阅读理解之说明文-冲刺2022年中考英语名校好题集锦（广东）（原卷版）.pdf

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1、2022届名校最新素材各地模拟试题好题集锦（广东专用）04阅读理解之说明文（2022广东深圳市高级中学二模）Three Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship returned to the Earth aftercompleting their six-month mission.One of their major goals was to prepare the station for future groups oftaikonauts（中国航天员）who will complete theassemblyof

2、the space station.Thanks to a new quick return procedure carried out for the first time,Shenzhou-1 3 return trip lastedabout nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip for Shenzhou-12,with the return capsule only circling theEarth five times before entering its final return orbit instead of 11 times as

3、 in past missions.The Shenzhou-13 crew was responsible for taking out some of the science instruments to be used fbrexperiments on the station.They also performed two spacewalks,conducted more than 20 different scienceexperiments in addition to delivering two live educational lectures.Taikonaut Wang

4、 Yaping,who gave the first public class from the Tiangong-1 space station,gave twosuch classes on this trip to Tiangong-2,which were viewed by millions of school children in China.In addition,the taikonauts were sent questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S.states by American schoolchildren.The pre-recor

5、ded questions and responses were shared with students,parents and teachers at a“My Questions to Taikonauts“event on April 9 sponsored by the Chinese Embassy in Washington,D.C.This was the first six-month mission,which will give those on the ground the opportunity to study theeffects of the longer du

6、ration mission on the taikonauts,especially on the ageing process.The six-monthstay will be common for astronauts in the future.Visiting the Wenchang Space Launch Center on April 15,Chinese President Xi Jinping said that thefacility serves Chinas new-generation,heavy-lift carrier（运载）rockets and play

7、s a significant role in thecountrys deep-space exploration.The Chinese President called for efforts to achieve world-leadingstandards fbr Chinas spacecraft launch facilities.1.What does the underlined word“assembly”probably mean?A.Building.B.Discovery.C.Invention.D.Imagination.2.What is the improvem

8、ent of Shenzhou-13s return trip before entering its final return orbit?A.It lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven timesB.It lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven times.C.It lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling

9、the Earth five times.D.It lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth five times.3.Shenzhou-13 astronauts did the following exc e pt.A.delivered two live educational lecturesB.studied the effects of ageing processC.answered questions from American childrenD.conducted many differ

10、ent science experiments4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Taiyuan Space Launch Center.B.Chinas spacecraft launch facilities have become world-leading standard.C.The six-month stay will be common for astronauts in the future.D.The facility is import

11、ant fbr the countrys deep-space exploration.5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.The Online Lectures in Shenzhou-13 B.The Return of Shenzhou-13 to the EarthC.The Lives of Shenzhou-13 Astronauts in Space D.The World-leading Spacecraft:Shenzhou-13（2022 广东深圳市高级中学二模）A sea turtle

12、 swims through the water and spots a white object floating near the sur彷 ce.Yum!”itthinks.A jellyfish!”Chasing after its dinner,the turtle swallows the item.But the floating object isnt ajellyfish-ifs a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick.This sea creature isnt alone:Over 700species of m

13、arine animals have been reported to have eaten or been trapped in plastic.Scientists think thatthe amount of plastic in the ocean might triple（三倍）by 2050.But by understanding the issue and takingaction,you can help stop that from happening.WHATS THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC?First,lefs get real:Not all p

14、lastic is bad.Bike helmets,car airbags,and many medical supplies madewith plastic save lives.Plastic water bottles can bring clean drinking water to people who dont have it,andplastic straws can help people with disabilities drink.The problem is that most of us use and then throwaway more plastic th

15、an we need:things like grocery bags,drink bottles,straws,food wrappers,and plasticpackaging around toys.This kind of plastic thats used only once before being thrown away is calledsingle-use plastic,and it makes up more than 40 percent of all plastic trash.WHERE DOES THE PLASTIC GO?There is a lot of

16、 trash.Scientists think that 8.8 million tons of plastic winds up in the ocean every year.How does it get into the sea?Plastic left on the ground as litter often blows into creeks and rivers,eventually ending up in the ocean.And because plastic trash is different from other types of wasteitdoesnt de

17、compose（分解）back into nature like an apple core or a banana peel-it stays in the ocean forever.That means fishing nets thrown into the sea can trap animals and harmful straws can be mistaken as food.WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT?You can do so much to help keep Earth clean!You can look at how much single-us

