新概念英语第二册Lesson21知识点梳理.pdf

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1、LESSON 2 1如何讲述生活理念：坚守家园的疯子Part 1词汇脱口秀1.Mad adj.疯1）发疯；go mad/crazy昨天，你发现有人在深更半夜，在房顶上唱歌。*A man was singing loudly on the roof of his house at mid-night.你断定：这家伙一定是疯了。This guy must have gone mad/crazy.或：This guy must have been mad/crazy.由于他的难听的歌声，你一夜没合眼，你会说：The terrible noise of his song drove me mad/cr

2、azy last night.go insane歌词：Oceans apart,day after day.And I slowly go insane.我们远隔重洋，日复一日。思念之情让我渐渐变得失常。*insanity n.疯 狂*Linsanity n.这个词是 华盛顿邮报给 NBA华裔球星林书豪（Jeremy Lin）起的绰号。林书豪从在NBA选秀会上落榜，到立足NBA联盟，再到2012你年效力纽约尼克斯New York Knicks表现神勇一夕成名，掀 起“林风暴”。他的经历被华裔导演梁伊丹拍成了纪录片Linsanity.go nuts/bananas 发疯，发飙My mom wen

3、t nuts/bananas when I told her I would quit school.当我告诉妈妈我要退学，妈妈勃然大怒。g。postal（上世纪90年代初美国发生几起邮局员工被辞退后，持枪枪杀邮局同事的事件，go postal去邮局就变成俚语表示，发疯了）To go postal means to become very angry and behave in a violent way.当他的女朋友甩了他，他简直疯了。（听 记 1）dump v.原本表示丢弃垃圾,引申为 甩掉 某人，to end a relationship with someonebe out of on

4、es mind造句：Frank竟然相信了那个老巫婆，一定是疯了。（听 记 2）2）发疯的人，疯子：madman,maniacA maniac is a crazy person who is violent and dangerous.当然，生活中，也可以形容一个人抓狂的状态。比如，一个 男 生 Peter早上要参加一个重要的考试，醒来发现睡过头了。于是脸也不洗，头也不梳，直接疯狂奔向地铁站。Peter ran like a madman/maniac to the subway station.他像个疯子似的跑向地铁站。晚上，在马路上，你看到一辆车以120码的超速行驶，从眼前疾驰而过，你会说

5、：The driver isdriving like a maniac.那个司机像个疯子似地开车。3）疯人院：funny farm/mental asylum（asylum sal Ism n.收容所）4）极其喜欢：be mad/crazy about sthJohn对于体育特别着迷/酷爱体育。John is mad about sports.John is crazy about sports.口 语中可以说；John is a sports junkie.（junkie原意是吸毒上瘾的人，形容痴迷者）A technology junkie 科技迷A TV junkie电视迷口语中：电视迷也

6、可叫做：couch potato“沙发上的土豆”John is mad about Mary.John 疯狂地喜欢 Mary.4）生气：be mad at sb区别：John is mad at Mary.John 很生 Mary 的气。（=John is angry at/with Mary）2.Reason n.1）原因常用句式：表达某件事的原因the reason why+句子the reason that+句 子（that也可以不要）the reason for/behind+词组每件事的发生一定有原因。Everything happens for a reason.或者：There

7、must be a reason behind everything that happens.一件事发生了，我们常常希望知道它为什么发生。We would like to explore the reason why something has happened.比如：我们想知道为什么地球绕着太阳转。We wish to understand the reason why the earth goes around the sun.我们希望知道为什么有些国家富有些国家穷。We wish to understand the reason why some countries are poor

8、but others are rich.我们想了解一个人行为的原因；比如：一 个 人 Bill Gates从哈佛辍学了，我们会问为什么这样做呢？What was the reason for his decision to drop out of Harvard?We would like to know the reason why Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard.他辞职的原因是他要创业。The reason（that）he dropped out was he wanted to start his own business.在美国口语中也常说：The

9、reason he dropped out was because he wanted to start his own business.注意：在美国口语中人们常用一个句式：The reason.is because.从语法上说，because并不需要，但是，这样说的人实在是太多了。也变成了习惯。比如：我喜欢英语的原因是，英文可以帮助我了解世界。（听 记 3）2）理 智（一个能明白事物原因，理由的人）只有人类才有理性思考的能力。Only human beings are capable of reason.=Only human beings can think in a logical w

