Unit 1 Narrationppt课件英语写作教程第二册第二版.pptx

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1、Unit 1 Narration教学课件英语写作教程第二册第二版Unit 1 Narration单击输入您的封面副标题Contents1.0 Introduction1.1 Two types of narrative essays1.2 Elements of narrative essays1.3 How to organize a narrative essay1.3.1 Purpose and audience awareness1.3.2 Point1.3.3 Support1.3.4 Introduction of a narrative1.3.5 Conclusion of a

2、narrative1.0 IntroductionNarration is a way of story-telling.It deals with what happened in a story,who were involved,and when,where and how the story happened.There are mainly two main points of view:first-person point of view and third-person point of view.If a narrative essay is written in a firs

3、t-person point of view,the narrator may be a participant of that experience and often shares the experience,using the personal pronouns such as“I,”“me,”“my”and“mine.”(see sample essays 1 and 2)If a narrative essay is written in a third-person point of view,the narrator only observes the events and g

4、ives his or her report,using the personal pronouns such as“he”,“his,”“him,”“she,”“her,”etc.(see sample essay 3)There can be a second-person point of view,too,though it is not often used.Back to ContentsSample 1(p.17)Sample 1 is an excerpt from Growing Up by Russell Baker,American newspaper columnist

5、,author,humorist,and political satirist.(https:/ Growing Up(1982),which recalls his childhood,won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for biography.Back to ContentsQuestions for discussion for Sample 11.What is the writers purpose of writing this essay?2.What is the point of view of this narrative essay?3.What

6、is the meaning that the narrator conveyed in the essay?Is it the core point of the essay that impressed the reader?Is there any sentence that directly shows this meaning?4.Did the writer follow the exact time order when narrating the story?5.There might be a series of events in a narrative essay to

7、meet the writers purpose of writing.What events were chosen to be focused on in the story?What is the importance of each of them?Back to ContentsFurther discussionDoes Sample 1 remind you of your experience when you were preparing for your college entrance examination?Back to Contents1.1 Two types o

8、f narrative essaysThere are two major types of narratives:non-fictional narratives and fictional narratives.(1)Non-fictional narratives,also called factual narratives,are narrative essays about factual events that happen to the writer or other people.When the narratives are stories about the writer,

9、they are personal experience essays that deal with the writers own experiences that are meaningful in the writers life.They are generally written in the first-person.When the narratives are stories about other people,the essays deal with the events that have taken place in their lives;the main chara

10、cter can be someone in the writers present or past life,or a public figure.These essays are often written in the third-person.Back to Contents(2)Fictional narratives are written via the writers creation of imaginative characters in interesting settings,either to entertain the reader or to convey his

11、 point of view.The events imagined by the writer could never happen in real life;whereas the writer has to make sure that the stories sound convincing and real to the reader.Short stories,novels,screenplays and dramas belong to this type.Fictional narratives are often written in the third-person,tho

12、ugh sometimes they are also written in the first-person in order to find an echo in the reader and create a special effect.Back to ContentsSample 1 is a personal experience essay.It is about the authors effort in choosing college with the accidental help of his friend and with his mothers unconditio

13、nal love and support.The author used a series of events in the essay and created an echo in us readers by demonstrating a theme in this essay:the Lord helped those who helped themselves.Back to ContentsSample 2(p.21)Sample 2 The Student is exerpted from Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom.Tuesdays w

14、ith Morrie:#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A special 25th anniversary edition of the beloved book that has changed millions of lives with the story of an unforgettable friendship,the timeless wisdom of older generations,and healing lessons on loss and grieffeaturing a new afterword by the author.“A won

15、derful book,a story of the heart told by a writer with soul.”Los Angeles Times“The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love,and to let it come in.”Maybe it was a grandparent,or a teacher,or a colleague.Someone older,patient and wise,who understood you when you were young and sea

16、rching,helped you see the world as a more profound place,gave you sound advice to help you make your way through it.(https:/ to ContentsBoth Sample 1 and Sample 2 are personal experience essays that are written in the first person.The authors of both essays make a meaningful and thought-provoking po

