(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全.pdf

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1、最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全Unit 1Unit 1重点短语重点短语:have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake ones temperaturehave a fevergo to a doctorto ones surpriseagree to(do sth.)get into troublebe used totake risksrun out(of)cut offget out ofbe in control ofkeep on(doing sth.）give up语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.Wh

2、ats the matter(with you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：Whats wrong with you?/Whats the trouble?matter 作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter?It doesnt matter.【例题】Does it _ if we cant finish it today?A.mindB.mindsC.matterD.matters2.I have a sore throat.have“患病”，常用“have a/an+名词”.have a coldhave a feve

3、rhave a sore backhave a stomachachehave a cough【例题】()-Does he often have _ cold?-Yes.He also _a cough and a sorethroat.A.a;hasB./;hasC.a;haveD./;have3.Lie down and rest!躺下休息lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying4.Thats probably why.那可能就是原因。probably 意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯

4、定的意思。5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell.他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping.公交车司机，24 岁的王平24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24 岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disab

5、led father.A.three-year-oldB.three-years-oldC.Three years old7.expect vt.期待；预期；期盼expectexpect 的常见用法的常见用法:expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his daughters visit.expect to do sth.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad.expect sb.to do sth.Do you expect him to teach you English?expect+从句I expe

6、ct that you will get there soon.【辨析】expect 与 look forward to两者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth.(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第1页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第1页Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8.But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是to ones surprise 表示“令人惊奇的是”，相当于“主语+be+surprised”To his surprise,he found the girl was

7、 bind.=He was surprised to find the girl was blind.令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】in surprisein surprise 表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。be surprised at 表示“对感到惊讶”。We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising 表示“使人惊奇的”，作表语时，主语是事物。9.They dont wa

8、nt any trouble.他们不想惹麻烦。trouble 用作名词，意为“烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。His life is full of trouble.他的生活充满了烦恼。Whats the trouble?怎么了？trouble 用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。Im sorry to trouble you.抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble 陷入困境Have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难【例题】-How is your English study?-Not bad.But I_

9、learning English grammar.A.am interestedB.am good atC.have a little troubleD.have no trouble10.辨析辨析used to do sth.与be used to sth./doing sth.过去常常习惯于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end,I got used to doing hard work.11.辨析辨析 run out 与 run out of人+run ou

10、t ofThey have run out of the water.物+run out(不可用于被动语态）The money is running out.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项()Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings.I need to buy some now.A.ate upB.run out ofC.ran ofD.ran out of12.make decisions=make a decision 作出决定decision 为 decide 的名词形式make a decision to do sth.

11、=decide to do sth.13.be in control of管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法：重点语法：情态动词情态动词 shouldshould 的用法的用法（1）should 后接动词原形，变否定句在 should 后加 not,变一般疑问句时将 should 提前。（2）should 常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired.You should lie down and rest.表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。Wait a minute.I think he should com

12、e in a minute.Unit 2Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.Ill help to clean up the city parks.重点短语重点短语:(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第2页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第2页clean upby oneselfcheer upput offgive output onused togive awaytake afterset upmake a differencecare forcome up with语言知识归纳：1.give out 分发，

13、发放【拓展】give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送give in 屈服，投降give up 放弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）e up with 提出，想出(1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于 think ofI think she can come up with a good idea(2)come up with 还可表示“赶上”,相当于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them【例题】()We must _a plan to improve your math.A.pick upB.catch

14、 up withC.come up withD.make up3.Iv run out of it.我已经把它用完了。run out of 表示“用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】run out of 还可表示“从跑出来”。Bill ran out of the room.Bill 从房间里跑出来。run 构成的短语还有run away 逃走run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】()When your money_,please come to me for some.A.runs out ofB.runs outC.is running ou

15、t ofD.is run out4.I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】take after 与 look liketake after 意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】take 构成的短语take upt

16、ake offtake placetake ones timetake care【例题】()-Youve really beautiful blond hair.-Thank you.I _my mother.A.look afterB.take afterC.take fromD.look for语气。翻译短语位 at most,意为“至多，最多”。He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were fifty people there at most.3.all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the t

17、ime.事情一直在变化。【拓展】time 相关的短语on time 准时at the same time 同时in time 及时From time to time 偶尔the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第3页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第3页()I always go shopping on Friday.A.all the timeB.all the sameC.all alongD.all the way5.Im just as tired as you are!我和你一样累。