10、ay.如 果 个人失去理智，他就疯了。When a man loses his reason,he will go mad.造句：当他听说股市暴跌，他几乎失去了理智。When he heard the news that the stock market had crashed,he almost lost his reason.3 Sum n.1）数 量=amount一大笔钱：a large sum of money=a large amount of money注意：后面是不可数名词如果要表达，一大群人：a large number of people大量的工作：a large numbe

11、r of jobs造句：由于中国经济发展，大量的工作机会被创造出来。A large number of jobs have been created,due to the economic growth of China.大量的企业正在创造大量的财富。（听 记 4）2）总和What is the sum of 3 plus/and 4?The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.3）sum up v.总结：在开会讨论的时候，常用表达：我想用一句话总结一下我的观点。Let me sum up my ideas in one sentence.我可否把目前我们已经达成的共识作个概括？Can I

12、 just sum up what weve agreed so far?总结的时候：To sum up/In sum总之，学好英文的最好方法是背诵新概念，并且练习故事转述。To sum up/In sum,the best way to master English is to recite New Concept English andpractice/practise story-retelling skills.4.Determine v.1）下决心If you determine to do something,or if you are determined to do it,yo

13、u make a firm decision to do it.用法：determine to do=be determined to do（determined adj.表 示“有决心的，坚定的”）博尔特决心打破一百米世界纪录。Bolt determined to break the world record in the 100 meters.（=Bolt was determined to.）邓亚萍是个意志坚定的人。她绝不会轻易放弃。（听 记 5）邓亚萍获得过18次世界冠军包括4 次奥运冠军，被评为历史上最伟大的运动员之一。She won eighteen world champions

14、hips including four Olympic championships.She is regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport.而邓亚萍在退役后，从零开始学英文，直到最后拿到剑桥大学的博士。这种意志力和决心给我们所有的英语学习者树立了榜样。决心就是：determination有足够的决心和努力，你一定能征服英语。With enough determination and hard work,you will conquer English in no time.2）决定在生活中很有事情的相

15、互联系，相互制约的关系。A determines B=B depends on A=A is a determinant of B造句：想法决定行动。Your thoughts determine your actions.行动塑造了性格。Your actions build your character.性格决定了命运。Your character determines your destiny综上所述，结论是：命运取决于想法。Your destiny depends on your thoughts.Your thoughts are the determinant of your des

16、tiny.所 以，你的梦想，志向决定了成就。Your ambition determines your achievement.【听记答案】1.He went postal when his girlfriend dumped him.2.Frank must be out of his mind to believe that witch.3.The reason I like English is because English helps me understand the world.4.A large number of businesses are creating a large

17、 amount of wealth.5.Deng Yaping is a determined person.She will never easily give up.LESSON 2 1如何讲述生活理念：坚守家园的疯子Part 2句型精讲1.A e r o p l a n e s are slowly driving m e m a d.注意：这里的时态，用现在进行时。现在进行时用法：可 以 表 达 一 种“现阶段逐渐变化”的思维，并 不 是 强 调“此时此刻”。造 句：天色渐晚，我得走了。It is getting late.I gotta go.天色渐渐变暗。（听 记1）我的努力渐渐有

18、了回报。My efforts are paying off.我的梦想正在渐渐变为现实。My dreams are coming true.情况在渐渐好转。Things are getting better/improving.你的英语能力正逐渐变强。Your English skills are becoming powerful.*如果你要表达一个事让你无法忍受了，你可以说:Something is driving me mad/crazy.造句练习：最近每天要工作15小时，工作要把我逼疯了。Michael has to work 15 hours a day.He said,“The wo

19、rk is driving me mad.”(=I cant bear this anymore)考试要把我逼疯了。我每天只能睡5 个小时。（听 记 2）一个中国留学生刚出国的时候，连续吃了一个月的汉堡，实在受不了说：Eating burgers is driving me crazy.（I cant stand eating burgers anymore.）我宁可饿死也不愿再吃一个汉堡。I would rather die from hunger than eat one more burger.一个大龄青年说：我妈老在我面前唠叨催我结婚，我要被逼疯了。My mom is driving

20、me crazy,as she is always nagging me to get married.注意：nag v.表示唠叨nag sb to do唠叨催某人做事2.Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes bythe noise.1）复习预测的表达：must have done表示对于过去事情的比较肯定推测may/might/could have done表示对过去事情的不是特别肯定推测1998年 NBA总决赛，乔丹在终场前5.2秒投出最后一个球，公牛队8 7 比86 反超犹它爵士。只要最后5.2

