2022考研英语写作：七大常见语法错误（定稿）.docx

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1、2022考研英语写作：七大常见语法错误（定稿） 第一篇：2022考研英语写作：七大常见语法错误定稿 :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ 考研英语写作：七大常见语法错误 考研英语写作始终以来都是宽阔考研考生在考研英语复习中的一大难点，考场上40分钟的写作，时间特殊惊慌，好多同学在写完之后就束之高阁，导致出现一些基本的语法错误，因此影响整篇文章的质量而被扣分。文都网校考研建议大家在写完之后至少要留出两三分钟的时间把文章通读一遍，进行必要的语法修改。今日，我们主要针对常见的考生易犯的英语语法错误，给大家进行写作方面的指导，盼望2022考研的同学们都能在写作便利取得志向的成果。 1.检查谓语

2、动词的时态是否有错。 例 1： a) We college students had enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we were . b) We college students have enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we are . 命题作文一般都是争辩文，而写争辩文所接受的时态一般都是如今时态。只有在举例或提到过去的事时才会用到过去时态。 例 2： a) Riding bicycles had more advantages t

3、han taking a bus. b) Riding bicycles has more advantages than taking a bus. 考生中用过去时写作与他们教材课文体裁(大多为表达文、说明文)和平常写作练习(大多写个人阅历的故事)有关，也与他们过度概括有关，认为全部文章都用过去时。 例 3: :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ a) There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language. b) There are so man

4、y countries using English that it has been regarded as an international language. 留意：在论述同一事情，即发生在同一时间里的事时，前后半句或相邻的几句在时态上要保持一样。 2.检查主语和谓语、名词和代词、以及人称是否保持一样。 例 4： a) The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade. b) The eating habit of Chinese people has changed in the past decade.

5、 留意：不管主语和谓语隔开多远，主语当中还有修饰成分，谓语要和真正的主语在数上保持一样。 例 5： a) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season. b) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when they are in season. 例 6： a) I feel proud to come to our university. b) I feel proud to come to this university. :/ xiex

6、iebang /kaoyan/ 留意：our和主语 I不一样，或把 our改成 my，或改成 this。而这里用 this 较妥。 3. 检查修饰语是否放在正确的位置上。 例1： a) Without television, people cant get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately. b) Without television, people cant immediately get information which comes from other parts of the world

7、. 分析：a) 句子中，immediately 明显放错了位置。是得到快速从各地传来的消息，还是快速得到从各地传来的消息?意思模糊不清。 例2： a) At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons. b) When I was five years old, my father began to give me English lessons. 分析：a) 句子，At the age of six 放在这个位置上，变成了我父亲六岁的时候。变更说法，可以解决这个问题。 例 3: a) To improve ones w

8、riting skill, regular practice is necessary. b) To improve ones writing skill, one must make regular practice. :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ 分析：不定式短语的规律主语决不是regular practice，为了把规律关系表达清楚，要么把不定式短语改成If one wants to improve his writing skill，要么把主句改成one must make regular practice. 4.表示相同的意思，检查是否运用了平行语法结构。 例 4：

9、a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home. b) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and reading at home. 分析：can do shopping, banking and read at home, 用语法平行结构来衡量，用动词原形 read是不妥的，为了和 do shopping, do banking 保持结构上平行，接下来的一个内容要用do reading. 例 5： a) Nowadays, people not

10、only eat enough food, but also eat better. b) Nowadays, people not only eat more, but also eat better. 用 not only.but also, both.and, whether.or, either.or, as well as, along with等能连接两个成分的连词，前后两个成分在结构上要保持一样。用 eat enough food, eat better不如用 eat more, eat better，都用副词。 5. 用代词时，检查指代关系是否清楚。 例1： a) Someti

11、mes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden theyhave to bear. :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ b) Sometimes a teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear. 分析：they 既可指代teachers, 也可指代 students，明显的是指代不清。其实只要把其中一个名词变成单数，用he和 they分别代不同的名词，就清楚了。因为 a teacher也可泛指全部老师。 例2： a) Someone beli

12、eves that the teachers task is to give students knowledge, which may not be true. b) Someone believes that the teachers task is to give students knowledge, a notion which may not be true. 分析：which指代什么不清楚，指 knowledge，还是指前面整个句子?假如指 Someone believes，最好用 a notion或an idea归纳一下整个句子的意思，然后引出从句。 例3： a) People

13、 have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless. b) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but the effort often proves useless. 分析：it 指什么?如指influence，则在 it often proves useless 这个句子中明显不通。写作人知道it指人们的努力，但effort 这个词前面没有出现过，就不能用it。 6.

