高二英语第二单元(newsmedia)教案.pdf

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1、【本章重点难点】I.Ho t w o r d s a n d h o t p h r a s e s常用词与常用词组1.It t a k e s a v e r y u s u a l m i n d t o u n d e r t a k e t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e o bv i o u s.(P.1)动词u n d e r t a k e及形容词o bv i o u s的用法2.Ea c h gr o u p m e m be r r e p r e s e n t s a br a n c h o f s c i e n c e.(P.2)动词r

2、e p r e s e n t及名词br a n c h的用法3.Sc a n t h e t e x t t o a n s w e r t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.(P.3)动 词s c a n的词义及用法4.Im a gi n e t h i s：y o u a r e t w e n t y-o n e y e a r s o l d a n d a p r o m i s i n g gr a d u a t e s t u d e n t a t o n e o f t h e t o pu n i v e r s i t i

3、 e s i n t h e w o r l d.(P.3)p r o m i s i n g在此句中的意思，gr a d u a t e作动词、名词的用法5.Y e t t w o y e a r s h a d go n e by a n d I w a s n o t t h a t m u c h w o r s e.(P.3)动词g。b y的词义及用法6.In f a c t,t h i n gs w e r e go i n g r a t h e r w e l l f o r m e a n d I h a d go t t e n e n ga ge d t o a v e

4、r y n i c e gi r l Ja n eWi l d e.(P.3)动词e n ga ge的词义及用法7.Si n c e t h e n,Ha w k i n g h a s c o n t i n u e d t o s e e k a n s w e r s t o q u e s t i o n s a bo u t t h e n a t u r e o f t h e u n i v e r s e.(P.3)动词s e e k的词义及用法8.Sc i e n t i s t s.k n o w t h a t t h e i r j o b i s n e v e r

5、f i n i s h e d a n d t h a t e v e n t h e be s t t h e o r y c a n t u r n o u t t obe w r o n g.(P.4)动词短语t u r n o u t的词义及用法9.F i r s t,t h e y c a r e f u l l y o bs e r v e w h a t t h e y a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n.(P.4)动词o bs e r v e的词义及用法10.F i n a l l y,t h e s c i e n t i s t s t e s t

6、t h e t h e o r y t o s e e i f i t m a t c h e s w h a t t h e y h a v e s e e n a n d i f i t c a n p r e d i c tf u t u r e e v e n t s.(P.4)动词m a t c h和p r e d i c t的词义及用法11.T h e It a l i a n a s t r o n o m e r Ga l i l e o Ga l i l e i w a s s o c u r i o u s t h a t h e i n v e n t e d bo t

7、h a m i c r o s c o p e.(P.7)形容词c u r i o u s的词义及用法。12.B y a s k i n g w h y,h o w a n d w h a t i f,c u r i o u s m i n d s f i n d n e w i d e a s a n d s o l u t i o n s.(P.7)名 词s o l u t i o n的词义与用法13.We m u s t a l s o be l i e v e i n w h a t w e d o e v e n w h e n o t h e r s d o n*t.(P.7)动词

8、词组be l i e v e i n与be l i e v e的词义及用法的区别。II.La n gu a ge p o i n t s a n d gr a m m a r f o c u s 语言点与语法重点A.La n gu a ge p o i n t s 语言点1.T h e r e d i d n o t s e e m m u c h p o i n t i n w o r k i n g o n m y P h D-I d i d n o t e x p e c t t o s u r v i v e t h a t l o n g.(P.3)句型T h e r e be.p

9、o i n t i n d o i n g s t h.的句意；t h a t 用作副词的词义及用法2.Ha w k i n g be c a m e f a m o u s i n t h e e a r l y 19 7 0s,w h e n h e a n d A m e r i c a n Ro ge r P e n r o s e m a d e n e w d i s c o v e r i e sa bo u t t h e B i g B a n g bl a c k h o l e s.(P.3)w h e n 用作并列连词时的词义及用法3.Sc i e n c e,o n

10、t h e o t h e r h a n d,Ha w k i n g w r i t e s,k n o w t h a t t h e i r j o b i s n e v e r f i n i s h e d a n d t h a t e v e n t h ebe s t t h e o r y c a n t u r n o u t t o be w r o n g.(P.4)词组o n t h e o t h e r h a n d 的词义及用法4.P e o p l e w h o l i s t e n t o Ha w k i n g*s l e c t u r e

