英美文化概况-(课堂ppt)课件.ppt

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1、篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Guide to English-Speaking CountriesGuide to English-Speaking CountriesGuide to English-Speaking CountriesGuide to English-Speaking Countries英语国家概况英语国家概况The United The United Kingdom of Great Kingdom of Great Britain and Britain and Northern Irela

2、ndNorthern Ireland英语国家概况1篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth The United Kingdom of Great The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritain and Northern Ireland英英语语国国家家概概况况英英语语国国家家概概况况 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pre

3、ssForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 Political Parties ConstitutionGovernment Election The CommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENT Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pre

4、ssForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 ConstitutionIvGreat Britain(UK)is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as the head of state vBritish Const

5、itution is made up of:Statutory Law(成文法成文法)Common Law(判例法判例法)Conventions(习惯法习惯法)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统v1.1

6、 Statutory Law passed by Parliamentexample the Magna Carta(1215)which protects the rights of the community against the Crown the Bill of Rights(1689)which extends the powers of Parliament the Reform Act(1832)which reforms the parliamentary electoral system the European Communities Act(1972)the Europ

7、ean Communities(Amendment)Act (1986)which defines the relationship between Britain and the European Community(欧共体）.Constitution Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队

8、在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统v1.2 Common law（判例法）deduced from custom or legal precedents and interpreted in court cases by judgesv1.3 Conventions（习惯法）（习惯法）rules and practices which do not exist legally,but are regarded as vital to the working of government.(for example:The monarch rei

9、gns but does not rule.)1.Constitution Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统GovernmentII 2.1 The Legislature 2.2 The Execu

10、tive 2.3 The Judiciary Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.1 The LegislatureBasic Structure of UK Central GovernmentMo

11、narch(non-political)LegislatureParliamentExecutive Judiciary(non-political)House of Commons(political)House of Lords(semi-political)Prime Minister&Cabinet(political)Ministers&Civil service(non-political)House of LordsCourt of Appeal Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teachi

12、ng and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.1.1 Parliament vParliamentthe law-making body of Britain one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world(in the mid-13th century)Strictly sp

13、eaking,the parliament consists of the King or Queen,the House of Lords(上议院),the House of Commons(下议院)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛

14、的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统vQueen Elizabeth IIBorn:April 21,1926Queen since June 2,1953 vQueen Elizabeth II is a“constitutional monarch”Although she is officially the head of state,the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister.2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pr

15、essForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Buckingham Palace 2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide

16、 toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Queen Elizabeth II2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking Countr

17、iesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统She reigns but does not rule!Theoretically,she is the source of all government powers:an integral part of the legislaturehead of the executive,executive and judiciary branchesthe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crown“su

18、preme governor”of the Church of England More Q.What powers does the Queen have?Q.What powers does the Queen have?2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定

19、的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统In reality,her role is“ceremonial,unpolitical and symbolic”:vState opening of the Parliament(国会开议大典)vRoyal assent to new lawvMeeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham PalacevPay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth

20、countries on behalf of the British government2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统From Buckingham to Westmins

21、ter The State Opening of Parliament Wednesday November 26,20032.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.1.3 The

22、House of Lords voften referred to as“the Upper House”vThe Lords Spiritual(上议院神职议员上议院神职议员)(archbishops and prominent bishops of the Church of England)The House of Lords in the early 19th centuryvThe Lords Temporal(上议院世俗议员上议院世俗议员)(hereditary peers and life peers and the Law Lords）上议院高级法官）上议院高级法官)Forei

23、gn Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统vThe Upper House ReformsReduce the number of seats from 705 to 666 (Mar.1,2004)Final cour

24、t of appealSupreme CourtThe House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster(also called Red Chamber)2.1.3 The House of Lords Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speakin

25、g CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.1.4 The House of Commons vOften referred to as“the Lower House”(center of parliamentary power)vThree major functionsto pass laws,bills and acts of Parliamentto scrutinize,criticize and restrain the actions of the government

26、 to influence the future government policy Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统v646 Members of Parliament,known as“MPs”f

27、or short,who represent the 646 geographical areas/constituencies2.1.4 The House of Commons Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种

28、得分类型的系统2.2.1 The Prime Ministerpowerful leadervhead of the governmentvthe leader of the majority party in Parliamentvcontrols the Parliament2.2.2 The Cabinetvsupreme decision-making body in the British government vCabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of his own party in Parl

29、iament.2.2 The Executive Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统vThe Cabinet works on the principle of collective responsib

30、ility and individual ministerial responsibility vMinisters responsible for their particular department(most senior members are the Deputy Prime Minister,Foreign Secretary,Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary)vCollective responsibility or resignation2.2 The Executive Foreign Language Teachi

31、ng and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Civil Servantsv Members of the Civil Service are called Civil Servants.They staff government departments.Ci

32、vil Servants are recruited mainly by competitive examination.Civil servants do not belong to any political party.Changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff,There are about 541,800 civil servants in Britain now.vA 140vB 125vC 100vD 85vE 60 Foreign Language Teaching and Researc

33、h PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Spe

34、aking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.2.2 Privy Councilva body of advisors(450 members)vcurrent and former Cabinet members and important public figures vIts main duty is to give advice2.2 The Executive Foreign Language Teaching and Research

35、 PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.3 The JudiciaryvProceedingsAll criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the innocence of

36、 the accused until he has been approved guilty beyond reasonable doubtIn criminal trials by jury,the judge passes sentence but the jury decides the issue of guilt and innocence.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaki

37、ng English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统vTwo branches of lawCivil lawdefines and enforces the duties or obligations of persons to one anotherCriminal lawby contrast,defines and enforces the obligations of persons to society as a wholeEnglish Judge

38、s2.3 The Judiciary Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 County CourtMagistrates Court(JPs,stipendiary magistrates)Crown

39、CourtHigh Court(QBD,CCD,FD)Court of AppealCourt of AppealHouse of LordsThe Court SystemCivil branchCriminalbranch2.3 The Judiciary Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据

40、运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Political PartiesIII 3.1 The Conservative Party 3.2 The Labor Party 3.3 The Liberal Democrats 3.0 Overall Introduction Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-

41、Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.0 Overall IntroductionvThe Parliament operates on a two-party system.vPolitical parties originated in the late 17th century.the Whig PartyLiberal Party the Tory PartyConservative Party Foreign Language Teaching and R

42、esearch PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.1 The Conservative Party vthe“Right”landowners and businessmen,the middle and upper-middle class free enterprise

43、and privatization of state-owned firms Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Margaret Thatcher(1979-1990)The Iron Lady vpr

44、ivatized state-owned industries and promoted a more competitive spirit in Britains economy vreduced old age pensions,shortened the period of unemployment benefits,and cut child benefitsvcurbed the power of the trade unions3.1 The Conservative Party Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign

45、 Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.2 The Labor Partyvthe“Left”created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th centuryAfter 1945to establish a welfare

46、 statenationalized industriesexercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮

47、球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统v Recent Prime Ministers from the leftTony Blair(1997-2006)“Third Way”made the Bank of England independent(separate politics and economic policy)put an emphasis on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes Gordon Brown(June 27,2007)3.2 The Labor Party Foreign Language Teachi

48、ng and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.3 The Liberal DemocratsvAn amalgamation of the old Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party(the latt

49、er being a breakaway group from the Labor Party,formed in 1981)vadvocates policies based on freedom of the individualvremains a minority party va party of protest rather than a real alternative for government Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA G

50、uide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统IV Electionvheld every five years in the 646 constituencies(unless a Motion of No Confidence is passed by the House of Commons)vcandidate who wins in each constituency becomes