14、相邻的句子，检查是否避开了不必要的结构转变 :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ 例4： a) While we reuce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased. b) While the number of vehiles is reduced, the speed of traffic is increased. 留意：两个特殊相关的意思，不要一个运用主动结构，一个运用被动结构。 7.检查可数名词与不行数名词是否用得正确 例5： a) TV presents us with many usefu

15、l informations. b) TV presents us with a lot of useful information. 分析：还有evidence, advice, knowledge等都是不行数名词，都不能用复数。另外， many, a great number of, another, few 等只能与可数名词配用。而a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much, 等应与不行数名词配用。 例6： a) Making our cities greener is not an easy work. b) Making our ci

16、ties greener is not an easy job. 分析：work 用作可数名词是作品这类意思，而表示工作时，不行数。同样，在 Word has been sent out that those who cheat on exams will be punished.这个句子中，要用单数word表示信息。 在限时、惊慌的写作中，出现错误，尤其是语言上的错误是不行避开的。假如把这些错误留在那里，不得到改正，就会影响整篇文章的质量。阅卷人虽然不大会按你文章 :/ xiexiebang /kaoyan/ 不好的印象，从而影响文章的分数。因此建议大家在写完之后务必要对自己的写作进行检查，

17、修改基本语法错误。 考研冲刺提分，考研英语、政治可以看看文都名师何凯文、蒋中挺老师的考前点睛班哦，祝同学们备考顺当! 其次篇：考研英语写作中的常见错误 考研英语短文写作格式错误及纠错 分析 写作格式错误主要包括以下几个方面：题目的写法、文章的格式、大小写以及标点符号等四个方面。下面我们分别加以说明。 一、题目的写法 在考研作文中，考查的作文类型相对来说比较多。有的作文类型有时是不需要题目的，比方像有些图表类作文。但大多数作文类型对题目都是有要求的。因为题目是首先映入读者眼帘的，所以要留意题目的书写位置。确定要在试卷作文纸上的上方中间位置书写。同时还应在话题和正文之间留出确定的距离，即比正文行距

18、稍宽一些。 其次，要留意题目的大小写，第一个单词的第一个字母和最终一个单词的第一个字母确定要大写。中间的单词除冠词、连词)但如连词的字母多于5个事，则大写)和介词外，其他的词都应当大写第一个字母。比方： 例1误：Attitudes toward Money 正：Attitudes Toward Money 二、文章的格式 (1)四边留空：卷面的四边确定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观，给人以清晰、明快的感觉。 (2)空格：文章的每段的首行确定要有统一的空格。 三、大小写方面的错误 在考研文章的评改正程中，有关大小写方面的错误层出不穷，这是考生的一个弱点。一般来说，大写规则有以下几条：

19、 (1)大写每句话的第一个字母和干脆引语的第一字母,如： He said ,He is going to Shanghai next week. (2)大写专知名词，或用作专知名词的部分一般名词，通常是缩略形式。如： Dr G . G . East (3)大写缩写字母。如：MPA ,MBA ,BBC (4)文章标题要大写。 (5)头衔在专知名词前要大写，在专知名词后就小写。例如：Captain Smith -Smith, the captain；Uncle George- George ,my uncle 三、标点符号错误及分析 考生在写文章时，确定要留意正确运用标点符号，切忌从头到尾只用逗号

20、的现象。确定要娴熟驾驭常用标点符号的基本用法，尤其要正确运用逗号和分号。 作文部分是考研英语试卷中最难的主观题，也是考生得分率较低的题型。从历年考试来看，考生在写作部分大量失分的缘由是考生在写作中存在一些具有代表性的普遍问题。以下是一些从考生作文中摘抄下来的例子。 (1) Today, students who take part in social practice become more and more. (2) Light will be more powerful when the circumstances is more dark. (3) As a university stu

21、dent, we can study hard science knowledge. (4) In remote country, some children cant go to school because no money. (5) If we help others without thinking whether others need, it perhaps decrease others confidence. (6) I think the best way to show love is our suitable help when others are facing wit

22、h difficulty and need our helps. (7) In the picture below, in the dark full situation, a little of spark enlightens the dark. (8) We offer love, more important, we need love (9) But for my roommates help I couldnt live up not only in physics but also in spirits. (10) Lets hold our hands to build our

23、 country filled in love hearts. 上面的例子代表了考研作文中存在的一些普遍问题。这些问题概括起来主要表如今以下几个方面： 审题不清，致使文章内容偏离主题。如在2002年考试中，有些考生将作文的主题定位为“中国的民族服装为何受西方人宠爱，偏离了“文化融合这一主题。我们知道，根据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何精确，都会被判为零分。 内容空洞，言之无物，东拉西扯，无明显主题。 汉语思维，逐字翻译，中式英语。很多考生在写英语作文时，习惯于先用汉语进行构思，然后再将汉语译成英语。结果文章中出现很多中式英语，令人难以理解。大家最熟识的一个典型例

