实验一 环境噪声的测定精品文稿.ppt

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1、实验一 环境噪声的测定Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第1页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCent

2、re for Water Treatment前言交通噪声工业噪声建筑施工社会生活噪声其他城市环境噪声的主要来源:？噪声污染是一种物理性污染，同水体污染、大气污染和固体废物污染不同，它的特点是局部性和没有后效的。第2页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment一 实验目的 三 监测仪器 四 实验步骤五 数据处理二 原理 第3页

3、，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment一 实验目的:1)掌握声级计的使用方法,学会用普通声级计测 量噪声 2)熟练计算 等效声级 统计声级 标准偏差第4页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Re

4、searcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment二、监测点1、城市区域环境噪声的监测2、城市交通噪声的监测3、城市环境噪声的长期监测4、工业企业噪声的监测5、机动车辆噪声的监测第5页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment三

5、、仪器 1)声级计的使用如何使用?测量条件:1)天气条件 无雨 无雪 风速5.5米以下 2)声级计的操作a 距地面垂直距离大于1.2米 b 传声器离人0.5米以上A声级?第6页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment3）使用方法（1）校准（2）根据被测声音的大小选择档位，无法估计的选85130档位（3）时间记权开关置于F或

6、S（变化大的）（4）读数置于“5s”或3s（5）电源开关置于“开”，读数测量（6）关第7页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment1)监测布点四、实验步骤:距离马路边缘20cm处离开路口距离大于50米？第8页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training C

7、entre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment2）现场测量记录数据B手持声级计A记录单行车辆种类和数量C第9页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment3）读数方法）读数方

8、法 声级计置于慢格，每隔5s读一个瞬时A声级，对每一个测量点，连续读取100个数据(当噪声较大时应取200个数据)。读数的同时，要判断测点附近的主要噪声来源(如交通噪声、工厂噪声、施工噪声、居民噪声或其它声源等)，记录周围声学环境。第10页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment五、数值处理五、数值处理五、数值处理五、数值

9、处理 由于环境噪声是随时间而起伏的无规则噪声，由于环境噪声是随时间而起伏的无规则噪声，因此测量结果一般用统计值或等效声级来表示。因此测量结果一般用统计值或等效声级来表示。1 1累积分布值累积分布值L10L10、L50L50、L90L90与标准偏差与标准偏差 L10 L10表示表示10%10%的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的平均的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的平均峰值；峰值；L50 L50表示表示50%50%的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的平均值；的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的平均值；L90 L90表示表示90%90%的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的本底的时间超过的噪声级，相当于噪声的本底值。

10、值。第11页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment 计算方法：将100个数据按从大到小的顺序排列，第10个数据即为L10，第50个数据即为L50，第90个数据即为L90，标准偏差 式中：Li 测得的第i个声级 L 测得声级的算术平均值 n 测得声级的总个数第12页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstrat

11、ion Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment2等效声级 是声级的能量平均值，定义：式中：Lt时刻t的噪声级。在本方法条件下：第13页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for

12、 Water TreatmentWater Treatment 如果数据符合正态分布，其累积分布在正态概率坐标上为一直线，即可用近似公式：并有：第14页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment3）结果表达第15页，本讲稿共16页Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment什么样的噪声对人危害更大?思考题:第16页，本讲稿共16页