11、s s o m e t i m e s f i n d i t d i f f i c u l t t o u n d e r s t a n d h i m,(P.4)代 词 i t 用作形式宾语时的各种用法5.Ev e r y o n e h a s h i s o r h e r s p e c i a l s k i l l s a n d i n t e r e s t s,a n d o n l y by d i s c o v e r i n g w h a t w e d o be s t c a nw e h o p e t o r e a c h o u r go a l

12、s a n d t r u l y m a k e a d i f f e r e n c e.(P.7)当。n l y 引导状语处于句首时，主句要用倒装的语序B.Gr a m m a r f o c u s 语法重点1.T h e s i m p l e p a s s i v e f o r m o f t h e i n f i n i t i v e s不定式被动语态的一般形式的内涵及用法2.F o u r f u n c t i o n s o f t h e i n f i n i t i v e s u s e d a s a t t r i bu t e,o bj e c t

13、a n d a d v e r bi a l用作主语、定语、宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法III.Sk i l l s o f t h e f o u r e s s e n t i a l a bi l i t i e s：l i s t e n i n g,s p e a k i n g,r e a d i n g a n d w r i t i n g 听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧1.Li s t e n i n g：Ha v e a go o d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a l o n g d i a l o gu e by gr a s

14、 p i n g t h e r e a s o n w h y a n e v e n t h a p p e n s掌握某事发生的原因，很好理解一段较长对话2.Sp e a k i n g：T a l k a bo u t s c i e n c e a n d s c i e n t i s t s谈论科学与科学家3.Re a d i n g：Ho w t o gr a s p t h e c o r e o f a v e r y l o n g s e n t e n c e如何抓住一个长句的核心4.Wr i t i n g：Ho w t o w r i t e a d e s c

15、r i p t i v e p a s s a ge如何写一篇描述性的短文【难点解析】I.Ho t w o r d s a n d h o t p h r a s e s 常用词与常用词组1.It t a k e s a v e r y u n u s u a l m i n d t o u n d e r t a k e t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e o bv i o u s.(P.1)译文：分析明显存在的事情需要非凡的头脑。讲解 undertake（undertook：undertaken）有两个意思。t o take up or start on（or

16、a piece of work esp.one that is difficult or need effect）担任（职位）；着手（艰苦工作等）。后常用名词、代词作其宾语。to promiseor agree答应；同意。后加不定式或that从句作宾语。例句She undertook responsibility for the accident.她承担了这次事故的责任。He undertook to pay back the money within 2 months./He undertook that he would pay back the moneywithin 2 months.

17、他答应两个月之内还钱。He undertook to be here by 10 o*clock./He undertook that he would be here by 10 oclock.他答应10点前到达。讲解 本句中出现的另一个词obvious为形容词，意为显而易见的;明显的“。obviously adv.显而易见地，这类形容词如用定冠词，表示一类事物或人，又如：the rich富人，the disabled残疾人。例句It is obvious that mastering the English language is a must in international trade

18、.很显然，在国际贸易中，掌握英语是必要的。He is obviously mad.is obvious that he is mad.很显然他疯了。2.Each group member represents a branch of science.（P.2）译文：每组成员代表着一个科学分支。讲解 represent v t.意 为“代表”，作此义讲时，它的同义词是“stand for，但 stand f o r 不可用于被动语态。例句She represented president in the conference.在会议上她代表总统。In Chemistry,0 represents

19、Oxygen.在化学中 0 代表氧元素。The rose represents England.玫瑰花是英国的象征。Our company is represented in China by Mr.Smith.史密斯先生是我公司在中国的代理。讲解 branch名词，原意为“树枝”，引申义为“（河流的）支流；（铁路的）支线：（家族的）分 支:（公司的）分店、分公司；（组织的）支部”等。例句和例词His uncles branch of the family moved to Shanghai last year.在他们这个家族中，他叔叔的那一支去年搬到上海了。The bank has bran

20、ches in al I parts of the country.该银行在全国各地都有分行。3.Scan the text to answer the following questions.(P.3)译文：浏览课文，问答下列问题。讲解 scan(scanned；scanned)vt.glance at(e.g.a document)quickly but not very thoroughly 匆匆而粗略地看(文件等)：略读。例句She scanned the newspaper over breakfast.她吃着早餐把报纸大致地读了 遍。She scanned the list of

