《新整理施工方案大全》附录-文献翻译-中学.doc

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1、附录：文献翻译construct the shape designThe building is to condense the technical intelligence crystallize of the civilization history and sciences of mankind. It is also a complicated comprehensive body。A development of city building industry symbolizes its comprehensive real strength and social spirit fe

2、atures at the same time. A, the function integrity and create the sex space. The whole space of the so-called building, from order, line, the unit space that face a certain to combine to sign is the main factor composing. As a result can say that the unit space conduct and actions constructs whole t

3、he composing of the space to is to go to pass important. Building, a unit space opposite to say that is a static space, however constitutes for the space of the dynamic state then while do whole space composing. The architect in common uses curved face and inclined planes to constitute the space, it

4、s purpose are for expressing the space result of the dynamic state.Building not only can heading up the development, and can to on all sides fluxion. Construct the space contain outside, inside the space is separately, making the building design must will inside, the outside space is organic to melt

5、 to remit together, then can make thus whole construct a kind of free to the person, comfortable felling, make view just like drink one cup superb, fragrance of wine, solid true at enjoy beautifully. Two, the flat surface conceive outline The architectural flat surface shape has the exact square, re

6、ctangle, triangle, a type.etc. basically, or is to be turn into by above-mentioned few formers and combine the body. The flat surface shape mainly is decided by the architect total to conceive outline, the function request and area, the building technique condition and addressees of the object desig

7、ns are in a specific way the environment. Press several shape, quantity and each ones of flat surface several correlation between sketch of to combine, set, constitute in the flat surface up can is divided into the single body type, a body type and flatten the noodles type, community and freestyles

8、again. The character building 1.Outstanding, emphasize the of the building toward the skill that the lines is a contemporary architect to often adopt, it can make building produce a kind of float the but ascend of felling, a kind of keep expressing the chest of state of mind, usually make the person

9、 associate the thriving organic friendly interest. The simple is not difficult toward the building that the lines arrange, but, combine with environment is construct the external appearance processing up often meets of key problem. This depends on the architect according to the building a concrete p

10、osition, construct the background etc. carries on the comprehensive consideration, is also the architect oneself dimensions feeling an individual now.2.The more body of the design shape of the outstanding and neat shape transacts now, the guest house building, in miscellaneous buildings of prosperou

11、s, the usage flat surface whole signs the noodles for the lord, pursuing again some lenses, the hasp varieties in the foundation of the neat shape, making building outshine others, giving the person a kind of clear and bright and simple shape, expressing a kind of big degree, classic artistic concep

12、tion. On the contrary some lords that transact to construct the adoption complications and change much sign to face would bring the people a kind of tedious, feel vexed of the felling and the visual effect. 3.The pillar form building used for high and extremely high layer design more, is usually the

13、 pillar form of that the epidermis unifies the whole and delightfully fresh and towering even crest. The pillar form building contain many kinds, the exterior that have in the pillar form makes a modern style processing of the game line, becoming the soft flavor, having then to increase the very sha

14、llow form of in the complicated entity outward appearance.The minute part processing The building while consider the whole premise, the minute part design also is very important, so exactly these minute parts just make building had abundant sense of vision the feeling. Elaborate this standpoint from

15、 several aspects now.1.Architectural entrance for construct like the persons a similar importance. Construct the entrance is an extremely important part of total image, is people to construct the output first impression, the people usually will keep in mind that entrance and construct total comparis

16、on whether reasonable, moderate. Therefore, the architect considers constructing the entrance with meticulous care to mold to construct the image count for much. 2.The veranda rises the important function in construct composition and the building shapes; it has the function of usage, having the ador

17、nment function at the same time. Therefore, the veranda design handle properly, will make building add flowers to brocade, in the external appearance shape the function that rise to put life into. Live the veranda in the building to usually lay particular emphasis on the usage function, like in the

18、aspect processing, such as flat surface size and position.etc. with the relation of construct the corpus, since provide the complete usage condition for the one whom live, and then satisfy the mental request and the environment needs of lives. The veranda design within public building then pays atte

19、ntion to be a kind of means that constructs the shape processing, putting great emphasis on to decorate the function and beautify the building, it is mainly with the request of the building external appearance but vivid arrange, to the request of the shape and beauty more important. 3.The coping of

20、the building is an importance that constructs the shape to constitute the part. The coping design is we often tough problem of feeling, the coping design not be handled properly, the regret that will appear to fail by a small margin.The architect usually thinks the contemplation for hat but bitterne

21、ss of the building, all liking to put on a hat for the building, actually I think and would not according to the architectural position, space environment, the building shape characteristic consider the coping hat design, the building that have is simple and direct and sign to face neatly to usually

22、 have no hat up the coping the result would be better. Take a comprehensive view of the architectural history can understand the big current of the change of construct the shape, passing the understanding from arrived the change of the modern in the past, can calculate some methods of appear a shape

