高中英语高考复习语法知识讲解（并列句+系动词+介词短语妙用+时态详解）.doc

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1、高考英语语法知识讲解一、并列句英语中，有一类连词，用来连接并列的句子或者成分，这些连词统一称为并列连词。常见的单一并列连词：and, but, or, so.单一并列连词连接并列的成分：1.连接并列主语Tom and Mary are good friends.汤姆和玛丽是好朋友。and连接并列的主语Tom和Mary。2.连接并列谓语I watched TV and played basketball yesterday.我昨天看电视，打篮球了。and连接并列的谓语watched和played。3.连接并列宾语You can eat an apple or an orange.你可以吃一个苹果

2、或橘子。or连接并列的宾语an apple和an orange。4.连接并列表语They are smart and beautiful.她们聪明且美丽。and连接并列表语smart和beautiful。5.连接并列定语The beautiful and smart girl is my sister.这个漂亮且聪明的女孩是我妹妹。and连接并列定语beautiful和smart。6.连接并列状语I walked into the classroom quickly and quietly.我悄悄地快速走进了教室。and连接并列状语quickly和quietly。7.连接并列补语He saw

3、the thief enter the store and steal something.他看见这个小偷进入商店，偷了一些东西。and连接并列补语enter the store 和steal something，都是补充说明宾语thief，所以是宾语补足语。单一并列连词连接并列的句子：1.He didnt pass the exam and he felt disappointed.他没有通过考试，他感到很沮丧。and连接两个句子：He didnt pass the exam 和he felt disappointed.2.The task was difficult, but they d

4、idnt give up.这项任务很难，但是他们没有放弃。but连接两个句子：the task was difficult 和 they didnt give up常见的复合并列连词：not only., but also., not., but., either.or., neither.nor., both.and., as well as复合并列连词连接并列的成分：1.连接并列主语Not only Tom but also his parents want to go to the cinema.不仅汤姆，他父母也想去看电影。not only., but also.用来连接两个并列主语T

5、om和his parents2.连接并列谓语Worried about her son, she neither eats nor drinks.担心她儿子，她不吃也不喝。neither.， nor.连接并列谓语eats和drinks3.连接并列宾语I want either this doll or that doll.我想要这个洋娃娃或者那个洋娃娃。either.， or.连接并列宾语this doll和that doll4.连接并列表语He is not a writer but a scientist.他不是作家，而是科学家。not.but.连接并列的表语a writer和a scie

6、ntist5.连接并列定语That not old but very new building is our school.那所不旧反而很新的大楼是我们的学校。not.but.连接并列定语old和very new6.连接并列状语I left the house not because of the dirt but because of the noise.我离开这个房子，不是因为灰尘而是因为噪音。not., but.连接并列的原因状语becasue of the dirt和becasue of the noise7.连接并列补语I saw him not only enter the roo

7、m but also steal the ring.我看见他不仅进入了房间，还偷走了那枚戒指。not only, but also连接并列的补语enter the room和steal the ring，补充说明him，所以是宾语补足语。复合并列连词连接并列的句子：I choose to study French not because it is easy but because it is hard.我选择学习法语，不是因为它容易而是因为它难。not.but.连接并列的原因状语从句because it is easy和becasue it is hard.2.Not only can he

8、 speak English, but he can also speak it very fluently.他不仅会说英语，而且他英语说的很流利。not only.but also连接并列的句子he can speak English(原句用了倒装)和he can speak it very fluently.二、系动词系动词，英文名：linking verb。所以系动词，就是起连接作用的词。英文中有一类句式叫主系表，系动词就是用来连接主语和表语的一类特殊的词。表语：用来表达主语的身份，性质，品质，特征或者状态。比如：He is patient.他很有耐心。（表语是patient，表明主语的

9、特征）He is a teacher.他是一名老师。（表语是a teacher，表明主语的身份）We are here.我们在这里。（表语是here，表明主语的状态）以上三个句子中，给出的是be动词，也是最基本的系动词。我们在判断一个动词是不是系动词的时候，就可以采用替换成be动词的形式去验证。如果原句替换成be动词，意思基本和原句一致，则该动词就是系动词，否则，不是系动词。接下来，我们来看这样几个例子：This cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。句中tastes可以换成is，意思基本不变，所以taste在本句中是系动词。Tom tasted the cake.

