大学英语四六级作文类型ppt课件.ppt

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1、大学英语四六级作文类型大学英语四六级作文类型提纲作文提纲作文提示作文提示作文图表作文图表作文关键词作文关键词作文写文章摘要和大意写文章摘要和大意书信作文书信作文火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Unit 1 提纲作文提纲作文提纲作文提纲作文是一种限制性命题作文。命题形式是先给出英文作文标题，然后再用英语或汉语立出提纲，要求考生根据给出的提纲确定写作主题，构思段落模式，写出符合要求、一定字数的短文。历年考试中，该类作文占绝大多数，超过所有考试的二分之一。考生必须既紧扣标题，又要严格遵守提纲，不能脱离和漏掉提纲规定的作文要点

2、。一般有几点要求就要写几段，但如果是两点，则考生要在构思时增加一个终结段。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去构思过程构思过程1.根据提纲要求设计每段的主题句，注意最好不要逐字翻译提纲。2.根据提纲和主题句自由搜索写作素材。3.从所搜列的原始素材中为每段选取最能说明问题，也即与短文标题、提纲及主题句最为密切的2-3个要点，注意也要选择本人感到最容易下笔的内容。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Directions:For this part,you

3、are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic Energy Resources.提纲：1.目前中国的能源资源比较丰富；2.但这些能源可能很快被耗竭；3.为避免未来的能源危机，我们该做些什么？火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去分析：根据提纲，我们可以确定短文写成三段：1.能源现状：China is rich in various energy resources.2.能源危机：These energy

4、 resources are being used up rapidly.3.解决措施：To avoid energy crisis,火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去SampleSample:Energy Resources:Energy Resources China is rich in various energy resources.Coal China is rich in various energy resources.Coal and petroleum,for instance,are two maj

5、or ones.They and petroleum,for instance,are two major ones.They are essential in developing the countrys industry,are essential in developing the countrys industry,science and technology.China has done a great deal science and technology.China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise t

6、he output of coal and in the past few decades to raise the output of coal and petroleum.petroleum.These energy resources are not inexhaustible,These energy resources are not inexhaustible,however,and are being used up rapidly.With the however,and are being used up rapidly.With the building of four m

7、odernizations,new industrial and building of four modernizations,new industrial and scientific projects are spring up like bamboo shoots scientific projects are spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain.They are enormous consumers of after a spring rain.They are enormous consumers of energy.B

8、esides,there has been great waste in using energy.Besides,there has been great waste in using these natural energy resources.these natural energy resources.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 To avoid the almost sure energy crisis in the To avoid the almost sure energy crisis in t

9、he future,some steps must be taken immediately.First,future,some steps must be taken immediately.First,our government should make the people aware,our government should make the people aware,through education,of the importance of saving energy.through education,of the importance of saving energy.Sec

10、ond,efforts should be made in opening up new,Second,efforts should be made in opening up new,cleaner and inexhaustible energy sources such as cleaner and inexhaustible energy sources such as solar energy,geothermal energy and nuclear energy.solar energy,geothermal energy and nuclear energy.We have r

11、easons to be optimistic in this respect,but We have reasons to be optimistic in this respect,but we must be pessimistic if we just wait for the fossil we must be pessimistic if we just wait for the fossil energies to be wasted and used up.energies to be wasted and used up.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当

12、机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Unit 2 提示作文提示作文这一题型给出英文作文标题后，以中文或英文给出一段关于这篇短文写作内容的提示，要求考生按照提示范围确定短文主题，先构思写作提纲，再构思短文及段落的展开模式，最后搜索写作素材，选取写作要点。这一题型类型多样，除了图示作文和关键词作文外，主要还有：1.提供几个选择的建议或方案；2.提出几个提示性问题；3.提供短文要包含的一些要点；4.阐述问题或现象的小段文字。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Directions:For this part,y

13、ou are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic college students Social Practice.You should base your composition on the instruction below:近年来，一些大学生利用节假日进行社会实践。请就社会实践的好处及可能带来的副作用加以论述，并提出自己的观点和建议。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去分析：可根据标题和提示

14、，构思出如下提纲：1.现状-导入主题2.大学生社会实践的好处3.大学生社会实践可能带来的副作用4.我们的建议火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Sample:Sample:College Students Social PracticeCollege Students Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and

15、 colleges.Students are asked to in universities and colleges.Students are asked to enter into the society and try to get into touch with enter into the society and try to get into touch with society in order to get some idea of the society.society in order to get some idea of the society.Surely soci

