Unit 4 Exposition (2) - Cause and Effectppt课件英语写作教程第二册第二版.pptx
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1、Unit 4 Exposition(2)-Cause and Effect教学课件英语写作教程第二册第二版Unit 4 Exposition(2)-Cause and Effect单击输入您的封面副标题Contents4.0 Introduction4.1 What is cause and effect?4.2 How to organize a cause and effect essay4.2.1 Audience awareness4.2.2 Point 4.2.3 Support4.2.4 Coherence4.0 IntroductionMany phenomena,events,
2、situations and trends can be better understood by describing their causes and effects.A cause and effect essay usually examines the causes of an event or action,or the effects of an event or action,or a combination of both.The effects of increasing oil prices on the nations economy:higher oil prices
3、 higher gasoline prices the increased cost of shipping goods;higher oil prices higher jet fuel costs the rising cost of travelcause effectBack to Contents4.1 What is cause and effectPreliminaries-answer the following questions:1.What are the causes and effects of the increasing oil prices?2.What are
4、 the causes and effects of aging society?3.What are the causes and effects of obesity?4.What are the causes and effects of insomnia?Back to ContentsSample 1 Causes of Car AccidentsRead Sample 1 Causes of Car Accidents(P.78)and answer the following quesitons:1.Does this essay focus on causes or effec
5、ts?2.What is the thesis statement of the essay?Where does the author put the thesis statement?What is the purpose of putting a thesis statement in this way?3.What are the three major causes of car accidents?Are the three causes stated clearly?4.What transitional expressions does the author use betwe
6、en the three body paragraphs?5.What transitional expressions or sentence connectors does the author use between thesentences in each paragraph?What is the function of using these transitional expressions or sentence connectors?6.In what way does the writer conclude the essay?Back to ContentsTask 1 R
7、ead thefollowing eight topics.Put a check mark()next to thefour that could be good topics for cause and effect essays.()1.The reasons that students are sleepy on Monday mornings()2.Chinese and western styles of education()3.A trip to visit my uncle()4.Three types of parentsBack to Contents()5.Explai
8、ning the virtues of growing older()6.How to bargain in a market place()7.Why a student received a scholarship()8.Why the birth rate is falling in many countriesCan you think of two additional topics that would be excellent for a cause and effect essay?Back to ContentsKeys to Task 11,5,7,8Back to Con
9、tentsTask 2 Provide some possible causes for the fact that students tend to be sleepy in the classroom on Monday mornings.1.2.3.4.5.Back to ContentsTask 3 If a person grows too fat,what might be the effects?Write about them.1.2.3.4.5.Back to ContentsWatch a video about the negative effects of noise:
10、https:/ are the negative effects of noise?(2)What can be done about noise?(3)What are the other kinds of pollution,apart from noise pollution?Back to ContentsRead an article“Tech Breakdown:What causes global warming?”from a newspaper:https:/ causes global warming?(2)What can be done to slow down glo
11、bal warming?Back to Contents4.2 How to organize a cause and effect essayThree ways of organizing a cause and effect essay:(1)Focusing on causes e.g.“causes of air pollution”:exhaust gases from cars;uncontrolled factory gases;burning of low-quality coal.(2)Focusing on effects e.g.“effects of Great De
12、pression”:(1)economic effects such as the decreasing value of money and companies;the social effects such as poverty and homelessness;employment such as fewer jobs and low-paying jobs.(3)Focusing on both the causes and effects e.g.the causes and the effects of the one-child/three-child policy the ca
13、uses and effects of childhood obesityBack to ContentsExpository essay writing from Purdue Writing Lab:Expository Essays/Purdue Writing Labhttps:/owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/expository_essays.htmlBack to ContentsBack to ContentsA basic cause and effect essay stru
14、cture:Introduction:Describe the event or situation your essay will explore.Include your thesis statement,which may focus on what you think is the main cause or effect of the event or situation.Body Paragraphs (Causes):Start with what you feel is the main cause of the event,providing evidence to back
15、 up your argument.Then,follow with describing secondary causes.Body Paragraphs(Effects):Just as with the causes,here youll start with the biggest or most important effect of the situation.Again,provide evidence to back up your argument.Subsequent paragraphs can then discuss other effects worth notin
16、g.Conclusion:Reiterate your thesis statement and summarize the main points of your essay,showing how they support your thesis.Back to Contents4.2.1 Audience awarenessIn order to show your purpose clearly and explain your idea eloquently to your reader,you should:show your purpose to the reader clear
17、ly about whether the focus of the essay is on cause or on effect;decide what causes or effects to include in your essay for your strong points,and in what order you should put them,so that you can Back to Contents4.2.2 PointTo make a clear point,a good thesis statement is indispensable.An effective
18、thesis statement for a cause and effect essay should tell your reader three things:-the issues you plan to consider,;-the position you will take;-whether your emphasis is on causes or effects Sometimes you can use the words“cause(s)”or“effects(s)”,but this is not necessary if either the cause or the
19、 effect is implied in the statement.You can use a number in a thesis statement,such as“three causes”or“two effects”,but this is also optional.Back to ContentsThesis statementsImplied:Young people join the military for many reasons.Stated:Young people join the military for many reasons,such as gettin
20、g away from home and serving their country.Implied:Unemployment can have terrible effects on individuals.Stated:Unemployment can have terrible effects on individuals,including financial and psychological difficulties.Back to ContentsTask 4 Finish the following based on Sample 11.Which sentence is th
21、e thesis statement of the essay“Causes of Car Accidents”?2.In this thesis statement,the word is used to show the focus of the essay,the number is used to show how many will be discussed,and the sub-ideas are specifically stated:,and .Back to ContentsKeys to Task 41.The three main causes of car accid
22、ents are poorly trained drivers,distracted drivers,and impaired drivers.2.causes,three,causes;poorly trained drivers,distracted drivers,impaired driversBack to ContentsTasks 5-7Finish tasks 5-7 on pp.83-84.Group discussion on causes and effects of“double-reduction”policy in task 7.Back to ContentsTa
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