21、 秒钟，比分不变的话，公牛队将赢得总决赛的胜利。3 5 岁的乔丹将第六次获得NBA总冠军。但是，他也很可能就此退役。于是，这个最关键的致胜一球可能将是乔丹在NBA赛场上最后的一投。解说员深情说：“That may have been,who knows what will unfold over the next several months,but that may havebeen the last shot Michael Jordan will ever take in the NBA.”那可能会是一没有人知道接下来的几个月会发生什么一但是，那可能会是迈克尔乔丹，在 NBA所投出的最后

22、一球。2）表达：drive sb.away表示赶走To drive people away means to make them want to go away or stay away,drive v.表示驱逐，驱动的意思造句：犯罪率上升，使得很多游客被吓跑了。（听 记 3）3.复 习 一 下 被 动 语 态：【大家结 合 第 10课复习】在 第 10课，我曾提到过一个中英文的差异“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，特别注意，在英文如果翻译成中文的时候，不是都翻译成中文中的被字句，很多情况会翻译成主动语态。1）用被动语态的场合：场 合 1：强调动作接受者Sometimes I think this

23、house will be knocked down by a passing plane.（中文译文：“有时我觉得这房子快要被飞过的飞机撞到了，这句话强调房子的环境恶劣，主角是房子这个“动作接受者”）那么，如果你要强调飞机飞得很低，几乎能撞到房子，该如何表达？A passing plane will almost knock down this house.场 合 2：动作发出者不知道是谁I have been offered a large sum of money to go away.（比较：中文表达的时候，要变成主动，“有人曾给我一大笔钱让我搬家”，而不是“我被给了一笔钱搬家”）场

24、合 3：动作发出者显而易见无需提到Passing planes can be heard night and day.（省略了 by people/by us）中文：过往飞机的声音昼夜不停。不要翻译成“被听到”本句要注意的另外两个语言点：现在分词作定语：要注意：A passing plane这 里 的 passing是一个现在分词作为修饰词，表 示“正在进行的动作状态”行驶通过的一 一 艘船：a passing boat空中飞翔的小鸟：a flying bird日出：冉冉升起的朝阳：the rising sun落日：徐徐落下的夕阳：ihe setting sun 格林童话中 的“睡美人”：sl

25、eeping beauty注意区别：动名词作定语表示功能。A swimming pool不 是“正在游泳的池子”而 是“用于游泳的池子精彩表达：night and day=day and night 昼夜不停，夜以继日类似表达：all the time 或 around the clock 或 24/7造句：这家便利店24 小时开业。The convenience store is open 24/7.Mike昼夜不停地打网络游戏。Mike was playing on-line games day and night.医 生 24小时连轴工作抢救病人的生命。（听 记 4）【听记答案】1.It

26、 is getting dark outside.2.The exams are driving me mad.I can only sleep 5 hours a day.3.Increased crime is driving tourists away.4.Doctors are working around the clock to save the patients life.LESSON 2 1如何讲述生活理念：坚守家园的疯子Part 3转述演练【转述练习】中英文对照转述场景：你的表哥Kenny,他住在机场旁边，飞机的噪音不绝于耳，但是他却不肯搬家。有一次，在机场等飞机的时候，你和

27、一个外国朋友在聊天，聊到飞机的噪音，你突然想到了 Kenny和机场的故事。于是和这位朋友讲了起来：住在机场附近可能是一场噩梦。Living near an airport can be a nightmare.在过去的几个月中，那就是我表哥Kenny所经历的事。And that is what my cousin Kenny has experienced in the past few months.过往的飞机声音一周7 天 24小时不停，飞机的噪音渐渐把他给逼疯了。Passing planes can be heard almost 24/7 and aircraft noise is d

28、riving him mad.你可能想知道为啥他会选择住在机场旁边，他疯了吗？You may wonder why he chose to live near an airport.Was he crazy?至少，在他搬到那定居的时候，并不是如此。At least,it was not the case when he decided to settle down there.这个机场在二战时建的，但是当时废弃不用了。The airport was built during World War 2,but it was deserted then.然而，不知为何去年又重新启用了However,

29、somehow it came into use last year.【注意：somehow=for some reason=for a certain reason此外：come into use表示启用，有被动的含义=start being used造句：互联网在二十世纪初开始被普遍使用。Internet came into common use in the early 20th century 从那时起,睡觉对Kenny来说成了大问题，他一直被失眠症所折磨。Since then,sleeping has been a big problem for Kenny and he has s