23、s and will construct the development direction of the shape in the future, so, be a building design personnel, remind the oneself continuously in design practice, keep a brains for open, as long as the brave innovation, stir up the inspiration, create the accomplishment of the oneself is normal exer

24、tive, the architects can did not rest the endless and changeable building shape.建筑造型设计建筑是凝结着人类文明历史与科学技术的智慧结晶。其本身也是个复杂综合体。一个城市建筑业的发展同时标志着它的综合实力和社会精神面貌。 一、功能完整性和创造性空间。 所谓建筑的整体空间，是由点、线、面的某种组合而成立的单位空间作为要素构成的。因而可以说单位空间作为建筑的整体空间的构成是至关重要的。 建筑，作为一个单位空间相对来说是静止的空间，然而在做整体空间构成时便构成为动态的空间。建筑师常用曲面和斜面来构成空间，其目的就是为了表

25、达动态的空间效果。建筑不仅可以向上发展，而且可以向四周流动。 建筑空间有外、内空间之分，作建筑设计时必须将内、外空间有机融汇在一起，这样才能使整个建筑给人一种自由、舒适的感觉，使观者宛如喝一杯醇美、芳香的酒，实实在在美的享受。 二、平面构思 建筑的平面形状基本的有正方形、矩形、三角形、圆型等，或者是由上述几种形式的演变和组合体。平面造型主要取决于建筑师的总体构思，所设计对象的功能要求与面积，建筑技术条件和地址具体环境。按几何平面的形状、数量以及各个几何图形之间的相互关系来组合、组群，在平面构成上又可分为单体式、双体式、变平面式、群体及自由式。 个性建筑-建筑形象构成 1、 突出、强调建筑物的竖

26、向线条是当代建筑师常采用的手法，它能使建筑物产生一种飘逸而上的感觉，一种直抒胸臆的情怀，常常使人联想到勃勃的生机和气息。 简单的竖向线条排列的建筑方面并不困难，但是，与环境结合是建筑外观处理上常遇到的主要问题。这就依靠建筑师根据建筑物所处具体位置、建筑背景等方面进行综合考虑，也是建筑师自身尺度感一个体现。 2、 突出平整外形的设计造型较多体现在办公、宾馆建筑，在繁华喧杂的建筑群中，运用平面整体性为主立面，在平整外形的基础再追求某些线条、门窗的变化，使建筑物脱颖而出，给人一种清朗、简朴的造型，表达一种大度、高尚的意境。反而有些办公建筑采用复杂、多变的主立面会带给人们一种繁琐、心烦的感觉和视觉效果

27、。 3、棱柱形建筑多用于高层和超高层设计，通常是表皮统一整体的清新、高耸平顶的棱柱形。棱柱形建筑有许多种，有的在棱柱形的外部作游戏线型现代风格处理，形成柔和的味道，有的则在复杂的实体外表增加浅浅的矩齿形式。 细部处理 一栋建筑在考虑整体的前提下，细部设计也是十分重要，因此正是这些细部才使建筑有了丰富的视觉感受。现从几方面阐述这一观点。 1、 建筑的入口对于建筑如同人的脸部一样重要。建筑入口是总体形象极为重要的部位，是人们对建筑产生的第一印象。人们往往会留意该入口与建筑总体比例是否合理、协调。因此，建筑师精心考虑建筑入口对塑造建筑形象非常重要。 2、 阳台在建筑构图与建筑造型中起重要作用，它具有

28、使用功能，同时起了装饰功能。因此，阳台设计处理得当，会使建筑锦上添花，外观造型中起到画龙点睛的作用。 居住建筑中的阳台往往侧重使用功能，在平面尺寸、位置等方面处理好与建筑主体的关系，既为居住者提供完备的使用条件，又能满足居住者的心理要求与环境需求。公共建筑中的阳台设计则注重作为一种建筑造型处理的手段，着重于装饰功能与美化建筑，它主要随建筑外观的要求而灵活布置，对造型及美观的要求更为重要。 3、 建筑物的顶部是建筑造型的一个重要组成部分。顶部设计是我们常感棘手的问题，顶部设计处理不当，会出现功亏一篑的遗憾。建筑师常常为建筑的“帽子”而苦思冥想，都喜欢为建筑戴上一顶“帽子”，实际上我认为要根据建筑的位置、空间环境、建筑造型特性才考虑顶部“帽子”设计，有的建筑简洁、平整的立面上顶部没有“帽子”往往效果会更好。 综观建筑的历史可以了解建筑造型的变迁的大潮流，通过了解从过去到现代的变迁，可以推测出现代造型的某些方法以及未来建筑造型的发展方向，所以，作为一名建筑设计人员，在设计实践中不断提醒自己，保持一个开放的头脑，只要大胆创新、激发灵感，将自身的修养正常发挥，建筑师们就能创造出无休无尽、变幻莫测的建筑造型。