析：to。考查动词的固定搭配goback t。追溯到【考例 24】So,get an early start and try to be as productive 65possible before lunc

18、h.解析：as.,考查习惯用法as.as possible尽可能地.8.根据常识和上下文语境来判断语义和词形。【考例 25】Unbelievable!Oh.,if you dont mind,Ill stop and takea deep 70_.解析：breath。根据上下文语境，Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸让自己平静下来。【考例 26 Every kind of communication is important.It is 54 importantwhat kind of call we make or letter we send.What is importa

19、nt is that we letothers know we care about them.解析：note根据句意 打何种电话，寄何种信件不重要，重要的是我们要让对方知道我们在乎他们。”可知，填 not。（二）给出提示词填空题的解题技巧。1.若句中缺少谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所填动词就是谓语动词，需要考虑动词时态、语态以及数的变化。【考例 27 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63_（be）often acceptable.解析：is。考查主谓一致，单个动名词短语作主语，视为单数。【考例

20、 28】In recent years,stress 33(regard)as a cause of a wholerange of medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness.解析：has been regardedo考查时态和语态，本句的时间状语in recentyears常和现在完成时连用,且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。2.若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所填动词就是非谓语动词。用动词-ing形式(动名词或现在分词)、-ed形式还是不定式形式，确定的

21、方法主要有以下几种：(1)作宾语，通常用动名词或动词不定式形式。【考例 29】My ambassadorial duties will include 67(introduce)Britishvisitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center inthe misty mountains of Bifengxia.解析：introducingo 动词include后接动名词作宾语。【考 彳 列 30 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the

22、adobedwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without 64(use)electric equipment.解析：usingo介词without后接动名词作宾语。【考例 31】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but herefused_ 66(stop)until we reached the next stop.解析：to stopo动词refuse后接不定式作宾语。(2)作表语，通常用现在分词或过去分词形式。一些表示心理活动

23、的动词，用过去分词作表语时，多位于系动词(be,become,feel,get,look,seem等)之后，表示主语本身(一般为人)“感到的”；用现在分词作表语时，表示主语(一般为物)“令人的”。【考 彳 列 32 Do you find yourself getting impatient or 38_(annoy)withpeople over unimportant things?解析：annoyedo空格处和形容词impatient构成并列关系和系动词get构成系表结构，填 annoyed 恼怒的，生气的，表示你变得生气。考例 331 For some reason he sat be

24、side Mary.Mary felt 18(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.解析：pleased。空格处在系动词feel后构成系表结构，填pleased“高兴的”，表示Mary感到高兴。(3)作定语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。【考 彳 列 34 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TVshow in the mid-1980s,whe

25、n I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation inthe wild.解析：permittedo 被修饰名词reporter和 permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。【考 彳 列 35】For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to findsomething 64(eat)!解析：to eato动词不定式作something的后置定语。【考例 36 Aberc

26、rombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,saysit regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70(live)in Shanghaiand Hong Kong.解析：living。被修饰名词people和 live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作定语。(4)作状语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用动词不定式形式。【考例 37 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 4

27、3(create)special designs.解析：to createo 动词不定式作目的状语。【考例 38】When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heatand are now cold enough 66(cool)the house during the hot day.解析：tocool。形容词+enough”后接不定式作结果状语。作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语，常用分词形式。与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，就用过去分词。【考例 39 People probably cooked thei

28、r food in large pots,44(use)twigs(树 枝)to remove t解析：usingo use与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语表示主动。【考例 40 31(shock),I took it from her automatically.She smiledand walked away.解析：Shockedo shock与逻辑主语I 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语表示被动。(5)作补语，通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。【考例 41】As

29、 I back into my car,I saw the same lady 28(look)inat me.解析：looking0空格处作感官动词see的宾补，根据“同一位女士看着我”可知，应用现在分词looking表示主动或正在进行的动作。考例 42 While she was getting me 34(settle)into a tiny but cleanroom,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to asmall town some 20 kilometers away whe

30、re there was a garage.解析：settled 空格处作使役动词get的宾补，根 据“我是被她安置在房间里”，故用过去分词表示被动的动作。3.作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表示性质或状态)，通常用形容词形式。【考例 43 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wildfemale panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 63(care)mother.解析：caring或 careful。修饰名词mother应用形容词。【考例 44】Just be 70(