17、int by employing a series of well-chosen and well-organized events that are entertaining or touching.Discuss the following same questions again.Back to ContentsQuestions for discussion for Sample 21.What is the writers purpose of writing this essay?2.What is the point of view of this narrative essay

18、?3.What is the meaning that the narrator conveyed in the essay?Is it the core point of the essay that impressed the reader?Is there any sentence that directly shows this meaning?4.Did the writer follow the exact time order when narrating the story?5.There might be a series of events in a narrative e

19、ssay to meet the writers purpose of writing.What events were chosen to be focused on in the story?What is the importance of each of them?Back to ContentsApart from personal experience stories,there are short stories that refer to the stories happening to people other than the writer,or the stories t

20、hat are written based on the writers imagination,or a combination of both.These stories are often written in the third-person,though sometimes they may be written in the first-person to create a special effect.Please read Sample 3.Back to ContentsSample 3(p.24)Questions for discussion for Sample 3 T

21、he Present1.What is the writers purpose of writing this essay?2.What is the point of view of this narrative essay?3.What is the meaning that the narrator conveyed in the essay?Is it the core point of the essay that impressed the reader?Is there any sentence that directly shows this meaning?4.Did the

22、 writer follow the exact time order when narrating the story?5.There might be a series of events in a narrative essay to meet the writers purpose of writing.What events were chosen to be focused on in the story?What is the importance of each of them?Back to ContentsNow suppose you are the writer and

23、 think about your past life experiences.There must be some experiences that are unforgettable.For example,when you were a small child,one day you suddenly found that you got lost and could not find your little companions who had been happily playing with you for some time.Or once there might have be

24、en some misunderstanding between you and one of your parents or grandparents,but later you managed to bridge the gap.Or there might be other experiences that were embarrassing,exciting,frightening,miserable,etc.For any such experiences,you can choose a meaningful point or theme and write an essay in

25、 a vivid way to impress the reader.Back to Contents Task 1Form groups of three or four and do an oral composition about one of your own unforgettable life experiences,using first-person point of view.Make your story well-organized and interesting.Think about the following things before you begin you

26、r oral composition.Back to Contents(1)Your personal experience(your topic);(2)The purpose of the choice of your topic;(3)Point of view;(4)The purposeful introduction to hook your reader;(5)Several events you may use in your story;(6)The arrangement of the several events in certain order;(7)When to u

27、se detailed and vivid description to impress your reader;(8)Where to put your personal inflection on the meaning of your experience;(9)The purposeful ending of your story.Back to Contents1.2 Elements of Narrative Essays(1)CharacterA character is a person,or sometimes even an animal,who takes part in

28、 the action of a short story or other literary work.In a first-person narrative,the narrator“I”is often the main character,but sometimes“I”is just an observer of the story in which there is another person whom the narrator and author focuses on.(see sample essays 1 and 2)In a third-person narrative,

29、there is no“I”at all;instead,the main character is the one that the narrator of the story focuses on.The story revolves around the actions of the main character and resolves the problems that the main character faces.(see sample essay 3)Sometimes the main character is challenged by another character

30、 in the story,the former being called the protagonist and the latter the antagonist.A character helps form conflicts in the plot.Back to Contents(2)SettingSetting is the time and place in which a story happens.Authors often use descriptions of locations,cities,countries,age,time of day,seasons,or we

31、ather to present a strong sense of setting.A setting answers when and where the story happened.In a narrative,the development of the story is often marked by the expressions of time and place that show the turn of events.More examples in other textbooks?Back to Contents(3)PlotPlot is a series of eve

32、nts of the story.It shows a causal arrangement of events and actions within a story.For example,if there are four major events A,B,C,and D in a sequence in a story,A is often the cause of B,which causes C,whose effect is D.A plot can be told in chronological order,or with flashbacks,or in the way of

33、 starting the story from the middle.The events that the author chooses to write about should be most relevant to serve the need of the authors writing purpose and the essays point.The plot answers the question of what happened in the story.More examples in other textbooks?Back to Contents(4)Conflict

