高考英语短文改错命题与解题.ppt

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1、l高考英语短文改错的高考英语短文改错的l命题与解题命题与解题 l lNMET短文改错的命题特点短文改错的命题特点l 1.短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑:l i.考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特点)。l ii.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。l iii.估计考生可能出现的错误。l 2.用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉,不会象阅读理解那样,发生因题材陌生而丢分。lNMET短文改错的命题内容lI.英语的屈折附加成分l 1.现在时第三人称单数 2.时态l 3.被动语态 4.动名词l 5.分词 6.不定式 l 7.名词复数 8.代词 l 9.比较形容词 l10.词性的变化(从一类词派生另

2、一类词)lII.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误l 1.英语介词和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是NMET短文改错的重要内容l 2.汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语l 3.英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致,称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等)l 4.英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,平行结构常借助于并列连词and,or,not only.but also等。)lIII.估计考生可能出现的错误l 1.冗言l 例1:(I am a member of)l our school football team.We practise for three times (ev

3、ery week and often watch football matches on TV together.)l 例2:Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.l l2.and but;and or;x not;gocome转换对于整个句意的逻辑关系造成根本变化 l 例:She was smiling but nodding at me.I remembered (her words and calmed down.)l and l 3.英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词l 4.定语从句的考查l

4、 5.忽视最常见近似形词语的差异l 6.误把形容词当动词了解NMET短文改错的命题内容l命题之一:英语的屈折附加成分l 英语学科显著的特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式,包括英语的屈折附加l成分,如:动词的屈折变化,名词复数的屈折变化,代词的屈折变化,比较形容词的l屈折变化等,而汉语则无这种变化。1.现在时第三人称单数的屈折变化l The new boy or girl in school quickly become one (of the class after a few games.)becomesl Anyone may borrow books,and it cost nothing

5、 to borrow them.costs l(Playing football not only makes us grow up)tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and(team spirit.)l gives 2.时态的屈折变化l84/NMET2003 (She liked it)l very much and reads it to class.All said the story was (a good one.)read l We were driving along a narrow road when

6、the car stop working.stopped l Bill is standing at the side of the car,(talking to two men who were helping him to repair it.)l was l Last Sunday,police cars hurry to the tallest building.hurried l Also,scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases(疾病).have If the book you will w

7、ant is out,you may ask for it(to be called back for you,.)(I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away)and it is really great to see most of my old(friends again.)was We have a good time talking and laughing(together.)had My favourite sport is football.I was a member of(our school

8、 football team.)am 2.时态的屈折变化3.被动语态的屈折变化 After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.frightened Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.seen (If the book you want is out,you may ask for it to be called back for you,and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard,the librari

9、an will write to you,and let you know when the book you)want has returned and is ready for you to pick up.been Books may be keep for four weeks.keptl 4.动名词的屈折变化l81/NMET2003l Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was (learning to.)talkingl (Charles and Linda Mason do all these things)l a

10、s well as climbed buildings.l climbing;climb l (If the book you want is out,you may ask for it to be called back for you,and if you pay)lthe cost of send a postcard,the librarian will(write to you,.)sending l I want to thank you again for have me in yourl (home for the summer holidays.l having l I l

11、ook forward to hear from you soon.l hearing l together.Play football not only makes us grow upl (tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.)Playing 5.不定式l I went back to get David and helped him to stood up.stand l The World Health Organization and other organizations ar

12、e working improve health all over the world.to l (If the book you want is out,you may ask for it to be called back for you,and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard,the librarian will)l write to you,and let you to know when the book you (want has been returned and is ready for you to pick up.)l

13、(I had always)wanted return to the village after moving awayl(and it was really great to see most of my old friends again.)to l Id like to your penfriend,and get tol(know more about your country.)l be/become 6.名词复数的屈折变化l Different people speak different language,.l languages l We stopped to rest for

14、 a while and to drink some waters from a stream.l water l We have been to Europe many time.l times l There are branch library in many villages.l libraries l (I hope that you two could come and visit us)l some times soon.time lThere are branch library in many villages.l libraries l (I hope that you t

15、wo could come and visit us)l some times soon.time l We study quite a few subject,such as maths,Chinese,(English and physics.)subjects l (We practise for three times)l every week and often watch football match on TV (together.)matches l85/NMET2003 (All said the story was)l a good one.Their word were

16、a great encouragement to me.word wordsl7.代词的屈折变化l82/NMET2003 (as I was)l learning to express me in simple English.One day I wrote (a little story.)l me myselfl The game speaks for themselves.l them/itself l When we walked to the car,Bill smiled and shook head.his l (And I cant forget)the good food y

17、ou l cooked for I.me l8.比较形容词的屈折变化l Police cars hurried to the taller building(inl New York.)tallest l (As a result,people in the modern world)generally live much more longer than people in the past.l (People in industrial countries can expect to live for)twice so long as people who lived a few hund

18、red years ago.as l In some places you may borrow many books as you want,.asl9.词性的变化(从一类词派生另一类词是英语学科的又一显著特点。不同的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性)l A players native language is not importance.important l Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.wonderfull 命题之二:学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误l1.英语介词远比汉语介词活跃这一特性(介词常和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是

19、NMET短文改错的重要内容)l People in different parts in the world learn to understand one another through sports.l of l People in different parts of the world learn to understand one with another through sports.l l Suddenly we caught sight at a car and l some men.of l When I have free time I go a long walk.l f

20、or l When they came down the police were l angry to them.with l Most people can quickly get for help l from a doctor or go to a hospital if they arel ill.l(Newly-published novels are always in great demand,)and some books,for example,books for history,(science,cooking and gardening are also popular.