31、patience).解析：patiento系动词be后接形容词构成系表结构4.修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词形式。【考例 45】The title will be 63(official)given to me at a ceremony inLondon.解析：officially。修饰动词要用副词。考例 46 17(lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk everyday.解析：Luckily。修饰整个句子要用副词。【考例 47】He must be 20(mental)disabled.解析：mentally。修饰形容词disab

32、led,要用副词。5.形容词和副词还要看是否有比较等级的变化，即用原级、比较级还是最高级。【考 彳 列 48 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you shouldtake a step back and identify(识另U)those of 61(great)and lessimportance.解析：greatero 空格处与比较级less是并列关系。【考 彳 列 49 Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl.Itwas 32(nice)g

33、ift Id ever received,and I was from a complete stranger.解析：the nicest。根据定语从句Id ever received”可知，空格处应用最高级形式。6.作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语时，前面可能有形容词修饰，一般用名词形式。【考例 50 Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel areal sense of 62(achieve).解析：achievemento介词of后接名词形式作宾语。【考例 51 Any smell might attract nat

34、ural 65(enemy)that would tryto eat the little panda.解 析：enemieso动词后接名 词 形 式 作 宾 语，此 处natural enemies天敌，应用 复 数 形 式。7.在 指 示 代 词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠 词(+形 容 词)”后，常用名词形式。【考例 52 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48(develop)ofchopstick

35、s.解 析：developmento 冠词 the 后 接 名 词，the+名词+of.意为.的【考 彳 列 53】In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobedwellings admirable is their 63(able)to air condition a house withoutusing electric equipment.解 析：abilityo形 容 词 性 物 主 代 词their后 接 名 词。8.当确定所填的词是名词时，要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数，若是可数名 词，要 注 意 单、复数形式。【考

36、彳 列 54 The nursery team switches him every few 69(day)withhis sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum shenever suspects.解 析：dayso few修饰 复 数 名 词。9.代 词 可 能 涉 及 人 称 代 词 的 主 格 与 宾 格、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词以及反身代词之间的转换。【考例 55 On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that

37、had been rejected by 68(it)mother.解 析：依。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，此 处 指 代 前 面 的twin,故 用itso【考例 56】Then the driver stoop up and asked,Did anyone lose asuitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,Oh dear!It is69(I)解 析：me/mine。此处可理解为“丢行李箱的人是我”或者“那个行李箱是我的”。10.括号中所给词是动词，也有可能是考查词类转换，涉及动词与名词、形容词或副词之间的转换。【考例

38、57】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggestbuilding,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top61(attract).解析：attractiono 形容词top后面跟名词形式。【考例 58 When we were wondering what to do,the manager came out.She was 22(surprise)helpful.解析：surprisinglyo副词surprisingly在句中作状语，修饰形容

39、词helpful。考例 59 But Jane knew from past experience that her 36(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析：choiceo形容词性物主代词her修饰名词。11.固定搭配或常用句型。【考例 60 It could be anything gardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,70(make)sure its a relief from daily stressrather than another thing to worr

40、y about.解析：make。祈使句以动词原形开头。【考例 61 It took years of work 65(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：to reduce。it takes+时 间+to do something花多少时间做某事。【考例 62】Apparently,I had difficulty 31(adapt)myself to life inthe city,let alone finding a job to my delight.解析：adaptingo have difficulty(in

41、)doing something做某事有困难”。12.根据句子意思及前后文逻辑关系，括号中所给词有可能是考查词类转换,并兼顾考查其意义相反的派生词，即需要加具有否定意义的前缀dis-,im-,-ir,non-,un-等，或后缀-less等，这一点虽然目前高考没有涉及，但最容易忽略，需要同学们留意。【考例 63Most people work because it i s(a v o i d).By contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work.解析：unavoidableo根据后文相比之下，有一些人真的享受工作”可知，前文内容是“

42、大多数人工作是因为工作是不可避免的”，故填形容词unavoidable作表语。【考例 64He walked in the s t r e e t(a i m),not knowing whereto go.解析：aimlesslyo根据后文“不知该往何处去”可知，前文内容是“他在街上漫无目的地走”，故填副词aimlessly修饰动词。【考 彳 列 65Although the life detector has m a n y(a d v a n t a g e),it is still of much help to our rescue.解析：disadvantages。根据后文“它依然对营救工作有很大帮助”可知，前文内容是 虽然生命探测器有许多缺点”，故填名词复数disadvantages作宾语。