过去分词作宾语补足语及状语.ppt

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1、Grammar过去分词V-ed的用法4.作状语1.作定语2.作表语3.作补语过去分词注意过去分词做定语的位置a closed door a broken windowa polluted river一、过去分词作定语 1.前置定语归纳1：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词_。之前 a picture painted by Leonardo da Vincia woman dressed in white2.过去分词短语作定语：通常_，其作用相当于定语从句。1)Its a picture _ _ painted by Leonardo da Vinci2)There was a wom

2、an _ _ dressed in whitethat/which wasthat/who was后置结论：过去分词作定语,表示动作在谓语之前已_,或具有_意义.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作_，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，则表_ 或_。被动 完成已经完成被动意义已完成的被动动作现在分词和过去分词做定语，有何区别呢？Make less noise,Theres a sleeping child.Those wishing to join this club should sign here.They came to a town surrounded by mountai

3、ns.系动词的分类：“似乎类”：“感觉类”：“变成类”：“仍然类”：基本形式：Be(am,is,are)seem,appear,lookfeel,sound,smell,tastebecome,go,get,grow,fall,turnremain,stay,keep位于系动词后，不表示“被动”或“完成”，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情等。相当于形容词1.They are excited.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.When we heard of this,we were deeply moved.二.过去分词作表语1.T

4、hey were _ to hear the _ news.(delight)2.The teacher announced the _ news with an _voice.(excite)delighteddelightingexcitedexciting归纳:与感觉相关的及物动词，其过去分词含有被动含义，即“人被引起某种感觉”，多用来形容人、人的声音或者表情。而其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”V-ing 与V-ed 作表语的区别区别 The library is closed.The library is closed by the teacher.V-ed作表语表主语的状

5、态，被动语态表示被动的动作。“系动词+过去分词（系表结构）状态（系表结构）动作(被动语态）区别 My glasses are broken.My glasses were broken by my little brother.状态动作be+过去分词表状态时，是系表结构，而表示动作时，是被动语态，而且动作的执行者由by 引出过去分词作表语，通常表示主语的所处的状态。Liu Xiang is a player _(love)by many thousands of fans.Unluckily,he got _(injure)in the game,in2012 London Olympics.

6、The _(surprise)news got across to the world and his fans were _(disappoint)to see it，but they still wished him a happy life.lovedinjuredsurprisingdisappointed Used as the Object Complement什么是宾语补足语？英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,get,have,let等。We thi

7、nk him clever.What he said made me angry.We consider the answer correct.(宾语)(宾补)(宾语)(宾补)(宾语)(宾补)宾语补足语的表示法1.His father named him Doming.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt force him to go at once.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw her entering the room.(名词)(形容词)(不定式)(不定式短语)(现在分词或其

8、短语)6.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7.We take English as a useful tool for research work.8.Whenever you may go,you will find him at work.9.Let the fresh air in.10.The plant has its own name.You cannot call it what you will.(过去分词)（用介词引出）（介词短语）（副词）(从句)课本例句1).Now when people refer to Englan

9、d you findfind Wales includedincluded as well.2).Finally by gettinggetting Ireland connectedconnected in the same peaceful way.3).You findfind most of the population settledsettled in the south,用过去分词充当宾语补足语1.过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作已经完成或结束。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系

10、。The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.They found their new bikes stolen.2.不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，仅表示动作已完成。After waking up,I found everyone gone.3.动词seat，dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。而且一般只能用过去分词作宾语补足语。When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner.1.在feel,find,hear,notice,see

11、,watch,think,consider等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表示感受到某人或某事被做。I was sleeping when I heard my name called.He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.过去分词作宾语补足语的情况2.在get,have,make,keep使役动词之后,用过 去分词作宾语补足语,表示“使/让”。We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out a

12、t the dentists.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011重庆)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind解析：remind和himself构成动宾关系，即remind sb.of sth.，故用reminded。reminded作宾语补足语。C3.“have/get+宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get。这一结构有以下几种

13、含义：1).意为“主语请别人做某事”。He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.2).意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。Be careful,or youll have your hands hurt.3).意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做 完，也可以由主语参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning.4.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters(to

14、be)typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano.“with/without 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated,we can see the ste

15、am.With the matter settled,we all went home.Without the job finished,I wouldnt dare to go home.5.“with/without 宾语过去分词”结构 John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽)A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished解析：在with复合结构中，不定式表示 尚未发生的动作，现在分词表示主动

16、 关系，过去分词表示被动关系。A真题解析6.过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave 等后作宾语补足语。Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.1.I can make you _what I say,butyou cant make yourself_in English.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.to understand,understandD.understand;t

17、o be understood2.He found them_at a table_A.sat;to play chessB.sitting;to play chessC.seated;playing chessD.seat;play the chess3.John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlocked D.to leave;unlocking4.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A.settled B

18、.settling C.be settled D.having been settled5.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.