18、e plastic yourfamily uses by filling out a plastic journal for a week-then talking about what you can do to use less.Byworking together,our choices can help save animals and the ocean they live in.6.What can we know from Paragraph 1?A.The sea turtle has eaten a jellyfish as its dinner.B.Sea creature

19、s like eating the floating object.C.The sea turtle is not alone to eat the jellyfish.D.More and more plastic will appear in the sea.7.What is the problem of plastic according to Paragraph 2?A.Plastic can save peoples lives.B.Plastic can be used only once.C.Plastic can help the disabled to drink.D.Pl

20、astic can produce a lot of rubbish.8.What does the underlined word it refer to?A.Plastic trash.B.A banana peel.C.Fishing net.D.An apple core.9.Whats the authors writing purpose according to the passage?A.To tell us a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick.B.To call for our action against pl

21、astic pollution.C.To show a fact that not all plastic is bad.D.To help save animals and keep the Earth clean.10.What is the best title of this passage?A.How to Use Plastic B.A Story of A Sea TurtleC.Plastic Pollution D.Plastic Saves Lives（2022 广东汕头,一模）During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,the pand

22、a-themed mascot（吉祥物）,Bing Dwen Dwen,becomes a superstar.People of all ages and from different countries love it.But do you know since when amascot has become an important part in the Olympic games?The first mascot in the Olympics games was a cartoon character at the 1968 Grenoble WinterOlympics,alth

23、ough it was not an official mascot.This character was designed（设计）by Frenchman AlineLafargue.The name of the mascot was Schuss.It was designed only over a single night before the OlympicGames were about to start.The character was like a little man on a ski（滑雪）board painted in the colors ofFrance:blu

24、e,red,and white.However,the first official mascot was made public in the 1972 Munich Olympics.It was designed byElena Winschermann.It was called Waldi the Dachshund（Weiner Dog）.Waldis idea first took shape threeyears before the games at a Christmas party where the designers were given color pens and

25、 were asked todoodle anything that they think can represent（代表）the games and the country as well.The success of these first mascots helped the mascots become an official symbol of the games andthey became necessary for every edition which took place from 1980.The mascots are designed to showthe exci

26、tement around the country and are filled with bright colors to give it a look of a festival.11.Why is Bing Dwen Dwen mentioned in Paragraph 1?A.To show its beauty.B.To prove the importance of mascots.C.To lead in the topic of the passage.D.To tell something about Winter Olympics.12.What does the fir

27、st mascot look like?B噂C.D.景13.What does the underlined word“doodle mean in Paragraph 3?A.to build B.to drawC.to change D.to cover14.Which of the following is TRUE about the first official mascot of the Olympic Games?A.It was designed over one night.C.It was a panda-themed mascot.15.What is the main

28、idea of the passage?A.Some designers of Olympics mascots.C.How to design an Olympics mascot.B,It was designed at a Christmas party.D.Its color was blue,red and white.B.The history of Olympics mascots.D.Why Olympics mascots are important.（2022 广东汕头一模）A record 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year,

29、many from hunger.So last December,governmentwildlife experts came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.They decided to feed them greenvegetables like lettuce and cabbage.Ron Mezich,an expert,said,Were making a difference.So far,theyhave served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry

30、manatees.But as the weather is gettingwarm,the program is expected to end soon.Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea.Thafs onereason why theyre sometimes called“sea cows”.Since 1967,Floridas manatees have been on the USgovernments list of endange

31、red animals.Most dangers to manatees come from humans.One of the biggestproblems facing the animals are boats.Manatees are curious（好奇的）and fairly slow.That has led tothousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats.At one point,there were only about 2,000 manatees leftin Florida.With protection,th

32、e number increased.In 2016,there were more than 6,000 manatees.However,as sea grass began to disappear,the number of manatees keeps going down again.Warmingseas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae（藻）on the oceans surface.The algae blocksthe sunlight that allows the sea grass to gr

33、ow.In Indian River Lagoon,where manatees often go in thewinter,about 90%of the sea grass beds there have died off.Long term,Florida will work to help restore（恢复）sea grass beds.But that will take time.Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees couldslarve this winter.16.Why are manatees somet