21、names to see if hers was on it.她扫了一卜名单，看自己的名字是否在上面。4.Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the topuniversities in the world.(P.3)译文：想象一 F：你21岁，是世界一所顶尖大学的一名很有希望的大学毕业生。讲解promising形容词意为“大有希望的；有出息的：有前途的”。该词是promise的同源词。promise作动词或名词时，除了我们较熟悉的“允诺”“诺言”，还有其他意思

22、。作动词时，promise还 有“预示”的意思。作名词时还 有“(有)指望；(有)前途”的意思。例句Al 1 of you are promising if you learn English well.如果你们学好英语，你们非常有前途。The results of the first experiment are very promising.第一次试验结果充满了希望。Its a promising sign.那是一个很好的迹象。It promises to be warm this afternoon.今天下午有望变暖。The clear sky promises fine weather

23、.晴朗的天空预示着好天气。讲解 graduate在此句中为名词，意 为“毕业生二当你步入大学校门，一年级时，你被称为freshman：大二时，被称为sophomore：大三时，被称为junior：大四时;被称为senior：当你已基本完成学业，但尚未取得学1学位时，被称为undergraduate：拿到学上学位后，又继续上硕上或博上，那你就被称为postgraduate,graduate作名词时有时也可指硕士或博士研究生。graduate作动词时，意为“毕业”，后加介词from/at+学校；加介词in+专业：加介词with+学位。例句和例词a graduate nurse一名护士学校毕业的学生

24、a graduate student 一名研究生He graduated in law at Oxford.他毕业于牛津大学法学专业。He graduated from Beijing University wi th a Doctor*s degree in history.他毕业丁北京大学，获得史学博士学位。5.Y e t t w o y e a r s h a d gone b y a nd I w a s not t h a t mu c h w or s e.(P.3)译文：然而两年过去r,我的情况却不是那样糟糕。讲解go by有：个词义。t o pa s s(i n pla c e

25、 or t i me)(时光)流逝：经 过(某 处 b e gu i d e d by依照；遵循，依据.办事。t o j u d ge b y根据.作出判断。作上面、词义讲时不用被动语态。例句A c a r w e nt b y.辆汽车驶过。A s t i me goe s b y /pa s s e s,a l 1 of y ou h a v e gr ow n i nt o b i g b oy s or b i g gi r ls.=W i t h t i me goi ng b y /pa s s i ng,a ll of y ou h a v e gr ow n i nt o b i

26、 g b oy s or b i g gi r ls.随着时光的流逝，你们都长成大小伙子，大姑娘了。Don*t go b y t h a t old ma p：i t mi gh t b e ou t of d a t e.别用那张旧地图，它可能过时了。H e a lw a y s goe s b y t h e r u le s.他总是循规蹈矩。G oi ng b y /J u d gi ng b y h e r c lot h e s,s h e mu s t b e v e r y r i c h.根据她的衣着判断，她一定有钱。6.I n fa c t,t h i ngs w e r e

27、 goi ng r a t h e r w e ll for me a nd I h a d got t e n e nga ge d t o a v e r y ni c e gi r l,J a neW i ld e.(P.3)译文：事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利，我和一位非常好的女孩简怀尔德订了婚。讲解ge t e nga ge d t o s b.意 为“与某人订婚”,注 意：ge t为瞬间动词,意为变成,所以ge t e nga ge d t os b.不可与表一段时间的时间状语连用。表一段时间时，可用b e e nga ge d t o s b.ge t /b e ma r r i e

28、 d t o”与某人结婚”也是如此。牢记本短语的介词t。，不要受汉语影响，误记为w i t h。例句T om got e nga ge d t o M a r y 3 w e e k s a g o.汤姆和玛丽三周前订了婚。T om h a s b e e n e nga ge d t o M a r y for 3 w e e k s.I t i s 3 w e e k s s i nc e T om got e nga ge d t o M a r y.汤姆和玛丽订婚三周了。7.S i nc e t h e n,H a w k i ng h a s c ont i nu e d t o s