18、as.as 意为“和一样”,表示同级比较。as.as 中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为 not as/so.as,意为“不如”。The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例题】()He speaks French well,but of course not_a person born in France.A.as clear asB.clearer thanC.as clearly asD.the more clearly5.For

19、one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。we drive,_pollution our city will have.A.the fewer;the fewerB.the fewer;the lessC.The more;the fewerD.the more;the less11.in order to 的用法(1)in order to 意为“为了”，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order to let the students hear him,he spoke loudly.W

20、e have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school,she took a taxi.(2)含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由 so that 或 in order that 引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus

21、.12.as a result 的用法as a result 用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是”。He didnt listen carefully.As a result,he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因为”，相当于 because of。Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.=Peter was late because of the heavy rain.【例题】()Th

22、e boy studied hard._,he passed the exam.A.Ia factB.On timeC.After allD.As a resultUnitUnit 4 4Why dont you talk to your parents?Why dont you talk to your parents?重点短语重点短语:look throughwork outget on withcut outcompare.within ones opiniona big dealso thatget into a fightcommunicate withnot.until.call

23、sb.upinstead of语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.Why dont you talk to your parents?Why dont you do sth.=Why not do sth.“为什么不?”【拓展】提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.?我们做某事好吗？Youd better(not)do sth.你最好（不）做某事。(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第4页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第4页Why dont you do sth.为什么不做某事呢？Would

24、 you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？2.allow v.允许，许可 allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事“My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.allow doing sth.“允许做某事”She doesnt allow smoking in her house.allow+名词We cant allow such a thing.【例题】()Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m.A.to stay upB.stay upC.staying upD.a

25、nd stay up3.work out 产生效果，进展Things worked out quite well for us.对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem.他算出了这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone?你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？municate v.交流信息；沟通I cant communicate with them at the moment.此刻我无法同他们进行交流。communication n.交流People cant get on well with each other w

26、ithout communication.没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。()People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicate5.argue vi.争论；争吵argue with sb.与某人争论Dont argue with your parents.不要和你的父母争论。argue 的名词形式是“argument”,have an argument with sb.与某人辩论。Alice hand an argument

27、 with her best friend.【例题】()I never argue _my parents.A.inB.toC.forD.with6.instead adv.代替，顶替If you are busy,you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 与 instead ofinstead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词 ing。He didnt answer.He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of nood

28、les.【例题】()What a nice day!We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel.A.because ofB.instead ofC.together withD.out7.offer v.提供；提出；建议 offer 做“提供”讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth.向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.=The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.offer 还有“提出，建议”

29、的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例题】()The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought8.And they are always comparing them with other children.(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第5页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第5页compare 作动词，意为“比较，和相比”。

30、compare.with.把同相比较Parents shouldnt always compare their children with others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。compare.to.把比作People often compare the life to a stage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】()My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers.A.toB.withC.onD.for10.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.return 意为

31、“归还”，其后可接双宾语return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.Dont forget to return me the keys.return 还有“返回”的意思，相当于 go back,后接地点时需要介词 to。He作连词引导时间状语从句，在 while 引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV,someone knocked at the door.when 意为“当时”，动作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I heard someone singi

32、ng.while 作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesnt.【例题】()Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast.A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though()Mary was talking on the phone _someone knocked at the door.A.whileB.beforeC.whenD.after2.make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth.make sure to do sth

33、.make sure that+从句【例题】()Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.A.make sureB.turn upC.come outD.look for3.I got togot to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get 意为“到达”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词 to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket?表示“到达”的三种形式：arrive

34、意为到达at+小地点arrivein+大地点 get to 后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning.reach 意为“到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach America?【例题】()Please write to me as soon as you _ your school.A.get toB.reach toC.arriveD.come()-When did your aunt_in Shandong?-Yesterday afternoon.A.reachB.getC.arriveD.come4.

35、People often remember what they were doing when they heardheard the news of important events in(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第6页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第6页history.hear 动词,意为“听说”。常用结构为：hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事 hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb./sth.听说某人或某事 hear from sb.收到某人的来信 hear+that 从句听说【例题】

36、()Tom likes to _others but he never writes to them.A.hearB.hear ofC.hear aboutD.hear from()-When did you _the news?-Just now.A.hear aboutB.hear fromC.heardD.hearing5.I played the song withoutwithout any mistakes.without 介词,意为“无；没有”，其反义词为 with,后接名词、代词或动词 ing。Fish cant live without water.He went to wo