34、imes called“sea cows”?A.They are as big as cows.B.They can swim like cows.C.They have tails like cows.D.They feed on plants like cows.17.How has the number of manatees changed over years?2021A.B.1967 201618.Which shows the correct order of the causes of manatees9 death?A.sea pollution growth of alga

35、e death of see grass death of manateesB.growth of algae sea pollution death of see grass death of manateesC.sea pollution death of see grass growth of algae death of manateesD.growth of algae death of see grass*sea pollution death of manatees19.What is the meaning of the underlined word“starve”?A.to

36、 be hit by boats B.to eat up sea grassC.to die from hunger D.to lose swimming ability20.Which is the best title for this passage?A.Manatees Feeding Program B.Money Given to Save ManateesC.Sea Grass Bed Restored for Manatees D.Reasons for Manatees5 Death Still Unclear（2022广东.东莞外国语学校一模）Ordering takeou

37、ts is very popular nowadays because it is convenient.More than 60 percent of thepeople in China order takeout food at least twice a week.If people dont want to eat out,they can just ordertakeouts on the smart phone and wait for it to be delivered（送达）.What about people living in ancient times?Did the

38、y eat takeouts?In fact,there was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty.According to history books,EmperorXiaozong（1127-1194）liked to order takeouts late at night.His servants then went around the city to pickup the dishes and bring them back to the palace.Ordinary（普通的）people also ordered takeouts.

39、Restaurant waiters would go out into the streets andyell out which dishes could be ordered that day.After hearing the waiters,people could then place an order.Later,delivery workers would bring food to their homes.In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along theRiver During the Qingming Fes/iua/（清明上河图）

40、，a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery with foodin hand.People at that time even had a special meal box for takeout dishes.It was a long wooden box withseveral layers.People also used warming plates made of two layers of porcelain（瓷）.Hot water could beput between them to keep dishes warm.21.The

41、 underlined word jf in Para I probably refers to（指的是）.A.eating out B.the smart phone C.takeout D.a phone call22.According to the passage,takeout has a long history of about years in China.A.900 B.1,100 C.1,000 D.2,00023.The underlined word yell probably me a n s.A.throwB.findC.giveD.shout24.Which of

42、 the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Many people like to order takeouts nowadays.B.Only the Emperor could order takeouts in ancient times.C.People can see a takeout worker in Along the River During the Qingming Festival.D.People used special wooden boxes for takeout dishes in ancien

43、t China.25.Which can be the best title for this passage?A.Takeout in Ancient China B.The emperor who liked takeoutsC.The popularity of takeout in modern China D.The way to order takeouts in ancient China（2022,广东河源一模）It is calculated that by the year 2230,the entire population of the USA will be dang

44、erously overweight.Nine years ago only one in eight was obese（月 巴 胖）.Nowadays in five Americans one is obese and thenumber continues to rise.One of the problems is the big amounts of what they eat.The drink and foodportions（分量）are so large in America that a new vocabulary has appeared on the menus t

45、o fit the portions.Food sizes no longer stop at large,but run through jumbo,supreme,monster and super size.Everybody is not only eating more,but also consuming more and more junk food.And everybodyknows what food like this can do to their weight and health.Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of sugar a

46、day,twice the suggested safe amount and 25 percent more than 10 years ago.Besides,most of the Americans sit at a desk all day,go past a drive-through restaurant,head home,open the garage door and head for the armchair,television with voice control and mobile phone resting onthe arms.Everything is el

47、ectric,and everything has been motorized or electrified.The growth of obesity among children is also woirying American health experts.Children arespending long hours sitting,watching TV,surfing the Internet or playing computer games.As a result,12percent of teenagers are overweight.The Center for Di

48、sease Control has already warned the nation about an epidemic（泛滥）of obesity,butit is hard for people to give up their eating habits even if they know about the health risks they run.26.The numbers mentioned in Paragraph 1 is.A.to warn Americans about the danger of obesityB.to show the improvement of

49、 living standards in AmericaC.to show the sharp increase in obese population of the USAD.to compare the growth of obesity between America and China27.The underlined word“consuming“means A.eating B.selling C.throwing D.preparing28.What can you indicate（推断）from Paragraph 4?A.Some of the children in Am

50、erica dont have healthy habits.B.Most of the Americans are too lazy to do things themselves.C.Americans are becoming lazy because everything is motorized or electrified.D.Only 12 percent of teenagers arc overweight so theres nothing to worry about.29.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.A