29、 e e k a ns w e r s t o qu e s t i ons a b ou t t h e na t u r e of t h e u ni v e r s e.(P.3)译文：自从那时，霍金就一直探求关于宇宙本质问题的答案。讲解 s e e k(s ou gh t,s ou gh t,s e e k i ng)s e e k t o d o s t h(=a t t e mpt t o d o s t h.=t r y t o d o s t h.=d o a s mu c ha s s b.c a n t o d o s t h.=d o a s mu c h a s po

30、s s i b le t o d o s t h.=d o w h a t s b.c a n t o d o s t h.=ma k e a n e ffor t t os t h.=s pa r e no e ffor t t o d o s t h.)设法(试图)做某事；s e e k s t h.寻找、征求、谋求、追求；s e e k a ft e r 追求、企图得到;s e e k for寻求/寻找；s e e k one s for t u ne外出找出路。例句W e s h ou ld c ons t a nt ly s e e k a d v i c e fr om t h e

31、 ma s s e s。我们应不断地听取群众的意见和建议。T he s e b o o k s w e r e e a g e r l y s o u g ht a f t e r.这些书很畅销。They encouraged her to seek for new ways of doing her experiments.他们鼓励她寻找新的实验方法。We sought to change her mind but she refused.我们试图改变她的主意，但是她拒绝了。8.Scientists.know that their job is never finished and that

32、 even the best theory can turn out tobe wrong.(P.4)译文：科学家们知道他们的工作永远不会结束，甚至认为即使最好的理论也可能被证实是错误的。讲解turn out 有:个意思：p roduce 生产，培养；prove 被证实；to come out or gather(as if)for ameeting,public events e t c.群体出动。作 被 证 实 讲 常 用.turn oul(to be)+adj./noun或It turn outthat从句”两种句型。例句This factory can turn out 200 car

33、s a day.这家工厂一天可生产200辆汽车。This school has turned out some first-class scholars.这所学校培养出了一些一流学者。The party turned out a success/successful.=It turned out that the party was a success/successful.=Theparty proved a success/successful.=It proved that the party was a success/successful.=The party workout ver

34、y w ell.这台晚会结果开得很成功。The whole village turned out to welcome him.整个村庄群体出动来欢迎他。9.First,they carefully observe what they are interested in.(P.4)译文：首先，他们对自己感兴趣的事情进行仔细观察。讲解observe vt.If you observe someone or something.you watch them carefully,especially in orderto learn something about them：I f you obse

35、rve someone or something,you see or notice them；I f you observesomething such as a law or custom,you obey it or follow it.例句Did you observe anything unusual in his behavior?你注意到他的行为有什么不寻常吗？I observed that they were late.我注意到他们迟到了。The police observed him entering/enter the bank with a shotgun.警察看到他带着

36、猎枪进入了银行。Do you observe Christmas?你有过圣诞节的习俗吗？10.Finally,the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it canpredict future events.(P.4)译文：最后，科学家们对这项理论作了试验，目的在于了解这项理论是否与他们 所 见 致，以及它是否可以预见未来的事情。讲解 match v.意为”和.相,致;和.相匹配;匹配”；be equal to or find an equal for比得过；敌得过。例句或例词T

37、he curtain doesn*t match the paint.=The curtain and the paint don*t match.这窗帘和油漆不搭配a matching skirt and sweater相配衬的裙子和毛衣we 11-matched husband and wife 十分匹配的夫妻Why not buy some tapes to match(=go with)your book?为什么不买些磁带和你的书配套呐？His latest films dont match his previous ones.他最近的电影不能与以前的媲美。讲解 predict vt.

38、say in advance that(sth)will happen：forecast 预言某事将发生；预报；预告。例句He predicted that the terrorists would attack the USA.他预言恐怖分子会袭击美国.The earthquake had been predicted several months before.这次地震早在几个月前就发布了预告。It is impossible to predict who will win.11.The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was so curious t

39、hat he invented both a microscope.(P.7)译文：意大利天文学家伽利略如此好奇，以至于他发明了显微镜和 讲解 If you are curious about something,you are interested in it and want to know more about it.Ifsomething is curious,it is unusual or difficult to understand.其同源名词是 curiosity.例句I am curious about/as to what happened.我很想知道发生了什么事。The

40、y were curious to know where he had gone.他们好奇地想知道他去了哪。It is curious that he left without saying good-bye.真奇怪，他不辞而别了。12.By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions.(P.7)译文：通过自问事情出现的原因、方式及如果某事发生结果会如何等问题，这些好奇的哲人发现了一的新的观点和一些新的解决问题的方法。讲解 solution可数名词an answer to a difficulty