37、rk without having breakfast.【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。She entered the room_ _at the door.你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？Can you see clearly _your _Unit 6Unit 6An old man tried to move the mountains.An old man tried to move the mountains.重点短语重点短语:a little bitinstead ofturn.intoonce upon a timefall in loveget marriedas soon asinst

38、ead ofgive birth tobe bornturn.into语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.try 的用法 try to do sth.尽力做某事He is trying to learn English.try doing sth.试着做某事You should try taking more exercise.try ones best尽力Ill try my best to help him.try on试穿Would you like to try this dress on?2.remind vt.使想起，提醒 remind sb.of/about sth.使某人想起某事T

39、he song remind me of my childhood.remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事Peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time.4.What do you think of.?你认为怎么样？What do you think of.?=How do you like.?注：think 后接动名词，like 后接带 to 的不定式如：What do you think of goinggoing climbing tomorrow?=How do you like to go to go climbing

40、 tomorrow?你认为明天去爬山怎么样？【例题】()-_do you think of the football match?-Its perfect.Its more excitingthan_match that I have ever watched.A.How;any otherB.How;any othersC.What;any otherD.What;any others5.NeitherNeither of you is wrong.你们两个都没错。neither 两者都不；也不e.g.Neither of the ideas is good.I like neither s

41、ubject.(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第7页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第7页neither 作连词，表示“既不也不”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。e.g.Neither you nor he is in this team.Neither he nor I am a teacher.【例题】()-Which do you prefer,a CD player or a walk man?-_.I prefer a computer.A.BothB.EitherC.NoneD.Neither5.5.unlessunless 的用法的用

42、法unlA.enough;toB.as;asC.so;that7.as soon as 一就as soon as 为连词，引导时间状语从句当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”。e.g.Ill tell her about the matter as soon as she returns home.Ill ring you up as soon as I got to Sanya.【例题】()-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?-Sure.Ill give it to her_she arrives here

43、.A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.as soon as8.the whole family 全家whole 的用法作形容词，意为“全部的；完整的”。the whole night 整夜in the whole world 全世界作名词，意为“全部，全体，整个”。as a whole 作为整体the whole of China 整个中国【辨析】whole 与 allwhole 一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而 all 则位于这些词之前all the time/the whole time 整个时间all my life/my whole life 我的一生all t

44、he class/the whole class 整个班级【例题】()Alison has been skating for_two hours.A.the allB.whole theC.the wholeD.all of9.be made of 与 be made from 由制成be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料The desks are made of wood.be made from看不出原材料，属于化学变化Paper is made of wood.【例题】()This pair of shoes_by hand,and it _very comfortabl

45、e.A.is made from;is feltB.are made of;feelsC.is made by;feelsUnit 7Unit 7Whats the highest mountain in the world?Whats the highest mountain in the world?重点短语重点短语:feel freeas far as I knowin the face ofeven thoughat birthwalk intofall overor sotake inmany timesendangered animalsachieve ones dream语言知识

46、归纳：语言知识归纳：2.2.比较级和最高级的特殊句型比较级和最高级的特殊句型“get/become+形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”表示“变得越来越”，当形容词为多音节词（少数双音节词）时，用“more and more+原级”。(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第8页(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全-第8页It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.“the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级”意为“越就越”。The harder you work at your study,the better grades

47、you will have.“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最之一”。Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China.This is/was+the+最高级+名词+that 引导的定语从句。This is the most interesting story I have ever read.三级句型之间的转换 形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词This book is more difficult than any other book here.=This book is the most di

48、fficult of all.形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词Bill is taller than the other students in his class.同级比较用 as.as.,否定式为 not as/so.as.He is as tall as his father.He is not as tall as his father.“more+形容词”与“less+形容词”及“not so/as.as”的互换。This question is more difficult than that one.=That question is less difficu

49、lt than this one.=That question isnt so difficult as this one.2.2.数量的表达数量的表达英语中通常将数字放在单位词的前面，而将表示长、宽、高等的词放在单位词的后面。固定句式为：主语+be+数词+形容词（长、宽、高、深）。The boy is 1.7 meters tall.This building is 90 meters high.5.China has the biggest populationpopulation in the world.population 是集体名词，没有复数形式，作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。

50、The population of the school is 500.指人口多少时，一般用 large 或 small 来表示。The population of China is larger than that of America.提问“有多少人口”，用 what 或 how large,而不用 how many。Whats the population of China?6.succeedsucceed v.v.成功，做到succeed 常与 in 连用，succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事）Did you succeed in booking the ticket