10、汤姆尝了这个蛋糕。句中tasted不可以换成was，所以tasted在本句中不是系动词。He feels very excited.他感到很兴奋。句中feels可以换成is，所以feels在本句中是系动词。I can feel it.我能感觉到它。句中feel不可以换成be，所以feel在本句中不是系动词。I will become a scientist in the future.未来，我会成为一名科学家。句中become可以换成be，所以become在本句中是系动词。Please keep quite in the reading room.阅览室里请保持安静。句中keep可以换成be，

11、所以keep在本句中是系动词。You can keep this book for two days.这本书你可以借两天。句中keep不可以换成be，所以keep在本句中不是系动词。The rumor proved false.谣言证实有假。句中proved可以换成was，所以proved在本句中是系动词。The scientist has proved the theory.这位科学家已经证实了这个理论。句中proved不可以换成been，所以proved在本句中不是系动词。He appears a good man.他看起来是一个好人。句中appears可以换成is，所以appears在本

12、句中是系动词。His best friend appeared in time.他最好的朋友及时出现了。句中appeared 不可以换成was，所以appeared在本句中不是系动词。三、介词短语的妙用（一）介词短语的概念介词+名词（类）构成的短语叫介词短语。（二）介词短语的功能介词短语相当于一个大的形容词或者副词，在句子中可以作补语，定语，状语，表语。1.作补语We found him in a bad mood.（宾语补足语）我们发现他心情不好。（in a bad mood 这个介词短语补充说明him）2.作定语The book on the desk is mine.(定语）桌子上的那本

13、书是我的。（on the desk这个介词短语作后置定语修饰名词book)3.作状语Were playing basketball on the playground.（作状语）我们在操场上打篮球。(on the playground这个介词短语作地点状语，描述play basketball发生的地点）4.作表语The book is on the desk.（作表语）那本书在桌子上。（on the desk这个介词短语作表语，作系动词is后面的表语）四、时态详解（一）现在一般时1.表示普遍的事实或真理名言The sun rises in the east and sets in the we

14、st.太阳东升西落。Time flies.时光飞逝。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。2.表示经常性的重复活动，包括动作和状态（常态）I often get up at 6 oclock in the morning.我经常早晨六点起床。I am an English teacher.我是一名英语老师。（二）现在进行时1.表示现在正在做的动作He is playing the piano now.他现在在弹钢琴。2.表示即将发生的动作(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, die, take

15、.)They are coming to dinner.他们要来吃晚餐。I am leaving.我要走了。3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或者发生的事We are learning English this summer holiday.我这个暑假在学英语。（三）现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，如果是延续性动词，表示持续到现在的动作或者状态I have received your letter.我已经收到了你的信。He has been here for 10 years.他在这住了十年了。（四）现在完成进行时表示一直持续到现在，且可能继续持续下去I have been learning

16、 English in school for 7 years.我在学校学英语7年了。It has been raining for 2 hours.雨下了两个小时了。（五）过去一般时过去的动作，习惯，事实I began to learn English five years ago.我五年前开始学英语。I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买了这本书。I lived in this city for 10 years.（延续）我在这个城市住了10年。He took a walk after supper when he was young.（重复）他年轻的时候，晚饭后

17、散步。（六）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者阶段正在做的事情He was doing his homework this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在写作业。We were waiting for you yesterday.我们昨天在等你。（七）过去完成时表示截至过去某一时刻已经完成的动作或情况，不能单独使用，要与使用一般过去时的句子或者表示过去的状语连用They had got everything ready before I came.在我到之前，他们准备好了一切。She had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when the bell ran

18、g.铃响的时候，他已经上床睡觉了。（八）过去完成进行时表示一直持续到过去某时，且可能持续下去的动作He had been reading this novel before I came in.在我进来之前，他一直在读这本小说。（九）将来一般时表示将来发生的动作，状态或倾向What will our life look like in the future?我们的生活未来会是什么样子？He will visit Paris there, and then he will fly to New York.他将会在那里参观巴黎，然后飞往纽约。The phone is ringing.I will

19、get it.（瞬间的决定要去做某事）电话响了，我要去接电话。（十）将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作或持续的状态What will you be doing this time tomorrow?明天的这个时候你会在做什么？（十一）将来完成时表示到将来某时为止所完成或仍然持续的动作或状态By the end of next year, I will have learned English for 10 years.到明年年底，我将学了10年英语了。They will have finished their task by the end of this month.到这个月底

20、，他们将会完成他们的任务。（十二）将来完成进行时表示一直持续到将来某时，且可能一直持续下去的动作By the time you come back tonight, I will have been sleeping for 6 hours.到你今天晚上回来的时候，我将睡了6个小时了。（十三）过去将来一般时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态He said that he would wait for us at the train station.他说他会在火车站等我们。（十四）过去将来进行时:表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作或者计划中的事，常用于宾语从句中He asked m

21、e what I would be doing when he came the next day.他问我明天他来的时候，我会在做什么？She said she would be looking after you at that time.她说那个时候她会在照顾你。（十五）过去将来完成时表示从过去某个时间看将来某时已经完成的动作He said that they would have arrived by 7 oclock.他说他们会在七点前到达。（十六）过去将来完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去将来某个时间，还可能继续持续下去的动作She said that by the end of this year she would have been studying here for two years.她说到年底，她将会在这里学习两年了。6