16、al practice has many advantages.Firstly,Surely social practice has many advantages.Firstly,social practice can offer the students a chance to social practice can offer the students a chance to contact with the society and get some idea of the contact with the society and get some idea of the society

17、,in this way the students can gain some society,in this way the students can gain some valuable social experiences which will be helpful to valuable social experiences which will be helpful to their future career.Secondly,the students can apply their future career.Secondly,the students can apply wha

18、t they have learned in class to the practical what they have learned in class to the practical work,which will make them know themselves more work,which will make them know themselves more clearly.Thirdly,some social practice can bring them clearly.Thirdly,some social practice can bring them somesom

19、e火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Profit and it can make them more independent of Profit and it can make them more independent of their family.their family.However,some problems will arise if the correct However,some problems will arise if the correct guidence is not made.For ex

20、ample,some students guidence is not made.For example,some students get more interested in social practice and want to get more interested in social practice and want to work the whole day and get some money,thus work the whole day and get some money,thus neglecting their study.And some students are

21、likely neglecting their study.And some students are likely to observe the society partially,which will affect to observe the society partially,which will affect their future study.their future study.In order to carry out the social practice In order to carry out the social practice smoothly,the stud

22、ents should first know their smoothly,the students should first know their objectives.They should put their study in the first objectives.They should put their study in the first place and the social practice is just a supplement of place and the social practice is just a supplement of their college

23、 study,so they ought to try to strike a their college study,so they ought to try to strike a balance between social practice and their study.balance between social practice and their study.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Unit 3 图表作文图表作文类型：看图作文分为类型：看图作文分为图画作文图画作文和和图表作文图表作文两种两种图画

24、作文主要用于口试或部分笔试；图表作文较图画作文主要用于口试或部分笔试；图表作文较为常见，可分为四类：为常见，可分为四类：1.圆形图（圆形图（pie Graph）2.条形图（条形图（Bar Graph）3.曲线图（曲线图（Curve Graph）4.表格（表格（Table）火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去图画作文图画作文 图画作文要求考生根据已给出的一副或几幅画面去想象发挥，写图画作文要求考生根据已给出的一副或几幅画面去想象发挥，写出一篇短文来；出一篇短文来；图画作文的写作方法图画作文的写作方法图画作文的写作方法图画作文

25、的写作方法 1.1.审题审题审题审题：对题目要求和画面进行分析，找出图画所表达的主题，：对题目要求和画面进行分析，找出图画所表达的主题，然后围绕主题组织材料。然后围绕主题组织材料。2.2.组织材料组织材料组织材料组织材料：画面所给事物均无虚设，因此，描述时要紧扣画面，：画面所给事物均无虚设，因此，描述时要紧扣画面，运用想象力把画面扩展成一个故事或某一个特定事件或某一特定运用想象力把画面扩展成一个故事或某一个特定事件或某一特定情景来定。如果画面内容丰富，在描述时可按题目的要求，分清情景来定。如果画面内容丰富，在描述时可按题目的要求，分清主次，以突出主题。如画面简单，可在描述画面之后，略加评论。主

26、次，以突出主题。如画面简单，可在描述画面之后，略加评论。3.3.描述的层次描述的层次描述的层次描述的层次：围绕主题或按时间顺序，或按地理顺序描述。如：围绕主题或按时间顺序，或按地理顺序描述。如按地理顺序，或由上而下，或由左往右，或由内向外。总之要遵按地理顺序，或由上而下，或由左往右，或由内向外。总之要遵循一定的规律，决不可象记流水帐一样杂乱无章。循一定的规律，决不可象记流水帐一样杂乱无章。4.4.时态问题时态问题时态问题时态问题：在描写画面时，句子谓语应用现在时态，在涉及形在描写画面时，句子谓语应用现在时态，在涉及形体动作时，可以使用进行时态，以便使画面更加生动形象。体动作时，可以使用进行时态

27、，以便使画面更加生动形象。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去例：write a composition about the picture below in about 120 words.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去分析：通过图画分析，可观察到图中女士的苹果掉在了地上以及男士脱帽致歉是该图的中心，由此得出本文主题时礼貌问题。该图描述的时日常生活中的一件事，应该按事件发生的先后时间顺序来描述图画。运用想象力把画面扩展成一个特定的故事来写。男士

28、下楼，女士上楼，在平台上男士把女士的苹果撞到了地上，男士脱帽表示歉意。描述画面之后，也可以对礼貌问题发表自己的看法。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Sample:The picture is about a routine incident in our life.A woman is about to go upstairs,with a parcel and a bag of apples in her arms.A middle-aged man is just coming down the stairs,wi