24、子是：Good good study, day day up 好好学习，每天向上。 词汇量小，用词不精确，词不达意。如do some contribution中的do就属于用词不精确，应当用make。 语法错误较多，主要表现为主谓不一样，第三人称单数不加s，以刚好态语态、名词单复数、句子完好性方面的错误。这些错误在考生看来可能无关紧要，但干脆影响着作文的整体质量。 句子单调，句型单一，句式缺少转变。 不会运用起承上启下作用的过渡词语，文章缺乏连贯性。 总之，一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会干脆影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于马虎大意，或者

25、由于基本功不扎实而经常出现一些语法、词汇、规律、语篇等方面的错误。这些错误假如得不到刚好的解决，将干脆影响作文得高分。下面对这几方面的错误分别予以分析和说明。 1) 词汇错误 词汇方面的错误主要表如今拼法不正确、词形相近而词义不同的词的混用、名词单复数不清、搭配不当等。 (1) 拼法错误 拼法是考生应当具备的至少的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能觉察很多拼法错误。拼法错误虽然未被列入扣分标准，但大量拼法错误的存在不仅表达出语言基本功差，同时也干脆影响内容的表达。以下例子中，划线部分为拼法不正确的单词。从中可以看出，有些拼法错误影响了整个句子的意思。 .flower cuircling her

26、head and Chinese Changming lock in her chest. In its long history it beared excellent culture，. In the past, we are stranged to see a person in other countries costume while now we are very familiar with this. What I accomplished today party attribute to all of them giving me a hand to my school wor

27、k. With the development of saciety, . enviroment pollution, We could do anything happyly. If we have a family fulling of people who love you, . (2) 近形异义词词组混用 英语中有很多单词词组词形特殊相像，但词义却相差甚远，运用起来往往简洁混淆。这是考研英语作文中另一词汇方面的常见错误。这些词词组的混用或误用经常会引起歧义，有时甚至会产生相反的意思。如contribute to 和attribute to意思就完全相反，但考生常将二者混淆；其他简洁混淆

28、的词还有： confirm 确认 conform 使适合 economic 经济的 economical 节省的 courage 志气 encourage 激励 transmit 传送 transform 转换 liter 升、公升 litter 乱丢、乱扔 consist of 由组成 consist in 存在于 belong to 属于 belong in 应归入 (3) 搭配不当 英语中有大量的习惯用语和固定搭配，这些搭配主要知名词、动词、形容词与介词或副词的搭配。有些考生由于对此驾驭得不够牢固，经常在这方面出错，从而影响了对作文的理解。 误： to solve the questio

29、n 正： to solve the problem (or: to answer the question) 误： pay attention on 正： pay attention to 误： Many changes have happened. 正： Many changes have taken place. 误： on my opinion 正： in my opinion (4) 用词不当 许多考生由于词汇量有限，或单词驾驭得不够牢固，因此不能正确运用已学过和已经记住的单词，出现用词不当、词不达意等问题。 例如： the naive spark, enlighten the dar

30、k, a happy home, calm gulf, health knowledge等。 常见27种句法错误 任何一个句子, 尤其是书面语的句子, 首先要做到合乎语法规范, 如主谓结构完好、主谓一样、正确的时态、语态等。今日我们就把句子中最常见的语法错误排列出来，供大家参考借鉴。 1. A series of debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend. 主谓不一样的错误在写作中特别常见，尤其是当主语离谓语较远的时候。本句中的主语是series而不是debates或lectures，因此谓语应为

31、单数形式，也就是要把were改为was。 2. There are many students play football on the sports ground. 本句中的错误是句式杂糅，也就是所谓的“Run-on句。两个句子糅合在一起，没有标点符号隔开或用错误的标点符号隔开被称为“Run-on句。改正的方法有四种： 1变成两个独立的分句。那么此句就可以改为：There are many students on the sports ground. They are playing football. 2通过运用分号和连词变为并列句。此句可改为：There are many student

32、s on the sports ground; they are playing football. 或There are many students on the sports ground and they are playing football. 3将其中的一部分改为充当修饰成分的短语。比方这句话可以改为： There are many students playing football on the sports ground. 4通过运用关联词if, when, who等将其中一个句子改为从句。那么此句可以改为： There are many students who are pl

33、aying football on the sports ground.每一个句子都可以用不同的方式来表述，我们在写作时可以根据句子表达的需要选择最正确的句式。 Barking dogs dont bite. 吠狗不咬人。 3. There is a teacher I shall always remember. Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile. 此处的错误是由于连词和标点运用不当而造成片语fragment，也就是完好句子的一部分，它不能完好的表达句义。最常见的片语多数是由附属连词开头的，改正的方法就是将它跟主句合并。因此

