第一章家畜生殖内分泌学精选文档.ppt
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1、第一章家畜生殖内分泌学本讲稿第一页,共八十七页 第一节第一节 内分泌学概述内分泌学概述一、内分泌学的基本概念 一、Basic concepts of Endocrinology(一一)内分泌(内分泌(endocrine):腺体或组织细胞分泌一种或多种生物活性物质,这些物质):腺体或组织细胞分泌一种或多种生物活性物质,这些物质在局部或通过血液运输,到达某一激素敏感的靶器官或靶组织,调节其分泌或代在局部或通过血液运输,到达某一激素敏感的靶器官或靶组织,调节其分泌或代谢功能,这种现象称为内分泌。谢功能,这种现象称为内分泌。It s a phenomena that one or more biolo
2、gically active substances which released from endocrine tissue or glands into the bloodstream that attach to target tissue and regulate many functions of secretion or metabolism.n内分泌学(内分泌学(endocrinology):研究内分泌现象及其本质的科学。):研究内分泌现象及其本质的科学。nIts a science of studying the phenomena and essence of endocrin
3、e。本讲稿第二页,共八十七页细胞外信息传递的方式共细胞外信息传递的方式共6类类There are six modes of Intercellular communication.(1)内分泌内分泌:经血液循环传递。大多数激素以这种方式传播。(1)Endocrine:The hormones transmit through the blood circulation.Most hormones spread in this way.本讲稿第三页,共八十七页(2)旁分泌旁分泌:经组织液直接作用于邻近的细胞(2)Paracrine:The hormones directly act on the
4、 adjacent cells.本讲稿第四页,共八十七页(3)自分泌自分泌:作用于分泌细胞自身(3)Autocrine:The hormones are released and act on the cell that secreted them本讲稿第五页,共八十七页(4)近分泌或并置分泌近分泌或并置分泌:需要细胞与细胞的接触。膜结合细胞因子与邻近细胞(靶细胞)的受体相作用(4)Juxtacrine:Involving specific cell-to-cell contacts.The interaction of membrane-bound forms with their rece
5、ptors on an adjacent cell 本讲稿第六页,共八十七页(5)胞内分泌胞内分泌:某些细胞因子分泌后很快内化,与其自身内部受体作用 (5)Intracrine:Steroid hormones act through intracellular receptors,and hormones act within the cell that produces them(6)逆分泌逆分泌:可溶性受体与远端靶细胞上正常分泌的膜结合细胞因子相互作用 (6)Rertocrine:soluble forms of receptors that are normally a compone
6、nt of the cell surface membrane interact with distant target cells by binding to membrane-bound forms of cytokines 本讲稿第七页,共八十七页自分泌、旁分泌与内分泌自分泌、旁分泌与内分泌Autocrine、Paracrine and Endocrine本讲稿第八页,共八十七页内分泌与外分泌的比较内分泌与外分泌的比较The comparation of Endocrine and ExtrocrineEndocrine glandsExcrine glandshormonegland
7、cellgland cellbloodstreamcatheter epidermis mammary glandsweat gland 本讲稿第九页,共八十七页二、内分泌系统的主要生理作用及其调节二、二、The main physiological action and regulation of endocrine systemn(一)内分泌系统的生理作用(一)内分泌系统的生理作用n (一)The physiological action of endocrine systemn1.保证机体内环境的相对稳定保证机体内环境的相对稳定n1.Maintenance of the internal
8、 environment in the body n(1)控制消化道运动及消化腺的分泌控制消化道运动及消化腺的分泌n(1)Regulate the digestive movement and the secretion of digestive glands本讲稿第十页,共八十七页n(2)控制能量产生控制能量产生n(2)Regulate the produce of energyn(3)控制细胞外液的组成和容量控制细胞外液的组成和容量n(3)Regulate the composition and capacity of extracellular fluid n2.调节机体与外界环境的相对