29、th a suitcase in his right hand.They ran into each other on the landing so that some of the apples slid out of the bag,rolling on the floor.The man feels compunction.Promptly he takes off his hat,bows to the woman and says:“Im sorry,Im very sorry.”The woman replies:“Thats all right.”火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂

30、拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 Some people are always polite while others are not.Whether a person is polite or not depends on how well he or she is educated.A well-educated person can never be impolite to others.The more the education is developed,the better the relationship between people

31、will be.例文分析例文分析：文章一开头就指出这是一件日常生活中的小事，接着作者按时间顺序凭自己的想象力细致地描述了事情发生的经过。虽然画面简单，但作者的描述生动、细致，如拿包的中年男士、滚动的苹果等，让读者有身临其境之感，接着作者谈了自己对礼貌的观点。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去图表作文图表作文写作方法：写作方法：1.1.在动笔之前，认真审题，阅读题目要求，对图表进行分在动笔之前，认真审题，阅读题目要求，对图表进行分析，找出规律。析，找出规律。2.2.图表作文所提供的资料虽然是图表，但基本要素是数字，图表作文

32、所提供的资料虽然是图表，但基本要素是数字，写作时，只需要把几个主要数字列出来，说明数字代表写作时，只需要把几个主要数字列出来，说明数字代表的意思，以及所反映的趋势，并不是图表中的每个数字的意思，以及所反映的趋势，并不是图表中的每个数字都要反映到文章中去。都要反映到文章中去。3.3.不重要的数字可以弃之不用。写作的内容是对数字提供不重要的数字可以弃之不用。写作的内容是对数字提供的信息的归纳总结。对比法是图表作文常用的写作方法。的信息的归纳总结。对比法是图表作文常用的写作方法。4.4.发挥主观能动性，作出结论，找出原因或提出解决办法。发挥主观能动性，作出结论，找出原因或提出解决办法。火灾袭来时要迅

33、速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去例例：Changes in peoples DietChanges in peoples DietFood Food yearyear1986198619871987198819881989198919901990Grain Grain 49%49%47%47%46.5%46.5%45%45%45%45%Milk Milk 10%10%11%11%11%11%12%12%13%13%Meat Meat 17%17%20%20%22.5%22.5%23%23%21%21%Fruit and Fruit

34、and vegetablevegetable 24%24%22%22%20%20%20%20%21%21%Total Total 100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去分析：分析：分析数字并确定每段的中心思想：分析数字并确定每段的中心思想：表中的数字是粮食、牛奶、肉和水果在人们饮食中所占表中的数字是粮食、牛奶、肉和水果在人们饮食中所占比例，通过对数字进行分析，可以找到这样的规律：比例，通过对数字进行分析，可以找到这样的规律：从从从从1986198

35、6年到年到年到年到19901990年粮食在人们饮食中占的比例逐年下降，年粮食在人们饮食中占的比例逐年下降，年粮食在人们饮食中占的比例逐年下降，年粮食在人们饮食中占的比例逐年下降，而牛奶和肉的比例则逐年上升，这种趋势正是标题而牛奶和肉的比例则逐年上升，这种趋势正是标题而牛奶和肉的比例则逐年上升，这种趋势正是标题而牛奶和肉的比例则逐年上升，这种趋势正是标题Changes in Peoples DietChanges in Peoples Diet想说明的，牛奶和肉的比例想说明的，牛奶和肉的比例想说明的，牛奶和肉的比例想说明的，牛奶和肉的比例上升也足以说明人民生活水平在不断提高上升也足以说明人民生活

36、水平在不断提高上升也足以说明人民生活水平在不断提高上升也足以说明人民生活水平在不断提高。该作文是议论文，整篇分三段：该作文是议论文，整篇分三段：第一段提出论点，人们的饮食发生了变化。第一段提出论点，人们的饮食发生了变化。第二段用表中具体数字支持论点，饮食变化说明生活水第二段用表中具体数字支持论点，饮食变化说明生活水 平提高。平提高。第三段作出结论，找出饮食变化的原因，人们的饮食变第三段作出结论，找出饮食变化的原因，人们的饮食变 化和生活水平的提高反映了国家政策好。化和生活水平的提高反映了国家政策好。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥

37、勇敢地冲出去Sample:Sample:In the past five years,the peoples diet has changed greatly.In 1990,the percentage of grain,milk and meat which the people consumed are 45%,13%and 21%respectively.In 1986,however,they are more than grain(49%)and less milk(10%)and meat(17%).The figures above show the living standa

