英汉互译实践与技巧科技英语翻译.pptx

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1、会计学1英汉互译实践与技巧科技英语翻译英汉互译实践与技巧科技英语翻译.Formation of English Technical Terms.Formation of English Technical Terms英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成1.Affixation1.Affixation 缀合法：缀合法：缀合法：缀合法：prefix and suffix prefix and suffix n nminiultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+sonic+proberminiultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+

2、sonic+prober微型超声微型超声微型超声微型超声波金属探伤仪波金属探伤仪波金属探伤仪波金属探伤仪 n nmacrospacetransship=macro+space+trans+ship macrospacetransship=macro+space+trans+ship 巨型空巨型空巨型空巨型空间转运飞船间转运飞船间转运飞船间转运飞船n nteletypesetter=tele +type +setter teletypesetter=tele +type +setter 电传排宇机电传排宇机电传排宇机电传排宇机n nbathythermograph =bathy +thermo

3、+graph bathythermograph =bathy +thermo +graph 海水测温仪海水测温仪海水测温仪海水测温仪n nbarothermograph =baro +thermo +graph barothermograph =baro +thermo +graph 气压温度记气压温度记气压温度记气压温度记录器录器录器录器n ndeoxyribonucleic =de +oxy +ribo +nucleic deoxyribonucleic =de +oxy +ribo +nucleic 脱氧核糖核脱氧核糖核脱氧核糖核脱氧核糖核的的的的n nphotomoiphogenesi

4、s =photo +morpho +genesis photomoiphogenesis =photo +morpho +genesis 光形态发光形态发光形态发光形态发生生生生第1页/共18页.Formation of English Technical Terms.Formation of English Technical Terms英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成2.Compounding2.Compounding复合法复合法复合法复合法n nCombining with a hyphenCombining with a hyphen：salt-

5、formersalt-former卤素，卤素，卤素，卤素，dew-dew-pointpoint露点，露点，露点，露点，pulse-sealer pulse-sealer 脉冲定标器脉冲定标器脉冲定标器脉冲定标器n ncombining without a hyphen:falloutcombining without a hyphen:fallout放射性尘埃，放射性尘埃，放射性尘埃，放射性尘埃，hovercrafthovercraft气垫船，气垫船，气垫船，气垫船，waterlock waterlock 水闸，水闸，水闸，水闸，thunderstorm thunderstorm 雷暴雷暴雷暴

6、雷暴n ntwo or more separate words forming a word two or more separate words forming a word combination:verbal translatorcombination:verbal translator逐字翻译机逐字翻译机逐字翻译机逐字翻译机,satellite,satellite antimissile observation system antimissile observation system 卫星反导弹观察系统卫星反导弹观察系统卫星反导弹观察系统卫星反导弹观察系统n nbull s eye(

7、bull s eye(靶心靶心靶心靶心)，cat-and-mouse(cat-and-mouse(航向与指挥的航向与指挥的航向与指挥的航向与指挥的)，dog house(dog house(高频高压电源屏蔽罩高频高压电源屏蔽罩高频高压电源屏蔽罩高频高压电源屏蔽罩)第2页/共18页.Formation of English Technical Terms.Formation of English Technical Terms英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成3.3.BlendingBlending 缩合法缩合法缩合法缩合法n nsmog=smoke+fog

8、 smog=smoke+fog 烟雾烟雾烟雾烟雾n nbrunch=breakfast+lunch brunch=breakfast+lunch 早午餐早午餐早午餐早午餐/晚早餐晚早餐晚早餐晚早餐n ntelex=teleprinter+exchange telex=teleprinter+exchange 电传电传电传电传n ngravisphere =gravity +sphere gravisphere =gravity +sphere 引力范围引力范围引力范围引力范围n nmedicare =medical+care medicare =medical+care 医疗保健医疗保健医疗保

9、健医疗保健n nbiorhythm =biological +rhythm biorhythm =biological +rhythm 生理节奏生理节奏生理节奏生理节奏n ncopytron =copy +electron copytron =copy +electron 电子复写电子复写电子复写电子复写(技术技术技术技术)第3页/共18页4.A4.Acronymcronym首字母缩略首字母缩略首字母缩略首字母缩略n nADP automatic data processing ADP automatic data processing 自动数据处理自动数据处理自动数据处理自动数据处理n nA

