虚拟语气语法讲义20从句中的虚拟语气结构与注意点知识点总结- 高中英语语法学习复习.docx

《虚拟语气语法讲义20从句中的虚拟语气结构与注意点知识点总结- 高中英语语法学习复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《虚拟语气语法讲义20从句中的虚拟语气结构与注意点知识点总结- 高中英语语法学习复习.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义20【精讲版全国通用】从句中的虚拟语气结构与注意点知识点总结使用虚拟语气的几类从句1.wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。如：I wish he were more careful.你是你更仔细点就好了。I wish I hadnt said that.我要是没有说那话就好了。I wish I could speak your

2、 language.但愿我能讲你们国家的话。2.if only后的句子用虚拟语气if only与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如：If only I werent so nervous.但愿我不这样紧张。If only I had listened to your advice!我要是听了你的劝告就好了!3.as if (though)从句用虚拟语气以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不

3、大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。如：I love you as if you were my son.我爱你就像你是我的儿子。注：若从句所内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。如：t seems as if we shall have to walk.似乎我们得步行了。4.Its time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：Its time we ordered dinner.现在该叫菜了。I think its time you made u

4、p her mind.我想你该拿定主意了。注：time前有时有about和high修饰 。5.would rather后句子用虚拟语气通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如：Id rather you didnt do it.你宁愿你别这样做。I would rather you didnt mention the price.我宁愿意你没提价钱。6.某些用虚拟语气的宾语从句在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, sugg

5、est, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如 ：I insisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。The doctor advised that he change his job.医生劝他换工作。注：动词insist, suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若从句内容尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若从句内容已经成为事实，则用陈述语气。比较 ：He insisted that

6、I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。7.某些用虚拟语气的主语从句形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。如：It is impossible that he should leave here.他不可能会离开这儿。It is necessary that he be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。主语从句中的虚拟语气一、Its important类这一类型主要包括It i

7、s (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能会回家去。It is necessary that I should return it right now.我有必要马上把它还回去。It is important that we should speah politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.没

8、有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism.应当进行批评与自我批评。二、Its a pity类It is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。Its a pity that he should be so obstinate.真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。It was a pity that you couldnt come.你不能来，真是太遗憾了。It is a pity that she failed the dri

9、ving examination.她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。It is his desire that a medical man should stay here.他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。三、Its desired类这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that.句型。如：It is requested that a vote be taken.建议付诸表决。It is settled that you leave us, then?那么你肯定要离开

10、我们罗?It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。【特别说明】(1)在现代英语中，有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，但初学者宜慎用。(2)在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及I am surpr

11、ised (sorry)和I regret等结构后的that从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：Its strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。Im surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感情 色彩，比较：Its a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格

12、，真是遗憾。错综时间虚拟条件句一、什么叫错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。二、一点特别说明条件从句用if I were时，既可指现在也可指过去：I

13、f I were you, I would stay.我要是你我就会留下。If I were you, Id go to night school.我要是你，我会上夜校。If I were not busy, I would have come.假若我不忙，我早就来了。也可用if I had been you也表示过去：If I had been you，Id have taken the job.我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。四类省略的虚拟条件句型一、省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had等提到句首：Were I Tom

14、, I would refuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。I will go, should it be necessary.假若有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time.若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt而置于句首。有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：Had I time, I would come.假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I

15、had time)二、省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down.要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier)三、省略“it+be”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you.如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would)四、省略整个条件从

16、句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：I might see her personally. It would be better.我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally, it would be better.)有关虚拟语气的几点重要说明一、错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If youd listened to me, you wo

17、uldnt be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。二、含蓄虚拟条件句所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如：To hear him talk，youd think he was Prime Minister.听他讲话你会以为他是首相。Without your help，I couldnt have achieved all this.要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。三、连用虚拟语气的几个固定表达有三个表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表达，它们总是连用虚拟语气，它们是but for, if it were n

18、ot for, if it hadnt been for。如 ：But for your help we would have been late.幸亏你帮忙，要不我们就迟到了。If it werent for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded.要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。四、虚拟语气的省略与倒装有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，而将从句中的were, should, had等提到句首。如：Were it not for your help,I wouldnt be doing so well.若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。Had I beenthere,I would have asked her the question.如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。学科网（北京）股份有限公司