非谓语动词1不定式.ppt
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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 定义定义 构成构成 用法用法Ms.White is showing her students some books _ from the library(2010,课标全国课标全国,27)A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowingWith Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _ a gift for my dad.(2010,山东山东,15)A.to buy B.buy C.buying D.to be bou
2、ght _ the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height(2010,上海上海,9)A.Approach B.Approached C.To approach D.Approaching非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在一个句子中是指在一个句子中不做谓语的不做谓语的动词动词.非谓语动词具有动词特性非谓语动词具有动词特性-表示动作,但不能作谓语,因为表示动作,但不能作谓语,因为他不是句子要表达的主语所发出动作,或主语的身份,状他不是句子要表达的主语所发出动作,或主语的身份,状态,属性。态,属性。非谓语动词定义非谓语动词
3、定义We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning只有只有动词 或或 动词短短语 能作能作谓语或者或者实义动词或者系或者系动词 动词不定式动词不定式 动名词动名词 分词分词非谓语动词构成非谓语动词构成现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语,非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语,状语等成分状语等成分We intend to watch a film laterI saw Tom washing his car this morning非谓语动词用法非谓
4、语动词用法非谓语动词用法非谓语动词用法 1 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式由动词不定式由 to+动词原形动词原形 构成构成.否定形式为否定形式为 not to+动动词原形词原形动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定动词不定式一般带有式一般带有目的目的和和将来将来的语气的语气We intend to watch a film laterI have taken some money out of the bank to buy a gift for my dad动词不定式在句中起动词不定式在句中起 名词名词,形容词形容词 或或 副
5、词副词 的作用的作用 1 动词不定式动词不定式因此,动词不定式在句子中可以做因此,动词不定式在句子中可以做:主语主语,宾语宾语,定语定语,表语表语,状语状语 和和 补语补语动词不定式的形式一般是动词不定式的形式一般是to+动词原形,动词原形,to有时要省去有时要省去*。主语:主语:宾语:宾语:定语:定语:动词不定式在句子中的各种成分动词不定式在句子中的各种成分To learn a new language requires hard workingIt requires hard working to learn a new language We are planning to leave
6、They intend to attack in the second halfThe plane to land came from Germany.The book to be published next the week is about China.分别记住接动名分别记住接动名词和不定式作宾词和不定式作宾语的动词语的动词表语:表语:状语:状语:补语:补语:动词不定式在句子中的各种成分动词不定式在句子中的各种成分His job is to protect you He appears to have caught a cold She went to Bei Jing to prote
7、ct you They were very sad to hear the newsThe bag is too heavy for him to carryI visited him only to find him out 形容词之后,动作同时形容词之后,动作同时在副词在副词only,never之后之后 The boss told Tom to ring Mr.Lee at 3pmHe begged me not to tell anybody about this 省去省去 to 的不定式结构的不定式结构 1 动词不定式动词不定式1 在固定词组在固定词组had better之后。否定形式
8、是之后。否定形式是 had better not do sth You had better go home now.Youd better go home now.Its cold outside.Youd better not go out.2 在在let,urge,make,等使役动词后,要跟不带等使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。的动词不定式作宾语补足语。*I made him give me the money back.They let him talk.1 动词不定式动词不定式在使役动词在使役动词 的被动语态中,的被动语态中,to 不可以省略。不可以省略。I ma
9、de him give me the money back.He was made to give me the money back.They let him talk.He was let to talk.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式 to have been doing时态语态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1 一般式:动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动一般式:动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或
10、发生在谓语动词动作之后词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.I am glad to meet you.I hope to see you again soon.We are planning to visit the Great Wall.1 动词不定式动词不定式2 进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生时发生动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态The boy pretended to be working They seemed to be arguing over something 1 动词不定式动词不定式3 完成式:表