19、I saw her taken out of the classroom.省略to 的情况：1）情态动词(除ought 外，ought to)：2）使役动词 let,have,make：3）感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the w

20、hole night.注意：1.get 的结构和其他使役动词有所不同get+宾语+to do/doing/doneHe got me to post the letter for him.I will get the car going.You must get the work done before Friday.2.with 的复合结构with+sb/sth+doingwith+sth+donewith+sth+to doWith a lot of work to do,he was not allowed togo out.1.I often hear the girl _ this

21、English song in her room.2.The girl is often heard _ this English song in her room.3.I hear this English song _ in her room.4.This English song was heard _ by the girl in her room.5.I heard the girl _ this English song in her room when I passed by.sing to singsungsungsinging用sing的正确形式填空。过去分词作状语ThePa

22、stParticipleastheAdverbial1.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.2.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast sleep.功能：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。Built thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.过去分词在句中一般能作时间、原因、条件、让步,方式及伴随状语等。位置：过去分词作条件，原因及时间状语时,常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末,作方式和让步状语时，即可放在句首，也可在句末。

23、1.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语，相当于as,since,because等词引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句首。Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Because he was caught in a heavy rain)2.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.1.Since/As she was given a

24、dvice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged【答案】C。“受到科技进步的激励

25、，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。”该句可转化为：As they are encouraged by the advances in technology,。2.过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件状语，相当于if,unless等词引导的条件状语从句。Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.(If these seeds are grown in rich soil)If we were given more time,we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated

26、 to a high temperature,water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperatureUnless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited If _ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well A.giving B.give C.given D.being given A C3.过去分词作方式或伴

27、随情况状语过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时，相当于一个并列分句，没有相应的状语从句可替换。The trainer appeared,followed by four little dogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。He walked up and down the room,lost in thought.他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a gr

28、oup of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The teacher stood there,surrounded by the students.4.过去分词作时间状语1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated,ice will be changed into water.过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。有时，过去分词前可以加when,while,until等词来强调过去分词所表示的动作与主句谓语

29、动词所表示动作的时间关系。When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill，the parkDont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.1.When help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered 2.When _,the museum will be open

30、 to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed D A5.过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语。过去分词与though/although/even if/even though/however等词连用，相当于一个让步状语从句。Left at home,John didnt feel afraid at all.(Although he was left at home,)Even if invited,I will not take part in the party.(

31、Even if I am invited,)No matter how frequently,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2006 广东)A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed【答案】A。“不管多么频繁地被演奏，贝多芬的作品仍吸引着全世界的人们。”。句子还原即是No matter how frequently they are performed,2.过去分词作状语表示_/或_的动作,相当一个状语从句。3.过去分词

32、作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。过去分词作状语 被动 完成summary1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。_from the hill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系,用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用_。现在分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the hill,you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden.SeenSeeing1.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like

33、 a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seen Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.Surprised at what had happened,Tom didnt know what to do.1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost

34、/absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressed in(穿着);2，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法。如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况三.有些过去分词可以用连词加以强调。这些连词有when,once,if,unless,though,as if,although,even if,even though,than,asWhen asked why she came here,the girl kept silent.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别Following th

35、e old man,we went upstairs.=We followed the old man,and we went upstairs.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.=We were followed by the old man,and we went upstairs.Seen from the top,the stadium looks like a birds nest.Seeing from the top,we find the stadium like a birds nest.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词表

36、完成，被动，与主句的主语之间是被动关系。现在分词表进行，主动，与主语的主语之间是主动关系。特别注意having done 结构，强调的动作先于主句动作完成.Shown around the lab,we were taken to see the library.=Having been shown around the lab,we were taken to see the library.1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose配套练习

37、动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。2.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given 3._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 析:正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的,所以该空应填过去分词 Founded 作状

38、语。4._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared5._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given6._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To

39、dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed7.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invitedI.下列各句均有一处错误,指出并改正。The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited.2.Interesting in English,he listens to BBC every day.excited excitingInt

40、eresting Interested3.How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!4.We met him at the giving time and place5.When heard the news,she burst into laughter.understanding understoodgiving givenheard hearing或heard前加she6.He was sitting in the chair,read a book.7.The villagers had many tre

41、es planting just then.8.Entered the room,she found the wall newly painted.read readingplanting plantedEntered Entering9.Surprising at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.10.There were the brothers look very much alike.Surprising Surprisedlook looking1.When I arrived home one day,I found her _(se

42、at)under the tall tree.2.You can improve your mind by _(read)literary classics.3.In order to make himself _(hear),he raised his voice a little bit.II.用所给词的适当形式填空。seatedreadingheard4.The pool,_(cover)an area of 300 square meters,is big enough for you to enjoy.5.The children will get _(confuse)if asked to learn too much at a time.6.Do you like the book _(make)up of untrue stories?coveringconfusedmade7.Dont keep the visitor _(wait)for such a long time.8.Most of my classmates know that I like reading books _(write)by Zhang Ailing.writtenwaiting