30、uffered from insomnia（失眠）.那令人难以忍受的噪音肯定已经让100多人弃家而去。The unbearable noise must have driven over a hundred people away from their homes.而且，更多的人正在考虑搬家。And more people are thin king about moving.只有极少数人决定留下来，Kenny就是其中一个。Very few people have decided to stay and Kenny is one of them.有时，飞机飞得离他的房子如此得近，他感觉自己的房

31、子就要被飞机撞到。Sometimes the planes are flying so close to his house that he thinks the house will be knocked downby a passing plane.【注意：think不仅仅表示认为和思考，可以表示“觉得”】当地政府让他搬家，而且曾提给他一大笔钱作为补偿The local government asked him to relocate and has offered him a handsome amount of money ascompensation.【注意：handsome adj

32、.大 量 的 as compensation作为补偿】但是，Kenny拒绝了补偿。他很坚定地要留下来。But Kenny has refused the offer and he is determined to stay.大家都说他一定是疯了才会继续住在那，但是我想Kenny只是不愿意离开他深爱的家乡。Everyone says he must be crazy to continue living there,but I think Kenny is just reluctant to leave hisbeloved hometown.【转述练习】全英文（请在课后自行练习）Living

33、near an airport can be a nightmare.And that is what my cousin Kenny has experienced in thepast few months.Passing planes can be heard almost 24/7 and aircraft noise is driving him mad.You may wonder why he chose to live near an airport.Was he crazy?At least,it was not the case whenhe decided to sett

34、le down there.The airport was built during World War 2,but it was deserted then.However,somehow itcame into use last year.Since then,sleeping has been a big problem for Kenny and he has sufferedfrom insomnia（失眠）.The unbearable noise must have driven over a hundred people away from theirhomes.And mor

35、e people are thinking about moving.Very few people have decided to stay and Kennyis one of them.Sometimes the planes are flying so close to his house that he thinks the house will be knocked downby a passing plane.The local government asked him to relocate and has offered him a handsomeamount of mon

36、ey as compensation.But Kenny has refused the offer and he is determined to stay.Everyone says he must be crazy to continue living there,but I think Kenny is just reluctant to leave hisbeloved hometown.【文化延伸】住在机场附近的危害这课讲到机场附近住户的烦恼。The problems of living near an airport.住在机场旁边有啥问题？What are the problem

37、s?Problem NO1:Noise Pollution暴露在过度的噪音中会造成高血压和睡眠障碍。Exposure to excessively（极度）loud noise can cause higher blood pressure and sleep difficulties.飞机噪音对于孩子也有负面影响，会造成阅读上的障碍。Aircraft noise can also lead to reading problems in kids.根据国外的另一项研究：如果住在机场六英里（大 概 10公里）以内的范围，更有可能患上心脏的疾病和哮喘病。Living within six miles

38、 of an airport makes people much more likely to suffer heart problems andasthma（2ezmon.哮喘）.Problem NO2:Air pollution当飞机在停机坪上发动机空转，或者在跑道上滑行时，会排除大量污染物一氧化碳。When planes are idling（空转）or taxiing（滑行）on runways,pollutant carbon monoxide（一氧化碳）is pumped out in large quantities.飞机排放的这些污染物气体可能导致严重疾病：比如癌症，肝损伤，以

39、及肺病等。These pollutants can lead to diseases such as cancer,liver damage,and lung disease.但是，课文中的主人公，宁可忍受双重的污染，也不搬家。在中国，这样的人被叫做“钉子户”；有人把钉子户直译为，“nailhouse，这样拒绝搬迁的家 庭 叫 做,unail household v 或者 ustubborn nailn o其实，在英文中钉子户对应的英文是：holdoutHoldout原意就是拒不退让的人。A holdout can be a person who refuses to cooperate.可以

40、指在房地产开发时，拒绝搬迁的房子。A holdout also refers to a house that did not become part of a larger real estate development.所以，你在国外也能看到很有趣的景象：在一个现代风格的写字楼中间，有一幢小的住宅，和周围环境格格不入。Why通常两种原因。房主不想卖房，或者说他们需要更多的补偿。Some house owners refused to sell because they wanted more than the developer would pay.当然，也有人可能是特别眷恋自己的乡土。Of course,some owners refused to leave because of the attachment to their homeland.你觉得我们这篇文章的作者拒绝了巨额的赔偿，应该属于后者吧。I think he belongs to the latter（n.后者）.