34、，这句话应当改为： There is a teacher I shall always remember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile. 4. It is important to exercise because everybody seems to watch you if you fat and out of shape. 此句的错误是缺少句子成分。英语中的形容词必需和系动词一起构成系表结构才能作谓语。因此，本句可以改为： It is important to exercise, because everybody

35、seems to watch you if you are fat and out of shape. 5. This great loss had killed Mrs. white, but actually this free her from her husband. 时态不一样。时态是英语中的难点之一，当用某一种时态的时候，我们感觉还不是特别难，但当两种或两种以上的时态混合运用的时候或许就会出现问题了。本句可改为：This great loss had killed Mrs. White, but actually this freed her from her husband. W

36、hat is done by night appears by day. 若要人不知，除非已莫为。 6. I did not know what was happened in the classroom. 此处的错误是不及物动词的错误运用。汉语中的动词没有及物和不及物之分，因此中国的学生常常忽视这个问题。请大家留意不及物动词不能干脆跟宾语，也没有被动语态。这句话应改为： I did not know what had happened in the classroom. 7. While celebrate their 20th anniversary in the restaurant,

37、the wine glass broke and damaged Mr. Whites finger. 这个句子中的问题出在分词作状语上。正确运用如今分词作状语能使句子结构多样化，但也不行以滥用。假如用错了的话，还不如不用。此句可以改为： While Mr. White celebrating their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger.或 When Mr. White celebrated their 20th anniversary in the restaura

38、nt, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger. 8. The average life span in the 1980s was much longer than 1880s. 比较对象不一样。在运用形容词和副词的比较级时我们往往简洁受汉语的影响，忽视比较对象应当一样的问题。此句应改为：The average life span in the 1980s was much longer than that in the 1880s. 9. Writing a essay is difficult for students who Englis

39、h is a second language. 这个句子中有两处错误。一个是不定冠词运用不当，元音因素前应当运用an而不是a。这不是一个难点，但考试中经常会有马虎的考生犯这类小错误。二是定语从句的关联词运用错误，应当把who改为whose。 10. The man had reproached by his daughter who was angry that he had deserted her mother for twenty years. 被动语态运用错误。请大家确定记住被动语态的基本结构是：be动词加上动词的过去分词，而其时态的转变是由be动词来表达的。在这个句子中，应把had改

40、为was。 11. In my opinion think the company should pay for the victims injuries. 此句是典型的中国式英语。有许多人写作时受汉语的影响太多，甚至习惯比照每个字把汉语生硬地翻译成英语。这样就会造成一些滑稽的错误。最典型的莫过于“good good study, day day up了。 此句中think一词是多余的，去掉就可以了。 12. When I was in university, my psychology class had more than 500 students, often forcing me to

41、 sit on the floor. 在汉语中“有既可以表示存在，也可以表示拥有。但在英语中，却需要用不同的方式来表达。表示存在时应当用there be句型，而表示拥有时则需要用have/has。When I was in university, there were more than 500 students in my psychology class, often forcing me to sit on the floor. 13. I enjoy reading forecasts of the future, but you wonder which will turn out

42、to be correct. 人称不一样。在一句或一段话中，假如人称不一样会让读者感觉不知所云。在这个句子中，我们只需要将you改为I就可以了。 Its never too late to mend. 改正不嫌晚。 14. I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, which annoyed my parents. 这个句子是歧义句。它既可以理解为我告知挚友让父母不兴奋，也可以理解为我选择了地质学让父母生气。这句话可以改为：I told my friends that I was going to major in geol

43、ogy， and my parents were annoyed by my choice. 15. If your English is not good, your going to have trouble with all the subject. 这句话中有三处明显是由于马虎造成的错误。1人称代词your不行以做主语应改为you。2表示将来的be going to 结构不完好，应在going前加上are。3subject 是可数名词，应当用复数形式subjects。可别小看了这些小错误，记住“小石头也能绊倒人！ 16. The judge ordered that the suspe

44、ct was detained immediately. 没有正确运用虚拟语气。在order, suggest等表示叮嘱和建议的动词的宾语从句中应当运用should加动词原型，should可以省略。这句话应改为：The judge ordered that the suspect (should) be detained immediately. 17. Not only I wrote him a letter, but I also phoned him twice. 特殊句型运用错误。在英语中有许多特殊句型，我们必需熟记它们的意思和运用形式。常常会出错的有：the more the mo

45、re, not only but also, too to, used to do, be used to doing, would rather than, sothat, so that, had better等。not only but also结构可以用来连接两个并列的成分，并有加强语气的作用。这句话应改为：I not only wrote him a letter, but also phoned him twice. 此外，not only 放于句首时需用倒装句型，所以也可改为Not only did I write him a letter, but also phoned him twice. 18. Computer technology helps us do many thi