2023年广东省佛山市高三一模英语试题含答案解析.pdf

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1、2022 2023学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（一）英语2022.12本试卷共8 页 满 分 120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。第二部分阅读（共两节，满 分 50分）第一节（共 15小题：每小题2.5 分，满 分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳

2、选项。ATotal Solar Eclipse 2023 AustraliaOne of natures most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse（El 蚀）will take place on the western edge ofA ustralia on A pril 20th,2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event:on a cruise（航游）atsea.There have been only five total solar eclips

3、es in A ustralia over the past century and this is the first hybrideclipse in more than 1000 years.Unlike other cruises for this event,ours has the well-known astronomer A bigailBeall to accompany you.You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying lectures andstargazing on lan

4、d and at sea.A bigail will be on hand throughout,giving lectures on the history and science ofeclipses,the black hole at the centre of the galaxy-along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing.Plus,there will be additional talks from the A stronomical Society of A ustralia.Click here

5、for detailed arrangementsof the tour.A longside the cruise,you can also explore some of A ustralias best scientific and natural phenomena with aseries of tailored add-on tours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru,Sydney,the Great BarrierReef and much more.On the last day of the t

6、our,we can send you back to the airport for your return journey home,or you can join one of our add-on tours.Click here for full details about add-on tours.Single occupancyPer guest based on two people sharingInterior cabin2,4291,699Oceanview cabin3,2292,199If you wish to add a third adult or child

7、to your room,please ask for a quote.第1页/共9页1.What makes the cruise different from others?A.A specialists guidance.B.A talk with astronomers.C.A chance for stargazingD.A meeting with astronauts.2.How much should a couple pay for a tour in a Oceanview cabin?A.3,229.B.2,199.C.,6,458 D.4,398.3.What is t

8、he purpose of the text?A.To celebrate a historic event.B.To advertise a special cruise.C To introduce a travel agency.D.To explain a natural phenomenon.BDevezas mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant（肾移植）.Deveza wanted to donate one of herown kidneys一but she was turned down because s

9、he might develop the same health problems as her mother in laterlife.Deveza came up with a different plan.In 2017,she started the worlds first paired exchange of different organsbetween living donors,exchanging half her liver（flT）for someone elses kidney.A case study of the organ exchangehas now bee

10、n published,and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this.You canimagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,says John Roberts,a surgeon at University ofCalifornia,San Francisco.Most organ transplants come from people who have died,but there are never en

11、ough organs.A s most peoplecan manage with just one of their kidneys,people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organsfrom relatives or friends.If someone wants to donate but their immune（免疫的）system is unsuited,doctors may beable to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give

12、a kidney to the others relative.When Deveza was looking into such chains,she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidneywith the only other organ generally taken from a living donorthe liver.She suggested the idea to many hospitalsbefore she finally contacted Roberts,who saw the ide

13、as potential.Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver.It then took 18 months to findA nnie Simmons,in Idaho,whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease.They drew up a plan:Simmons would donate a kidney to Devezas mothe

14、r,and in return,Deveza would give halfher liver to Simmons sister.The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same daysuccessfully.The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same.Robertssays that direct exchanges involving

15、two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants ayeara ten percent increase.4.What did Deveza do to save her mother?第2页/共9页A.Carrying out a case study.B.Calling for kidney donations.C.Launching a medical experiment.D.Trading half her liver for a kidney.5.What does Paragraph

16、 3 mainly talk about?A.Patients desperation to survive.B.Several sources of organ donation.C.Current situation of organ transplants.D.Doctors9 efforts to improve organ transplants.6.What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons?A.It discouraged organ donation.B.It brought

17、two families together.C.It met with widespread approval.D.It produced a desirable outcome.7.What is the best title for the text?A.My Liver,Your KidneyB.Mothers Love,Our HappinessC.Organ Transplant:Blessing fbr PatientsD Organ Exchange:Major Medical A dvancesCIts no secret now that the more time we s

18、pend on social media,the more we feel dissatisfied with ourselves.We tend to compare ourselves to influences and celebrities-so its easy to understand how that can affect ourconfidence.But,how often have you found yourself comparing your life to your friends?Engaging with social mediashared by our f