9、平衡调节机体与外界环境的相对平衡n2.Regulate the relative balance of organism and external environment n3.调节生殖功能调节生殖功能n3.Regulate the Reproductive functions本讲稿第十一页,共八十七页n(二二)内分泌系统的调节作用内分泌系统的调节作用n(二二)The regulating action of endocrine systemn1.内分泌腺功能的相互调节内分泌腺功能的相互调节n1.The mutual regulate of Endocrine action n2.神经系统和内
10、分泌系统的相互调节神经系统和内分泌系统的相互调节n2.The mutual regulate of nervous system and endocrine systemn3.神经系统神经系统-内分泌系统内分泌系统-体液之间的相互调节体液之间的相互调节n3.The mutual regulate of nervous system、endocrine system and body fluidn4.神经神经-内分泌内分泌-免疫调节网络免疫调节网络n4.Nerve-endocrine-immune regulation network 本讲稿第十二页,共八十七页三、激素作用的特点三、三、The
11、characteristics of hormone action(一)激素作用的基本特点(一)激素作用的基本特点(一一)The basic characteristics of hormone action n特异性特异性 Specificityn高效性高效性 High efficiencyn协同性与颉颃性协同性与颉颃性 Cooperativity and Antagonistic n复杂性复杂性 complexity n(1)一种激素多种作用;)一种激素多种作用;n (1)One hormone may trigger multiple responses (2)一种功能多种激素)一种功能
12、多种激素 (2)One physiological process may be controlled by many different hormones本讲稿第十三页,共八十七页(二)(二)受体与激素作用受体与激素作用 (二二)Hormone receptorsn1.受体的基本特性受体的基本特性 The basic characteristics of Receptorn识识别别和和结结合合 受受体体某某一一部部分分的的立立体体构构象象具具有有高高度度选选择择性性,能能准准确确识识别别并并特特异异性性结结合合某某些些立立体体特特异异性性配配体体,这这种种特特定定结结合合部部位位也也称称为为
13、受受点点(receptor site)。单单一一细细胞胞可可能能存存在在不不同同类类型型的的受受体体。配配体体指指细细胞胞外外信信息息物物质质或或称称为为第第一一信信使使,如如激激素素。能能激激活活受受体体的的配配体体称称为为激激动动剂剂(agonist),能能抑抑制制受受体体活活性性的的配配体体称称为为颉颉颃颃剂剂(antagonist)。)。nRecognition and combine:A certain part of the three-dimensional conformation of receptors have highly selective,which can hel
14、p accurately identify and specificity combined ligands,those particular combine part called receptor site.Single cell may exist different types of receptors.Ligands are the extracellular information substances or called first messenger,such as hormones.Ligands which can activate the receptor called
15、agonists,can restrain receptors activity called antagonist.本讲稿第十四页,共八十七页n传传导导信信号号 第第一一信信使使与与受受体体相相互互作作用用产产生生的的信信号号,通通过过第第二二信信使使将将获获得得的的信信息息增增强强、分化、整合并传递给后续的效应机制。分化、整合并传递给后续的效应机制。nConduct signals:The signals produced from the interaction of first messenger and receptors,through the second messenger w
16、ill be enhanced,differentiation,integrated and passed to the subsequent effect mechanism.n产生相应的生理效应产生相应的生理效应 依每种激素的不同,产生的生理效应也不相同依每种激素的不同,产生的生理效应也不相同n Produce the corresponding physiological effect:n Different hormones will produce different physiological effects.n特异性特异性 一种特定的受体,只与其特定配体结合而产生特定效应。一种特
17、定的受体,只与其特定配体结合而产生特定效应。nspecificity:A specific receptor,only combining with a particular ligand can produce certain effect.本讲稿第十五页,共八十七页n饱和性饱和性 配体与受体达到最大结合后,不再随配体浓度增高而加大。配体与受体达到最大结合后,不再随配体浓度增高而加大。nsaturability:When the combination of ligands and receptors reach maximum,it will not increasing with the