34、A conflict is a struggle between two people or things in a story.It is the driving force of a story,as it influences the turn of events in the plot.The conflict is displayed in three ways:(1)the main character in conflict with another character;(2)the main character in conflict with society;(3)the m

35、ain character in conflict with himself or herself as to the feelings,emotions,illness,or the forces of nature,etc.In personal experience essays,the conflict is often displayed in the third way.The conflict sets the stage for the rest of the plot,and lets the reader know why they should care about th

36、e characters in your story.It deals with what and how a problem was solved in the story.More examples in other textbooks?Back to Contents(5)ClimaxWhen you develop the problem that involves the character(s),you need to make your reader involved emotionally in the story and eager to find out what will

37、 happen next.Ultimately this emotional build-up leads the reader to the emotional high point,when events are at their most intense.This is the climax of your story.The climax is the event that changes or impacts the main character.Generally,a climax is followed by the ending of your story,which can

38、be positive and uplifting,or sad and disappointing.More examples in other textbooks?Back to ContentsSample 4(p.27)Sample 4 The Most Important Day in My Life is an excerpt from The Story of My Life by Helen Keller.Read the essay and discuss its character,setting,plot,conflict,and climax.Finish Task 2

39、 and Task 3.Write a narrative essay based on the oral compositon in Task 1.Back to ContentsSuggested further readings(1)Narrative Essays/Purdue Writing Lab https:/owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/narrative_essays.html(2)Steps for Writing a Personal Experience Essay h

40、ttps:/ to Contents(3)Growing Up by Russell Baker(4)Tuesdays with Morrie:an Old Man,a Young Man,and Lifes Greatest Lesson by Mitch Albom(6)The Story of My Life by Helen Keller(5)The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls(7)The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest HemingwayBack to Contents1.3 How to organize a nar

41、rative essayNarrative Essays/Purdue Writing Lab https:/owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/narrative_essays.htmlBack to Contents1.3.1 Purpose and audience awarenessWhen storytelling is used in private diaries,the audience is the writer himself or herself;in this case,th

42、e writer may not consider seriously the way of narrative writing.But when a story is written to let people read and share,the writer should consider his or her reader seriously,because this narrative writing is a kind of communication between the writer and the reader in this sense.This is what we c

43、all audience awareness or reader awareness.During the process of writing a narrative essay,writers will learn ways to inform and entertain others.Narratives provide human interest and spark peoples curiosity.Back to ContentsYou write to create sympathy and find an echo from some people who may be to

44、uched by it,including your teachers and other people such as your classmates and other potential readers.You write to entertain and to educate the audience.Sometimes you may need to rely on an internalized,imaginary audience.You may need to make educated guesses about the needs,education,and likely

45、reactions of the people who are likely to read your work.Back to ContentsQuestions to be considered when writing a narrative essayWho is the audience of your narrative essay?What does the audience need from your narrative essay?How might you organize your narrative essay in a way that will be best f

46、or your audience?What kind of language do you need to use?How should you begin your story?Do you have to use flashbacks?In what way should you end your story in the essay?What do you have to say or what do the characters do in your story that might surprise or impress your audience?When do you need

47、to use detailed description?How can you make your story vivid?What do you want your audience to think about or learn from your story?What impression do you want your writing to convey?Back to ContentsTask 4 Answer the following questions based on Sample 2 and Sample 4.1.Which of the following is the

48、 authors purpose for writing Sample 2?Choose the best answer from the following.A.To prepare the reader from the authors previous experience to his later-on journey with Mr.Morrie.B.To inform the reader in a serious tone.C.To talk about his life after graduation.D.To highlight his first encounter wi

49、th death.2.What is the authors purpose for writing Sample 4“The Most Important Day in My Life”?Back to ContentsKeys to Task 41.A2.The authors writing purpose is to tell the reader how important that day is when her teacher Miss Sullivan came to her and used a unique way to teach her new words and to

50、 help her to understand the world.Back to Contents1.3.2 PointA point in a narrative essay is a theme or a thesis.It is the meaning or significance the writer wants the reader to take away from the story.It is the message that the story delivered to the reader with the goal of teaching him or her som