19、riends can be more damaging than looking at content shared by celebrities,new research has found.The study looking at how social media affects body image found that any social media engagement wassignificantly associated with lower u appearance satisfaction.A dditionally,it found that engaging with

20、contentposted by people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as looking at content posted by strangers,including celebrities.Viren Swami,Professor of Social Psychology at A nglia Ruskin University,believes this is partly because weknow its hard to attain the lives of celebrities or

21、influences,but when were comparing ourselves to our friends,itfeels like we should-or could-live the way they do.“One possible explanation is that people may perceive a post showing appearance as being much moreattainable if it comes from someone they know,adding expectation or pressure on the perso

22、n engaging in the post,he said.At the same time,people may be more critically engaged with posts by the likes of models andcelebrities,and therefore perceive the images they share to be more unrealistic.This is not just confined to body image though.We all have one area in our lives that triggers（触

23、发）us.第3页/共9页Maybe youve been searching for a new job for months and you find yourself on social media,envying your schoolfriend who just landed their dream role.Maybe.A ll this is to say the obvious:we only see part of peoples lives-and if ifs getting you down,you9 re probablycomparing your insides

24、to other peoples outsides.Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect foranyone.So,put down your phone,get offline,be thankful and try to live your own life.8.What did the new study find?A.Social media invites unfavorable comments.B.Friends posts affect us more than celebritiesC.Cele

25、brities have a negative influence on our life.D.Body image causes more concern than social life.9 Why are we more likely to compare with our friends according to Swami?A.They serve as role models.B.We know the way they live.,C.Their lifestyles are accessible.D.We are curious about their life.10.What

26、 does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A.Restricted.B.Related.C.Devoted.D.Exposed.11.What does the author suggest people do?A.Find your dream and fight for it.B.Stop comparing and be yourself.C.Be grateful and lead a perfect life.D.Stop complaining and get down to work.DGiven that th

27、e dictionary definition of curiosity is“the desire to know something，it may be of little surprisethat much research has concerned its benefits for education.Consider a study at the University of California at Davis in 2014.The researchers first asked each participantto rate their curiosity about lea

28、rning the answers to a series of questions,such as“What does the tenn dinosaur5actually mean?”The participants then lay in an fMRI brain scanner（扫 描 仪）while the same questions werepresented,followed shortly after by the answers.The participants were then tested on their recollection of the factsan h

29、our later.The effects of curiosity on later recall were striking.When the participants were highly curious about a fact,they were 30%more likely to recall it.A nd this seemed to correspond to heightened activity in areas of themidbrain that release dopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamine is normally associated with

30、reward,but animal studies suggestthat it can also enhance the formation of new neural（神经的）connections.It looked as if the feeling of curiosity第 4页/共9页was helping prepare the brain to absorb the new and important information,and this then resulted in a more stablememory.Interestingly,the researchers

31、found that the dopamine hit,arising from initial curiosity,could even enhance thememory of incidental information that had no direct relevance to the primary question.To demonstrate this,theyhad presented random faces alongside the answers to the questions and,an hour later,checked whether thepartic

32、ipants still recognized the faces.The analyses showed that the participants were far more likely to rememberthe face if it had accompanied a question that had awakened their curiosity.This additional,and unexpected,memory boost could be extremely useful whenever were trying to learnsomething new and

33、 complicated.Were unlikely,after all,to find every single element of our studies interesting.But if we can develop some curiosity about at least some of the facts,we may find that the rest of the material alsosticks far more easily.12.Which aspect of curiosity did the study focus on?A.Its scientific

34、 definition.B.Its unique characteristics.C.Its influences on memory.D.Its benefits for brain health.13.What was the purpose of presenting questions to the participants first?A.To assess their learning ability.B To awaken their passion for learning.C.To measure their curiosity about the questions.D.T

35、o refresh their memory of extinct wild animals.14.What can be learned about dopamine according to Paragraph 3?A.It blocks memory.B.It facilitates learning.C.It promotes friendship.D.It cures neural disorder.15 Which message about learning does the unexpected finding deliver?A.Generate interest in st