41、or a problem解决；解答；解法：解决方法。其动词形式 为 solve。另外solution作不可数名词时还有“溶解”的意思；作“溶液，溶剂”讲时，即可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。例句或例词It is very difficult to find a solution to the problem.找出解决此问题的方法太难了。I have bought another dictionary,which is the solution of all the problems.我乂买了 本字典，这样切问题解决了。We must spare no effort to solve the pr

42、oblem.我们必须全力以赴解决这个问题。sugar in solution in water溶于水的糖。13.We must also believe in what we do even when others don*t.(P.7)译文：即使别人不相信，我们自己也要相信自己所做的事情。讲解 believe指相信某人说的话或相信某事是真实的，其后可以接名词、宾语从句、名词+不定式当 believe为被动语态时，其后只能跟不定式结构。believe in指相信某人或某物的本质或特性，后常跟真理、宗教一类的词。例句I believe his words/him/what he said.我相信

43、他的话。I believe in keeping early hours.我相信早睡早起是好的。He doesn*t believe in God.他不相信上帝的存在。I donI believe in him.我不信任他的为人/品质。II.Language points and grammar focus 语言点与语法重点A.Language points 语言点1.There did not seem much point in working on my PhD-I did not expect to survive that long.(P.3)译文：取得博上学位对我来说没有什么意义，

44、我没有期望活那么久。讲解 point在此处为不可数名词，意 为“purpose,advantage；use目的：好处；用途”后面加in或 of+名词/代词/动名词：No point of doing something=No useful purpose would be served by doing it.即“做某事没什么用处”。例句If we have finished our work,there is no point in staying any longer；we may as well go home.如果我们完成了工作，就没有必要再呆下去，我们还不如回家。I cannot s

45、ee the point in trying to persuade himhe 11 never change his mind.我看劝他没用，他不会改变主意的。讲解 that在此处为副词，非正式用语，一般用于疑问句或否定句,意为：so；to such a degree那么；那样;到那种程度。this也有类似的用法。例句It wasnt that good actually.(=it was quite good but not very good.)它实际上没那么好。We havent see all that much of her recently.我们最近没有怎么见过她。Can ha

46、rd work change a person that much?艰苦工作能使人有如此大的变化吗？You dont look that old.你看上去没那么老。2.Hawking became famous in the early 1970s,when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveriesabout the Big Bang black holes.(P.3)译文：霍金是20世纪70年代成名的，他和美国人罗杰 彭罗斯发现了宇宙大爆炸和黑洞的理论.讲解 when在此句中不是从属连词“当的时候”的意思，这 里 when是并列连词

47、，有人也称之为等立连词，意 为 and at this/that time”就 在 这/那 时 中 学 常 见 的 句 型 有：be doing sth.when.某人正在做某事，这时 be about to do sth when.某人刚要做某事,这时 have just done sth when.某人刚做完某事,这时 例句We were having dinner when the telephone rang.我们在吃饭，这时电话响了。We had just finished our work,when he came in.我们刚干完活，这时他进来了。We were about to

48、 go,when the telephone rang.我们刚要走，这时电话响了。3.Science,on the other hand,Hawking writes,know that their job is never finished and that eventhe best theory can turn out to be wrong.(P.4)译文：霍金写道，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论也可能是错误的。讲解 on the other hand 另一方面，用于对比。与 on the one hand 形成对比。即：on the one ha

49、nd.on theother hand.一方面.，另一方面.。(指辩论、考虑、情况等)。The Government seems to me to be inconsistent.On the one hand they say they wish to reduce the costof living,and on the other hand they increase the duties on a number of essential articles.政府在我看来反复无常。他们一方面说，要降低生活费，另一方面又提高许多生活必需品的税收。In this country,food is

50、 cheaper than in Britain；clothing on the other hand,is dearer.这个国家的食品比英国便宜，但另一方面.，衣着比英国贵。4.People who listen to Hawking*s lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him,(P.4)译文：听过霍金报告的人有时发现理解他的报告太难了，讲解i t除作代词外，还可用作引词(anticipatory)引词本身无实义,只起种先行引导的作用。引 词i t不重:读，它可用作形式主语、形式宾语；还可用于强调句型现在让我们学习下i