备战2023年高考英语考点全国通用微专题14 与众不同的特殊句式和情景交际.pdf

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1、考向1 4特殊句式与情景交麻I命题趋势在高中阶段，特殊句式比较杂乱掌握起来有一定的难度。对特殊句式的考查主要包括倒装句、强调句型，其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目0情景交际就是指在一些特定环境种的会用到的一些固定句式或简略性回答。考点归纳根据高考对特殊句型的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该：1.掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。2.熟知强调句的基本结构及其疑问句句式、特殊疑问句式，注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。3.掌握省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。4.掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。5.掌握

2、反意疑问句的构成和用法。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 考点一 倒装（全部、部分）真题典例 J-1 （2019天津卷）The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobile phones in hisclass.A.should they B.they shouldC.dare they D.they dare【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should d o,敢于做dared o,根据句意表示”

3、应该“，故选 Ao2.（2017江苏）not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，b e 动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，BP Were/Should/Had I.,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。3.(2016江苏)Not until recentl

4、y the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouraged B.had they encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged【参考答案】C【试题解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语recently 可知本句应用般过去时。Not until+状语位于句首，句子采用部分倒装的语序，因此本题选择Co【考点归纳】全部倒装1.There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作

5、谓语。例如：(1)There are many students in the classroom.(2)Long long ago,there lived a king who loved horses very much.2.用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语 的句型中，或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3.由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:(1)Then came a new difficulty.(2)Th

6、en followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.5.表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：(1)Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith

7、and many other guests.6.表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语，表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：(1)Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.部分倒装1.only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意：在only

8、+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.only 修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.2.否定词（短语）开头的句子：表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither：表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little；含有no和 not的词组by no means（绝不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不）

9、，not until,notonly.but also.，no sooner.than（1）Never shall I believe you again.（2）Little did he know who the woman was.（3）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.3.以so开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+

10、主语，译作“也不是，也没有”。例如：The boy left home,and so did his sister a week later.I dont think I can walk any further.一Neither can I.Lefs stop for a rest.注意：当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正常语序。例如：Tom works hard.一 So he does and so do you.4.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,h a d,可以把i f 省略，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装

11、。例如：If there should be a flood,what would we do?Should there be a flood,what would we do?5.频度副词及短语 often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day 等放在句首时，有时也倒装。例如：Many a time has he come to comfort me.6.某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。例如：May you succeed!考点二 强调句型【真题典例】1.（2018 天津卷单项填空）It was only when the car p

12、ulled up in front of our house we saw Lilyin the passenger seat.A.which B.that C.when D.where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。2.（2017 天津卷）It was when I go

13、t back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.A.who B.where C.which D.that【答案】D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It w as开头，后面连词首选th a t,构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It w as和 th a t,句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3.2016天津13.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.A.wh

14、o B.which C.where D.that【答案】D【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：Itis/was+强调部分+thal+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用w h o,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选Do4.2016-上海】（B）But like so many other things,it is only too much stress（34）does you harm.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为Itis/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉itis/w

15、asthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress【考点归纳】1.强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分？2.强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用 who或 that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用whe

16、n,where,why或 how而用that。It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。（强调宾语）It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.正是在北京我们参观了长城。（强调地点状语）It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。（强调主语）3.在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。在强调句型中，若

17、强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.4.对 not.until结构的强调not.until结构的强调句型为H It is/was not until.that.M在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。It was not until ten oclock that

18、he went to bed.直至lj 10 点他才口垂觉。I didnt realize it until I got off the bus.-*It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.5.如何识别强调句型强调句型中的il is/was和由a t无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和 that后,句意不完整。It is for three hours that they have worked.他们已经工作三个小时了。(强调句型)It is a wonder that

19、he is still alive.他还活着真是个奇迹。(it作形式主语)【易错警示】使用强调句型的几个注意事项(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.

20、昨天帮我的人是他。It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用 It was.that/who.,其余的时态用 It is.that/who.oIt is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。（2018全国卷 II,70）China,s approach to protecting its environment while （feed）itscitizens uoffers useful lessons for

21、agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,says the banksJuergen V oegele.答 案：f e e d in g 此 处 是 省 略 句。状 语 从 句 主 语 为 i t,谓 语 动 词 含 有 b e 动 词 时，可以省略i t 和 be。由“连 词+d o in g”构 成，表 示 主 动 的 动 作。相 当 于 while it is feeding its citizens。（2016；折江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-re

22、lated deaths since theirhighest in 2005.A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使 用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done,而且省略i f,将 had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。【考点归纳】1.如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主

23、语和be动词，只保留分词和其他成分。例如：Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(Lost in thought 为 As he was lost in thought 的省略)2.如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话，从句的句尾可省略。例如：(1)Li Lei will play football if Mike will(play football).(2)Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice wont(sweep the floor).3.在回答问句及其

24、他形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号t。，而把动词和其他部分省略。例如：一 ril be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?Not at all.Td be happy to.(Id be happy to 后省略了 look after your cat)4.在英语中，有一些特殊的省略结构，如：VVhat/How about.?Why not do.?等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如：I usually go there by train.Why not try going b