10、IDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病艾滋病艾滋病艾滋病n nEDPM electronic data processing machine EDPM electronic data processing machine 电子数据处理机电子数据处理机电子数据处理机电子数据处理机n nMOUSE MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite ofminimum orbital unmanned satellite of the ea

11、rth the earth(仪表载重仪表载重仪表载重仪表载重50 50 公斤以下的公斤以下的公斤以下的公斤以下的)不载人的最小人造地球卫星不载人的最小人造地球卫星不载人的最小人造地球卫星不载人的最小人造地球卫星n nSALT SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈限制战略武器会谈限制战略武器会谈限制战略武器会谈n nSNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary powerSNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary powe

12、r (原子原子原子原子)核辅助动核辅助动核辅助动核辅助动力子系统力子系统力子系统力子系统n nAS air scoop AS air scoop 空气收集器空气收集器空气收集器空气收集器n n air seasoned air seasoned 风干的风干的风干的风干的(木材木材木材木材)n n airspeed airspeed 空速、气流速率空速、气流速率空速、气流速率空速、气流速率n n air station air station 航空站、飞机场航空站、飞机场航空站、飞机场航空站、飞机场n n American Standard American Standard 美国标准美国标准美

13、国标准美国标准n n atmosphere and space atmosphere and space 大气层与宇宙空间大气层与宇宙空间大气层与宇宙空间大气层与宇宙空间第4页/共18页.Formation of English Technical Terms.Formation of English Technical Terms英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成英语技术词语的构成5.5.Proper NounsProper Nouns专有名词专有名词专有名词专有名词n nXerox Xerox 静电复制静电复制静电复制静电复制(derived from a tradem

14、ark)(derived from a trademark)n nIBM System IBM IBM System IBM 系统系统系统系统(derived from a US(derived from a US corporation)corporation)n nKuru Kuru 库鲁病库鲁病库鲁病库鲁病(derived from a place in eastern New(derived from a place in eastern New Guinea)Guinea)n nAlfven wave Alfven wave 阿尔文波阿尔文波阿尔文波阿尔文波(derived from

15、 the Swedish(derived from the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)第5页/共18页.Characteristics Syntax of EST.Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点1 1、More Long and Complicated SentencesMore Long and Complicated Sentencesn nOne of the most importa

16、nt things which the One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial

17、 problems,recognizing the structure of managerial problems,eliminating the minor details which might obstruct eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making,and m concentrating on the main decision making,and m concentrating on the main issues.issues.经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建经济理论对于管

18、理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立分析模型。这种模型有立分析模型。这种模型有立分析模型。这种模型有立分析模型。这种模型有 助于认识管理问题的构成，助于认识管理问题的构成，助于认识管理问题的构成，助于认识管理问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。力去解决主要的问题。力去解决主要的问题。力去解决主要的问题。第6页/共18页.Characteris

19、tics Syntax of EST.Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点2 2、High Frequency of Noun Phrases(High Frequency of Noun Phrases(MoreMore NominalizationNominalization)n nAll substances will permit the passage of some All substances will permit the passage of some electric curren

20、t,provided the potential difference is electric current,provided the potential difference is high enough.high enough.n nPoor Translation:Poor Translation:只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。n nIdiomatic Translation:Idiomatic Translation:只要有

21、足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。第7页/共18页3 3、Extensive Use of he Passive Voice Extensive Use of he Passive Voice n nGeneral EnglishGeneral English：People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white,milky People get natural rubber from rubber trees

22、as a white,milky liquid,which is called latex.They mix it with acid,and d y liquid,which is called latex.They mix it with acid,and d y it,and then they send it to countries all over the world.it,and then they send it to countries all over the world.n nChinese Version:Chinese Version:人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是

23、一种叫做人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做 乳胶乳胶乳胶乳胶 的白色乳的白色乳的白色乳的白色乳状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运往世界各国往世界各国往世界各国往世界各国 。n nScientific English:Scientific English:Natural rubber is obtained from rubber