21、)on l (I was a member of)our school football team.We practise for three timesl (every week and often watch football match on TV together.)l (We must keep in mind that we play)lfor the team instead ourselves.Also,the sport (teaches us the importance of lobedience服从).l of l2.汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语这一特性,考生在使用

22、英语冠词方面常常缺乏良好的意识和习惯l79/NMET2003l My teacher advised me to keep my diary.I followed her (advice and.)my al One does not need to understand the languagel of other.the l Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.l Good health is persons most valuable possession.a l Modern p

23、eople know more about the health,have better food,(and live in cleaner surroundings.)l There is public library in every town in Britain.l a l Maybe you could come during a winter(holidays.)l the l(Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit)to a l American family.an l(Each)player must obey captain,who

24、 is the l leader of (the team.)the l The day before the speech contest(比赛)Englishl teacher (talked to me.)my l3.忽视英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致,称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等)l (Different people speak different languages,but sports have a language of its own.their l The game speaks for themselves.l itself l(The new boy

25、or girl in school quickly becomes)one of the class after few games.l a l The new boy or girl in school quickly become (one of the class after a few games.)becomes l .talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.were l (Today,it is much easier to be healthy than)l it is in the past.was l The S

26、miths did his best to make me feel(at home.)their l the team.And they must not break the rules tool (often if we want to win the game.)wel (I did a good job and won the first)l prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.are l4.忽视英语中的平行结构现象忽视英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念在表达平行概念时时,要使用相同的语法结构要使用

27、相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配即动词与动词相配,其时态及其形式应一致其时态及其形式应一致;形容词与形容词相配形容词与形容词相配,要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用,即即原级形容词与原级形容词相配原级形容词与原级形容词相配,比较级形容词与比较级形容词与比较级形容词相配比较级形容词相配,最高级形容词与最高级形容最高级形容词与最高级形容词相配词相配;分词语与分词相配分词语与分词相配,不定式与不定式相不定式与不定式相配配,短语与短语相配短语与短语相配;平行结构常借助于并列连平行结构常借助于并列连词词and,or等。等。)l 80/NMET2003(I fol

28、lowed her)l advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.去掉shouldl84/NMET2003 (She liked it)l very much and reads it to class.All said the story was (a good one.)reads readl l(He said it was best to stay until help arrived)rather than go into the forest and getting lost.get l (Modern people k

29、now more about the health,have)better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings.l Anyone may borrow books,and it cost nothing to borrow them.costs l (If the book you want is out,you may ask for it)to be called back for you,and whether you pay(the cost of sending al postcard,the librarian will write.)

30、if l (It was very kind of them to meet me)at the railway station and drove me to their home.l drive l (Playing football not only makes us grow up)l tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and (team spirit.)givesl (I was often)a little tired after a days work land watch TV(demands very

31、little effort).l watching l (I remembered)her words and calm down.lI did a good job and won the first (prize.)l calmed 命题之三:估计考生可能出现的错误l 1.冗言l77/NMET2003 (I ran into many)l difficulties.The main problem was in that I always thought l (in Chinese and.)was in that was thatl (As a result,people in the

32、modern world)generally live much more longer than people in the past.l Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital if they are ill.l I never knew about a ride down(a river could be so exciting.)/that l(I never knew a ride down)a river could be so much exciting.l(I also enj

33、oyed the)evenings when we spent together.l I hope that both you two could come and visitl us l l Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit(to an American family.)l(In fact)they are planning to visit China in next year.l First,let me tell you something more about myself.l(I was a member of)l our

34、 school football team.We practise for three timesl (every week and often watch football matches on TV together.)l(11)Whenever I see them I will often think of lmy English teacher.l2.and but;and or;x not;gocome 对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成根本变化 l78/NMET2003(I always thought)l in Chinese and tried to translate anyth

35、ing into English.anything everythingl A football player from Japan can not play with (a player from England.)l(The new person on the job feels better after)lhe and she has played tennis with other l(people in the office.)or l We tried to fix it and there was nothing(we could do.)but l Therefore,ther

36、e are still some countries lwhere (people have shorter lives.)However l Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.l come l以写信人所在地为中心,使用come,以避免句子产生歧义。l She was smiling but nodding at me.I remembered (her words and calmed down.)l and l 3.英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词这一特性l I told Mother,Father,Sister,all my

37、 friends (here what a great time I had.)l and l (I told Mother,Father,Sister,and all my friends)l here that a great time I had.)what 4.NMET短文改错重视对定语从句的考查l People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together.l who/that l However,David and I did not agree and David point