18、 density of ligands.n组织组织特异性特异性 以不同密度存在于靶以不同密度存在于靶细细胞的不同区域。胞的不同区域。nOrganization specificity:With different density exists in different areas of the target cells.n结合可逆性结合可逆性 配体与受体的复合物可以解离,也可被其他配体置换。配体与受体的复合物可以解离,也可被其他配体置换。nCombining reversibility:The interaction is reversible and how easily the hormo
19、ne is displaced from the receptor is a quantitation of its affinity.本讲稿第十六页,共八十七页2.激素及其受体激素及其受体2.Hormones and their receptorsHormoneClass of hormoneLocation ofreceptorAmine(epinephrine)肾上腺素Water-solubleCell surfaceAmine(thyroid hormone)Lipid solubleIntracellularPeptide/proteinWater solubleCell surfa
20、ceSteroids and Vitamin DLipid SolubleIntracellular本讲稿第十七页,共八十七页四、激素的分类及转运方式四、四、The classification and transfer mode of hormones n(一)激素的分类(一)激素的分类n (一一)The classification of hormones 根据化学性质不同可分为根据化学性质不同可分为3类:类:含氮激素(蛋白质、多肽含氮激素(蛋白质、多肽、胺类激素、胺类激素);类固醇激素);类固醇激素(甾体激素);脂肪酸激素(甾体激素);脂肪酸激素。nAccording to the ch
21、emical properties,hormones can be divided into three groups:Nitrogen hormone(protein、polypeptide、Amines);Steroid hormones;Fatty acid hormone.根据产生部位不同可分为根据产生部位不同可分为8类:类:松果腺激素;丘脑下部激素;垂体前叶激素;胎盘激素;松果腺激素;丘脑下部激素;垂体前叶激素;胎盘激素;性腺激素;神经垂体(垂体后叶)激素;局部激素;外激素性腺激素;神经垂体(垂体后叶)激素;局部激素;外激素According to generate position
22、,hormones can be divided into eight groups:Pineal hormone;Hypothalamic Hormones;Anterior pituitary hormone;Placental hormones;Gonadal hormones;Neurohypophysis(posterior pituitary)hormones;Topical hormones;Pheromone 本讲稿第十八页,共八十七页Cholesterol胆固醇Pregnenolone孕烯醇酮本讲稿第十九页,共八十七页n(二)激素的转运方式(二)激素的转运方式n (二二)Th
23、e transfer mode of hormones1.含氮激素:含氮激素:产生后常贮存于该腺体内产生后常贮存于该腺体内,当机体需要时,分泌到邻近的毛细血管中。当机体需要时,分泌到邻近的毛细血管中。1.Nitrogen hormones:The hormones stored in the glands which produced them.When the body is needed,the hormones will secrete into neighboring capillaries.2.类固醇激素:类固醇激素:产生后立即释放产生后立即释放,并不贮存。并不贮存。2.Steroi
24、d hormones:The hormones released immediately after produce,and didnt stored in the glands.3.脂肪酸类激素:脂肪酸类激素:只有前列腺素。当机体需要时只有前列腺素。当机体需要时,边分泌边应用,并不贮存。边分泌边应用,并不贮存。3.Fatty acid hormone:Only including Prostaglandin.When the body is needed,the hormones will be used along of its produce,and didnt stored in th
25、e glands.本讲稿第二十页,共八十七页生殖激素概念生殖激素概念The concept of Reproductive Hormone n直接影响动物生殖机能的激素称为生殖激素直接影响动物生殖机能的激素称为生殖激素。nHormones which directly affects the function of animal reproductive called reproductive hormone.n调节调节(regulation):母母畜畜:发发情情、排排卵卵、生生殖殖细细胞胞在在生生殖殖道道内内的的运运行行、胚胚胎胎附附植植、怀怀孕孕、分分娩娩、泌泌乳乳、母母性性、以及生殖器官
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