24、trees as a white,Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white,milky liquid known as latex.This is treated with acid and milky liquid known as latex.This is treated with acid and dried,before being dispatched to countries all over the dried,before being dispatched to countries all over the

25、 world.world.n nChinese Version:Chinese Version:天然橡胶天然橡胶天然橡胶天然橡胶 一种一种一种一种 叫做叫做叫做叫做 乳胶乳胶乳胶乳胶 的的的的 白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。在运在运在运在运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。第8页/共18页4 4、More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb More Non-Finite Forms

26、 of the Verb n nToday the electronic computer is widely used hi Today the electronic computer is widely used hi solving mathematical problems having to do with solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.weather forecasting and putting satell

27、ites into orbit.今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。5 5、Different Uses ofDifferent Uses of the Tensethe Tensen nWhen steam is condensed again to water,the same When ste

28、am is condensed again to water,the same amount of heat is given out as amount of heat is given out as waswas taken in when me taken in when me steam steam waswas formed.formed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来原来原来原来形形形形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。成蒸汽时所吸

29、收的热量相等。成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。第9页/共18页.Characteristics Syntax of EST.Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点科技英语的句法特点6 6、The Post-Position of the AttributiveThe Post-Position of the Attributiven nThe force upward equals the forceThe force upward equals the force downward downward so that so t

30、hat the balloon stays at the same height.the balloon stays at the same height.向上的向上的向上的向上的力与力与力与力与向下的向下的向下的向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一力相等，所以气球就保持在这一力相等，所以气球就保持在这一力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。高度。高度。高度。第10页/共18页.Methods.Methods of Translating of Translating ESTEST科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法1 1、Expanding Noun Phras

31、eExpanding Noun Phrases s into Separate Clause into Separate Clauses s n nThe slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide filmfilm allows it to be colored with either organic or allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dye

32、s.inorganic dyes.氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性，因此可以用有机或无机，因此可以用有机或无机，因此可以用有机或无机，因此可以用有机或无机染料着色。染料着色。染料着色。染料着色。2 2、Converting Noun PhraseConverting Noun Phrases s into Verb-object Structure into Verb-object Structures sn n The building of these giant iron and steel worksThe bui

33、lding of these giant iron and steel works will will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.industry of our country.建立这些大型钢铁厂建立这些大型钢铁厂建立这些大型钢铁厂建立这些大型钢铁厂会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。会大大加速

34、我国钢铁工业的发展。第11页/共18页.Methods Employed in the Translation of EST.Methods Employed in the Translation of EST科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法3 3、Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences,Adverbial Clauses,etc.Sentences,Adverbial Claus

35、es,etc.n nThis is an electrical method,This is an electrical method,which is most promisingwhich is most promising when the water is brackish.when the water is brackish.这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，它最有希望它最有希望它最有希望它最有希望。4 4、Converting the Passive into the ActiveConverti

36、ng the Passive into the Activen n Plants and trees Plants and trees are provided by are provided by nature with four nature with four means of dispersing their seeds.means of dispersing their seeds.大自然大自然大自然大自然赋予赋予赋予赋予草木草木草木草木4 4 种传播种子的方法。种传播种子的方法。种传播种子的方法。种传播种子的方法。第12页/共18页.Methods Employed in the

37、Translation of EST.Methods Employed in the Translation of EST科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法科技英语的翻译方法5 5、Supplementing Necessary WordsSupplementing Necessary Words to Indicate Different to Indicate Different Tenses Tensesn nIt It was understoodwas understood that atoms were the smallest that atoms were

38、the smallest elements.It is known now that atoms are further elements.It is known now that atoms are further divided into nuclei and electrons,neutrons and protons,divided into nuclei and electrons,neutrons and protons,etc.etc.以前人们以前人们以前人们以前人们认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知道原子认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知道原子认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知

39、道原子认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知道原子还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。第13页/共18页 Practice:Point out mistakes in the following translation Practice:Point out mistakes in the following translation and correct them.and correct them.n n1.In 1872,he published the results in a

40、paper titled The 1.In 1872,he published the results in a paper titled The Galvanic Chain,Mathematically Treated.Galvanic Chain,Mathematically Treated.*在在在在1872 1872 年，他用年，他用年，他用年，他用电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理为标题在为标题在为标题在为标题在报纸上发表了这个结果。报纸上发表了这个结果。报纸上发表了这个结果。报纸上发表了这个结果。n n2.The importance