11、示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态He seems to have caught a cold.He seemed to have caught a cold.I am glad to meet you.I am glad to have met you.1 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态4 完成进行式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,且完成进行式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,且动作带有持续性动作带有持续性She was said to have been living
12、 here for many years.It is a real honor for me to have been working with you 1 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态1 一般式被动语态:一般式被动语态:It is a real honor for me to be invited to this party 1 动词不定式动词不定式2 完成式被动语态:完成式被动语态:This English novel is said to have been translated into Chinese动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法作主语作主语 To fini
13、sh the work in ten minutes is impossible To obey these company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard working 1 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法作主语作主语 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后式置于句后To finish the work in ten minutes is impossible To obey these
14、 company regulations is necessary To win a Olympic gold medal requires hard workingIt is impossible to finish the work in ten minutesIt is necessary To obey these company regulationsIt requires hard working to win a Olympic gold medal 1 动词不定式动词不定式 It作为形式主语常用句式有:作为形式主语常用句式有:1 It+be+名词名词+to do 2 It ta
15、kes sb.+some time+to do 3 It+be+形容词形容词+for sb+to do 4 It+be+形容词形容词+of sb+to do 5 It seems/seemed(appears/appeared)+形容词形容词+to do 动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法 1 动词不定式动词不定式Its our duty to take good care of the children.It took me five days to write this article.1 It+be+名词名词+to do句型常接句型常接 a pity,an honor,a pleasure
16、等词等词2 It takes sb.+some time+to doIts a real honor to be hereIt作为形式主语作为形式主语 1 动词不定式动词不定式3 It+be+形容词形容词+for sb+to do 句型常接表示客观情况的句型常接表示客观情况的形容词,如:形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等等It is difficult for me to eat all these oranges.To eat all these oranges is difficult for me.It作为
17、形式主语作为形式主语 1 动词不定式动词不定式4 It+be+形容词形容词+of sb+to do 句型常接句型常接careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。这一句式等于:等表示赞扬或批评的词。这一句式等于:sb is+形容词形容词+to do句式句式 Its very kind of him to help us He is very kind to help us It作为形式主语作为形式主语 1 动词不定式动词不定式 It seems/seemed(appear
18、s/appeared)+形容词形容词+to do 5 It作为形式主语作为形式主语 It seems very hard to open this door To open this door seems very hard 1 动词不定式动词不定式 It appears impossible to find himTo find him appears impossible注意:注意:不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,只能用只能用tois to.不能用不能用A
19、 is to的句型的句型 To see is to believe.Seeing is to believe It is to believe to see.动词不定式动词不定式 1 动词不定式动词不定式英语句式平衡英语句式平衡动词不定式在句中可起名词动词不定式在句中可起名词,形容词或副词的作用形容词或副词的作用 动词不定式动词不定式因此,动词不定式在句子中可以做因此,动词不定式在句子中可以做:主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语 和和 补补语语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语 1 以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语The driver failed to see
20、 that car in time.They offered to help me afford(付得起),(付得起),agree(同意),(同意),aim(力求做到力求做到),appear(显得),(显得),arrange(安排),(安排),ask(要求),(要求),attempt(试图),(试图),care(想要),(想要),choose(决定),(决定),claim(声称),(声称),condescend(屈尊),(屈尊),consent(准许),(准许),decide(决(决 定),定),demand(要求),(要求),determine(决心),(决心),endeavor(竭力)(竭
21、力),expect(期待),(期待),fail(未履行),(未履行),help(帮(帮 助),助),hesitate(犹豫),(犹豫),hope(希望),(希望),learn(学会),(学会),manage(设法),(设法),neglect(疏忽),(疏忽),offer(主动提(主动提 出),出),plan(计划),(计划),prepare(准备),(准备),pretend(假装),(假装),proceed(接着做),(接着做),promise(答应),(答应),prove(证(证 明),明),refuse(拒绝),(拒绝),resolve(解决),(解决),seem(觉得好像),(觉得好像)
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