25、y boat for a change?【真题典例】1.(2018 北京卷单项填空)In any unsafe situation,simply the button and a highly-trained agent willget you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅据一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非

26、谓语动词，无法构成句子。故 A 选项正确。2.【2015湖南31.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A.to keep B.to have keptC.keep D.have kept【答案】C【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而 that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【考点归纳】反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。形式：句子+简短的疑问1.反意疑问句的一般

27、情况：(1)当陈述部分的主语是 everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody 等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用th e y,强调个体也可用he。例如：Everyone knows what money means,doesn9t he/dont they?(2)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或 these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和 they。例如：These are your friends Tom and Jack,arent they?(3)当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,no

28、lhing等时，附加问句中的主语用it。例如：Everything seems all right now,doesnt it?(4)陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如：never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little 等,附加问句一般用肯定式。例如：She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?2.常见句型的反意疑问句：(1)当陈述部分是there be句型时，其后的附加问句也用there。There will be a special exh

29、ibition on tomorrow,wont there?(2)祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用will youoDont forget the meeting,will you?祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。Give me some cigarettes,will you/wont you?3.复合句的反意疑问句当陈述部分是Im sure,Im afraid,I dont think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe 等)+宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部分的否定转移

30、现象。4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句：(1)陈述部分中有have/had t o,附加疑问句部分通常用d o 的相应形式代替。例如：You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus,dont you?(2)陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must；陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。(3)陈述部分是I w ish,表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。例如：I wish to see you again,may I?祈使句情景交际

31、祈使句的主语是y o u,但一般被省略；当前而有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Donk在“祈使句，+and/or/andthen+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+and/or/and then+句子”。感叹句句型：what+a（n）+adj+n.+主语+be!；How+adj/adv.+主语+动词！【真题典例】1 （2021 天津卷 6 月）一I was trying to place an order on your website,but I failed.1 can take your order ov

32、er the phone.A.Thats fine B.No wayC.My pleasure D.Of course【答案】A【解析】考查情景交际。句意：我想在你们的网站上下订单，但是我失败了。我可以通过电话帮您点餐。A.Thats fine 没关系；B.Noway 不行，没门；C.My pleasure 不客气；D.Of course 当然。根据“leantake your order over the phone”可知，此处表示没有关系。故选A。2（2021 天津卷 6 月）I told you!I really am ranked the lowest.Number 25 out of

33、 25 players.Youve got nowhere to go but up.A.Tell me a bit more.B.Fm not so sure about that.C.Look on the bright side!D.That is absolute nonsense!【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。句意：我告诉过你！我真的是排名最低的。2 5 名球员中的第2 5 名。抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。A.Tell me a bit more再多告诉我一些；B.Fm not so sure about that对此我不确定；C.Look on the bright side!

34、抱乐观态度；D.That is absolute nonsense!这完全是胡说八道。根据Youve gotnowhere to go but up.”可知，此处是指抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。故选C 项。3（2021天津卷第一次考试）一Hows the project going?-.All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.A.Easy come easy go B.Far from itC.By all means D.So far so good【答案】D【解析】考查情景交际。句意：这个项目进展的如何？到目前为止，一直都还不错。

35、我们要做的就是完成最后一项工作。A.Easy come easy g o 来得容易去得也快；B.Far from i t 远非如此；C.By all means尽一切办法，务必；D.Sofarso good到目前为止，一直都还不错。根据下半句可知，目前进展还不错。故选 D。4（2021天津卷第一次考试）一Are you done with the book I gave you?.Im still reading the last chapter.A.Hard to say B.Not quiteC.Of course D.It all depends【答案】B【解析】考查情景交际。句意：我给

36、你的那本书你看完了吗？还没完全看完。我还在看最后一章。A.Hard to say很难说;B.Not quite不完全，未必；C.Of course当然；D.It all depends要看情况而定。根据后文“Im still reading the last chapter.“可知书还没完全看完，not quite符合语境。故选B。5（2020江苏;卷）Building such a bridge over the bay was but the local government made it within twoyears.A.a wet blanket B.a piece of cake

37、C.a dark horse D.a hard nut to crack【答案】D【解析】考查习惯用语辨析。句意:在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情，但当地政府在两年内完成了。A.a wet blanket 一件扫兴的事情；B.a piece of cake小菜一碟；C.a dark horse出人意外的获胜者;D.ahard nut to crack 很难解决的问题。根据空前 such a bridge over the bay 及空后 but the local government made itwithin two years可知，在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情。故选D。6

38、（2020江苏卷）Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?-He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.A.How come?B.So what?C.By all means.D.With pleasure.【答案】C【解析】考查日常交际用语。句意:你知道关于张仲景的事情吗？-当然。自东汉以来，他被尊为医学大师。A.How come?怎么会？B.So what?那又怎样？C.By all means.当然；D.With pleasure.很愿效劳。根据空后