36、udy.B.Locus on essential information.C.Make learning materials related.D.A ttach importance to memorization.第二节（共 5 小题：每 小 题 2.5 分，满 分 12.5 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Camping Tips&Tricks for a Fun TripMany people idealize camping trips as being this easy,effortless encounter with de

37、stinations rich with naturallandscapes and nights under the stars twinkling in the sky above.16 Thats why weve prepared the bestcamping tips for you!第5页/共9页Plan accordingly,and then plan again.When youre out in the middle of nowhere,you have to be equippedto natures challenges.17 Therefore,a plan fo

38、r unexpected weather changes is essential to a successfulcamping trip.For example,consider packing extra suppliers like blankets.While that might seem like a hugeinconvenience,the biggest and real issue occurs when you need something you dont have.Know what you need.18 Not all beginner campers will

39、need the top-oi-the-line,latest supplies.Butyou should have at least the basics!That includes a decent tent with enough room for people camping with you,agood sleeping bag appropriate for the season,and other supplies like food and water.Youd better create aconvenient checklist that lays out everyth

40、ing that you should consider.19 When youre far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center,police stations,and emergency rooms,you should always remember that safety is your first priority!20 Afirst aid kit is a great starting point,but its certainly not the end of maxim

41、izing your safety efforts.Depending onwhere you plan to camp,youll want to grab these items that cover you in most emergency situations:a pocketknife,a fire starter,and a safety whistle.Ready to go camping?Now you know what to expect and how to prepare for your next camping trip,so youactually have

42、fun-rain or shine!A.A lways choose a safe campsite.B.Never leave home without safety in mind.C.We encourage you to create a safety supply kit.D.Camping doesnt have to be complicated or expensive.E.A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain.F.To maximize your comfort,always brin

43、g appropriate clothes for cold and rain.G.But for beginner campers,those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满 分 30分）第一节（共 15小题;每小题1分，满 分 15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Growing up,my parents never forced me and my brother out of our house in Hounslow,but v

44、ve werent21 to live there forever.My family always had a special 22 for me.Our parents encouraged us to spend time together:mealswere eaten as a family and TV viewing was 23 When I went to university at 18,1 knew my messystudent apartments were 24-my real home was back in Hounslow and I was 25 that

45、I couldreturn whenever I wanted to.When I was 19,my mum passed away.In the following months,I would come back 26 checking inon my dad and 27 him to go shopping and start cooking proper meals.Three years later,I was28 and I moved back.A s I looked fbr work,I would 29 the meals were eaten together.30.

46、two sad men living in a house are less of a family.My dad wanted me to get on and live mylife rather than stay trapped in our sorrow.Eventually,in 2018,1 got a 31.It was time for me to gain32.and I packed up and left.Next year will be 10 years since my mum died.Our family home is 33.My mums pictures

47、 have第6页/共9页been replaced with new photographs;her clothes and scent are gone.But,I am=34 that things havebecome different.Tveinstilled(灌输)in us.realized that the home my mum created isntjust a(n)35 it is something she21.A.encouragedB.remindedC.allowedD.persuaded22.A.planB.pullC.requestD.pressure23.

48、A.guaranteedB.sharedC.favoredD.scheduled24.A.inconvenientB.disturbingC.ordinaryD.temporary25.A.concernedB.convincedC.gratefulD.hopeful26.A.secretlyB.hesitantlyC.regularlyD.randomly27.A.urgingB.instructingC.invitingD.forcing28.A.out of touchB.out of workC.in debtD.in pain29.A.pretendB.findC.believeD.

49、ensure30.A.UnusuallyB.UnbelievablyC.UnfortunatelyD.Unexpectedly31.A.giftB.jobC.hobbyD.vacation32.A.experienceB.comfortC.confidenceD.independence33.A.disappearingB.strugglingC.enlargingD.changing34.A.shockedB.confusedC.gladD.nervous35.A.placeB.mealC.dreamD.image第二节（共 10小题;每小题1.5分，满 分 15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填

50、入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In Chongqing,a mountainous city in Southwest China famous for hotpot often served with beers or strong tea,the particular flavor of coffee is gaining 36(popular)In Daijiaxiang,an old community in the city,a newly-opened coffee street has turned everyones heads for37(it)unique de