41、 of superconductors in the uses of 2.The importance of superconductors in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.electricity cannot be overestimated.*超导体在电器应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。超导体在电器应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。超导体在电器应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。超导体在电器应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。n n3.During one four-year period about 600 years ago the

42、3.During one four-year period about 600 years ago the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.*大约大约大约大约600 600 年前，黑死病在年前，黑死病在年前，黑死病在年前，黑死病在4 4 年中至少使年中至少使年中至少使年中至少使25002500万欧洲人死万欧洲人死万欧洲人死万欧洲人死亡。亡。亡。亡。n n4.The pilot lamp stopped t

43、o represent the termination 4.The pilot lamp stopped to represent the termination of1he operation.of1he operation.*指示灯停止显示操作终止。指示灯停止显示操作终止。指示灯停止显示操作终止。指示灯停止显示操作终止。第14页/共18页n n1.In 1872,he published the results in a paper titled The 1.In 1872,he published the results in a paper titled The Galvanic Ch

44、ain,Mathematically Treated.Galvanic Chain,Mathematically Treated.1872 1872 年，他在以年，他在以年，他在以年，他在以电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理电流的链、数学化处理为标题的为标题的为标题的为标题的论文里发表了这个结果。论文里发表了这个结果。论文里发表了这个结果。论文里发表了这个结果。n n2.The importance of superconductors in the uses of 2.The importance of superconductors in the uses of

45、electricity cannot be overestimated.electricity cannot be overestimated.对超导体在电器应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。对超导体在电器应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。对超导体在电器应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。对超导体在电器应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。n n3.During one four-year period about 600 years ago the 3.During one four-year period about 600 years ago the Black Death killed at

46、 least 25 million people in Europe.Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.大约在大约在大约在大约在600 600 年前，黑死病一次流行了年前，黑死病一次流行了年前，黑死病一次流行了年前，黑死病一次流行了4 4 年，至少使年，至少使年，至少使年，至少使25002500万欧洲人死亡。万欧洲人死亡。万欧洲人死亡。万欧洲人死亡。n n4.The pilot lamp stopped to represent the termination 4.The pilot lamp stopped to

47、represent the termination of1he operation.of1he operation.指示灯熄灭，以表示操作终止。指示灯熄灭，以表示操作终止。指示灯熄灭，以表示操作终止。指示灯熄灭，以表示操作终止。第15页/共18页n n5.If a designer were to design a bracket to support 100 5.If a designer were to design a bracket to support 100 lb.when it should have been figured for1000 lb.,failure lb.whe

48、n it should have been figured for1000 lb.,failure would be forthcoming.would be forthcoming.*如果设汁者所设计的托架能支撑如果设汁者所设计的托架能支撑如果设汁者所设计的托架能支撑如果设汁者所设计的托架能支撑100 100 磅，当它被设计磅，当它被设计磅，当它被设计磅，当它被设计为为为为10001000磅时，事故一定会出现。磅时，事故一定会出现。磅时，事故一定会出现。磅时，事故一定会出现。n n6.Afterwards he found a sunspot which lived long 6.After

49、wards he found a sunspot which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb of enough to disappear from view on the western limb of the sun,to reappear on its eastern limb,and finally to the sun,to reappear on its eastern limb,and finally to regain its old position.regain its old pos

50、ition.*后来，他发现有一个停留在太阳西部的边缘上的黑子后来，他发现有一个停留在太阳西部的边缘上的黑子后来，他发现有一个停留在太阳西部的边缘上的黑子后来，他发现有一个停留在太阳西部的边缘上的黑子过了很长一段时间才消失在太阳的东部边缘上，最后过了很长一段时间才消失在太阳的东部边缘上，最后过了很长一段时间才消失在太阳的东部边缘上，最后过了很长一段时间才消失在太阳的东部边缘上，最后再次获得了原位。再次获得了原位。再次获得了原位。再次获得了原位。第16页/共18页n n5.If a designer were to design a bracket to support 100 5.If a de