39、He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.可知，后者对张仲景非常了 解。所以他“当然”知道关于张仲景的事情。C 选项符合语境。故选C。7（2020天津卷）一Tim has difficulty in making decisions.Hes still hesitating about whether to take the job.A.Thats it B.Give it a tryC.Its settled D.D.Youre kidding me【答案】A解析】考查情景交际。句意：一Tim做决

40、定有困难。一就是。他还在犹豫是否接受那份工作。A.Thats it就是；B.Give it a try试一试:C.Ils settled那就决定了;D.Youre kidding m e你在跟我开玩笑吧。此处是对上句情况的肯定，故选A。8（2020天津卷）一Next time you visit Bob,remember to give him a call in advance.1 will.A.My pleasure B.No wonderC.Good point D.Never mind【答案】c【解析】考查情景交际。句意一下次你去拜访Bob的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。-好主意。我会的

41、。A.My pleasure 我很荣幸，别客气；B.No wonder 难怪；C.Good point 好主意；D.Never mind 没有关系。根据“I win”可知，第二个人对第一个人的提议非常赞同。故 c 选项符合语境。故选c。9（2020天津卷）一Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?-.Til drive her there.A.Have a try B.Dont mention itC.Dont bother D.Go ahead【答案】C【解析】考查情景交际。句意一今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好

42、吗？-不 用 麻 烦 我 开 车 送 她 去。A.Haveatry 试 试 吧；B.Dont mention it 别客气，不用谢；C.Dont bother 不用麻烦了；D.Goahead 走吧，干吧。根据w ill drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人“不用麻烦叫出租车故选Co10（2019江苏卷）一Lets take a coffee break.一 Weve been working for hours.A.Why bother?B.What for?C.You got me there.D.You said it.【答案】D【解析】考查情景对

43、话。一句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。一你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了“，上文应该是赞同这个建议。why bother没有必要；what for为什么；You got me there你把我搞糊涂了；You said it你算说对了，故选D。11（2019 天津卷）I guess you want to go play tennis.Thats exactly what I was thinking too.A.I didnt get it B.Its up to youC.You never know D.You read my mind【答案】D【解析

44、】考查情景交际。句意：我猜你想去打网球。你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而 A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和 C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。you read my mind”意为你知我心，符合语境，故选D。12（2019天津卷-My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!Wow,!Whats he going to study?A.good fbr him B.go for itC.what a coincidence D.all the best【答案】A

45、【解析】本题考查情景对话。句意：我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学金。噢，对他有好处！他打算学习什么呢？good for him”对他有好处”；go fbr it”努力争取；what a coincidence多么巧合；allthe best“祝一切顺利（祝酒告别时说）“。故选A。【考点归纳】1.对于“sorry”的回答：Never mind./Not at all./Forget it./It doesnt matter./No problem./That OK./Thats all right.2.表示抱歉：Pardon me.请原谅我3.对于“Thank you”的回答：Youre wel

46、come./Don,t mention it./Forget it.Its nothing./Ifs my pleasure./Thats OK./Thats all right.4.力 口 油：Cheer up./Good luck./Come on.5.表示否定态度的表达：Comeon!拜托，不是吧W e ll,.嗯 （犹豫中）Thanks.6.疑问句的几种表达So what?那又怎么样？How com e?怎么会这样？What fo r?为什么啊？Why bother?何必麻烦啊！Why not?为什么不啊！What if?如果.怎么办？Whafs u p?怎么了？Pardon?请再重复

47、一遍。Could I take your order?我能为您点餐吗？7.-Sorry,I didnt offer much help.-Thank you all the same./Thanks anyway.（当第一说话者没有真正犯错，而是客气地说句sorry时，不能回答力”里说列的回答）8.表示赞同Thats right.（那是对的）/1 cant agree with you more=rm with you on that.=I wouldnt say no./Allright=OK./By all means./You guess it.（你说对 了 ！）9.表示否定By no

48、means.（绝不）/Out of the question.（不可能）/Not likely.（不可能）/10.其他Go ahead.请继续、去吧Hold o n.别挂断，等一下My treat.我请客At your service.我听您吩咐。With pleasure.愿意为您效劳。Take it easy./Take your time.（尤指时间）放轻松，别着急。Look o u t.小心 AH depends!/That depends.看情况。Got i t!明白了。Its up to you.听你的Not really.完全不知道。Not exactly.我略知一二，不是很了解

49、。Sounds great!听起来真棒！No kidding!别开玩笑No wonder.难怪 It doesnt hurt to a sk.问问也无妨。It counts for nothing.这不算什么。Make sense.有意义，说得通。I hate to say this.我不愿意说，但又不得不说。Its not my cup of tea.A piece of cake.小菜一碟。Tomonow is another day.明天是崭新的一天。Youve got me there.你可把我难住了。You b e t.当然Drop it!别说了，别提了 Believe it or

50、not.无论你相信与否Be my guest.=Help yourself.请自便经典变式练（基础练、提升练、真题练）I 基 础 练 单项选择1.We were aware t ha t,the situation will get worse.A.if not dealing with carefully B.if dealt not carefully withC.if not carefully dealt with D.if not carefully dealing with2.Only when her the evidence that she had stolen the mo