38、ed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.l l In the last five years that they have climbed churches,(high building and television towers.)l l(However,there are still some countries)there people have shorter lives.l where l(In some places you may borrow as many books as you w

39、ant,in other places you are limited to a certain)number,of that some may be novels.which l My name is Li Hua.I live in Beijing,where is the (capital of China.)l which l5.忽视最常见近似形词语的差异l He lied down by the side of the path to rest.lay l 6.误把形容词当动词l They eager to know everything about(China and asked

40、me lots of questions.)l were NMET短文改错的解题lWhat should you do when your parents become angry?1.l点评:多年来NMET短文改错一般考虑在文章l首行的后半部命题,但NMET2001,2002（京）2003命题在文章的首行连续出现正确句答案,应引起关注。l 需要指出的是首行第1个动词的时态一般不会有误,其形式表明该段文章 时态的基准点。建议在此句中留意动词become的时态。l If your parents got mad,try to have a conversation with them (abou

41、t it).get l点评：NMET短文改错重视对动词时态的屈折变化的考查,如NMET2001:l（.and will do all they can to make sure）l that I get a good education.They did not want mel（to do any work at home）do l 重要提示:动词时态由现在时错误地跳到过去时或反之,是该题型最重要的命题考虑之一。l(If your parents get mad,try to have a conversation with them)labout it.Remembering not to

42、 shout at them.They usually Rememberl(will try to change,.)l点评:Remembering若不是用作现在分词短语作状语,就应考虑将其ing去掉,而改为祈使句用法。句或句式的准确性是解题应该留意的内容。其中关注标点符号,包括逗号、句号出现的场合和时机是十分必要的。l(They usually)lwill try to change,but they will take some time because it l(they get angry all their life,and that is all they know.)l点评:该题

43、涉及对代词的指代对象准确性的考查,是该题型重要的命题考虑之一,l 如NMET98:l(Each player must obey the captain,who is the leader of)l the team.And they must not break the rules too (often if we want to win the game.)wel(.,but it will take some time because)lthey get angry all their life,and that is all they lknow.You lives l(might h

44、ave to change for your method a couple of times.)l点评:life用作不可数名词,意为人生,生活,生存;l life用作可数名词,意为一生,终生。l 例:They have very busy lives.他们终生忙碌。l 该题涉及到对名词单复数判断的考查,此考点是该题型最常见的命题现象。l 如NMET2001:lthey want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.subjectsl(You)lmight hav

45、e to change for your method a couple of times.l点评:change为及物动词,其后应接用其宾语。lDo any nice things for your parents that they dont expect some l(-like cooking,doing the dishes,.)l点评:i.any若作定语,用于肯定句时,应后接单数名词,如:Any nice book will do.l ii.若说话者肯定意味强时,用some;不用any。l Why dont you bring some magazines with you?l Yo

46、ud better read some magazines on the train.l iii.考题中若出现诸如something,any,everything 等字眼时,应予留意。l(.that they dont expect)-like cooking,doing the dishes,washing clothes,or clean(the floors.)l cleaning l点评:该题涉及到平行结构现象。在表达平行概念时,要使用相同的语法结构。就本题而言,通过并列连词or,平行使用3个动名词。l NMET短文改错命制重视对英语中的平行结构现象考查,如NMET2000:l(I r

47、emembered)l her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first(prize.)calmed l lIf this doesnt work,bring in friend that you (feel comfortable,.)al点评:i.考生可能会认为将friend改为friends也可,但问题出在后面所给的l .and have him or her help you上面。通过him or her使得 friend一词只有一种改法。l ii.NMET短文改错重视对冠词的考查。由于汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语

48、,这一特性使考生在使用英语冠词方面缺乏良好的意识和习惯。此点应予留意。l(You)lfeel comfortable,and have him or her help you.l with 点评:i.因其前有that you feel comfortable 容易使考生产生(so)that you(may)feel comfortablel的理解。此题命题十分精彩。l ii.关系代词that引出的定语从句应是不完整的句子;在you feel comfortable之后加用介词with形成正确的定语从句。l B Like most of my schoolmates,I have neither

49、 brothers nor 1.sisters.【点评】多年来NMET短文改错一般考虑在文章首行的后半部命题,如NMET2000、NMET99、NMET98等都是这样,而NMET2001短文改错命题在文章的首行第一次出现 正确句答案,这可能考虑到首行的后半部内容have neither brothers nor 所具备的命题单元have had(时态命题);brothers brother(名词复数 命题);neither.nor neither.or(并列连词命题)与文章的第79题 did do(时态);第81题subject subjects(名词复数);第84题 and or(并列连词)

50、命题角度或内容重叠有关。NMET2001短文改错在 文章的首行第一次出现正确句答案这一现象,可能并不具备典型性。I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words,I am an only child.My parents2.love me dearly of course.【解】in other words意思为换句话说【点评】该题涉及到冗言式的错误类型。对NMET英语科说明中405条短语的准确记忆是 解此类题的关键。My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they ca