38、rd of the people has been raised.Milk and meat are food from animals.Therefore,they are more nutritious and more expensive than grain and vegetables.Now,the people have become richer than before and they are seeking better diet.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 The change in the

39、 peoples diet show us the correctness of our national policy.With the development of economy,peoples diet will surely be better and better in the future.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去图表作文的基本格式图表作文的基本格式第一段：第一段：现状现状-图表揭示的表面现象图表揭示的表面现象第二段：第二段：原因原因-引起图表表面现象的深引起图表表面现象的深 层次社会根源层次社会

40、根源第三段：第三段：发展趋势或启示发展趋势或启示-图表所表述图表所表述 的现象的发展前景或从中我们得的现象的发展前景或从中我们得 到的启示到的启示火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Unit4 关键词作文关键词作文像图表作文一样，关键词作文也是一种特殊的提像图表作文一样，关键词作文也是一种特殊的提示作文示作文。这类作文的构思写作方法这类作文的构思写作方法这类作文的构思写作方法这类作文的构思写作方法：1.1.弄清标题和写作要求，按所给关键词语的顺序进弄清标题和写作要求，按所给关键词语的顺序进行联想构思，确定前后个词语间的逻辑

41、关系并拟行联想构思，确定前后个词语间的逻辑关系并拟定作文提纲。定作文提纲。2.根据关键词语的组合合理分段。根据关键词语的组合合理分段。3.正确使用所给的关键词语。既要把所有词语用正确使用所给的关键词语。既要把所有词语用上，又要用的正确、恰到好处。注意不能只考虑上，又要用的正确、恰到好处。注意不能只考虑所给词语而忽视了短文内容的合理性、连贯性和所给词语而忽视了短文内容的合理性、连贯性和切题性切题性 火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 mi

42、nutes to write a For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Eposition of no less than 120 words on Earthquake.You are advised to arrange your ideas in three You are advised to arrange your ideas in three paragraphs with key words given.The following

43、are paragraphs with key words given.The following are the words and phrases you may use in your the words and phrases you may use in your compositioncomposition.Key words:Obscure recur adolescent suffering come out envelop all of a sudden mortality 火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地

44、冲出去 昨天上午十时在城东昨天上午十时在城东200公里处的乡村地区公里处的乡村地区发生了强烈地震。发生了强烈地震。来自该地区的初步报告表明这次地震造成了来自该地区的初步报告表明这次地震造成了广泛的破坏和重大人员伤亡。死亡人员中包括广泛的破坏和重大人员伤亡。死亡人员中包括许多青少年。但是，究竟有多少人伤亡，目前许多青少年。但是，究竟有多少人伤亡，目前尚不清楚，因为整个地区都淹没在瓦砾尚不清楚，因为整个地区都淹没在瓦砾（rubble）之中。）之中。然而有一点是肯定的，许多幸存者将要忍受然而有一点是肯定的，许多幸存者将要忍受多年的痛苦和不幸。这件事传递的死亡信息极多年的痛苦和不幸。这件事传递的死亡信

45、息极大的震撼了当地人，一些信教的人聚集在一起大的震撼了当地人，一些信教的人聚集在一起祈求这样的事情永远不要再发生。祈求这样的事情永远不要再发生。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 A severe earthqake occurred A severe earthqake occurred all of a suddenall of a sudden at at 10am yesterday in a rural area,about 200 kilometers 10am yesterday in a rural ar

46、ea,about 200 kilometers east of the city.east of the city.Initial reports Initial reports coming out ofcoming out of the region indicate the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/damage and heavy casualties.Many damage and h

47、eavy casualties.Many adolescentsadolescents were among those injured or killed.Yet it remains were among those injured or killed.Yet it remains obscureobscure exactly how many people were hurt and exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been killed as the entire area has

48、been envelopedenveloped in in rubble.rubble.However,one thing is certain:many of the However,one thing is certain:many of the surviviors may face years of pain and surviviors may face years of pain and sufferingsuffering.Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of Local people were clearly

49、shaken by this reminder of their their mortalitymortality.Some religious ones have gathered to.Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never pray that it will never recurrecur.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去“救灾救灾”如何译？如何译？Literal:to save sb.from a natural disaste

50、rLiberal:to provide disaster relief,to help people to tide over a natural disaster.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去全国人民正在为抗震救灾捐款捐物。全国人民正在为抗震救灾捐款捐物。The Chinese people are donating money and materials to fight the earthquake and provide disater relief.地震发生后，各级政府已投入大量资金抗震救地震发生后，各级