四六级翻译常考语法点Transla.ppt

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1、CET-6 Translationv一、倍数增减的表示法1)Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍).v1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than）v2)This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).v2)reacts three times as fast as the other one（考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）v3)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).vis 49 times the size of the moon（考点：倍数+名词）v4)The landlord _(

2、想将租金提高三分之一).vwants to raise the rent by a third（考点：动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数）v5)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).vplan to double their investment（考点：double+名词）v二、时态 1)Be quick,_(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).v1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church（考点：将来完成时）v2)When she got home,_(孩子们已经睡着了).v the children

3、had fallen asleep（考点：过去完成时）v3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination,_(我姐姐将在海边度假).vmy sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考点：将来进行时）v4)I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).vhave been revising my resume all the morning（考点：现在完成进行时）v5)Do you often go on holiday?_(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).vNo.It has been fiv

4、e years since I went on holiday（考点：It has been since sb.did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）v6)He joined the army in October,2001._(他参军已五年了).vHe has been in the army for 5 years（考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）v三、被动语态1)The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).vis being replaced by the computer and the projector（考点：

5、被动语态的现在进行时）v2)The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).vwill have been published by the end of this year（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）v3)Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).v can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work（考点：1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态）v4)When the bill of fare was brought,_(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).

6、vI was startled,for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated（考点：同“3”的考点2）v5)_(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.vEffective measures must be taken immediately（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）v四、情态动词1)The phone is ringing,_(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).vbut there is no answer.She cant be at home（考点：情态动词可

7、以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”）v2)I cant find my sunglasses._(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).vI may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday（考点：“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）v3)You screamed in your sleep last night._(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).vYou must have dreamed of something terrible（考点：同上）v4)Its a pity._(你本应该

8、邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).vYou should have invited her to your graduation ceremony（考点：“情态动词should/ought to+have done”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）v5)_(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.vI neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party（考点：“情态动词neednt+have+done”表示对过去发生的

9、动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）v五、虚拟语气1)I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).vI had had your opportunities when I was young（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）v2)If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed himself.vhe had known this disease is curable（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同）v3)Wou

10、ld you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).vpainted it blue,and without any decorations（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）v4)Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).vmeasures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams（考点：Its(about/high)time 后的that从句中用过去式，表

11、示“该是的时候了”）v5)Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).vas though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考点：as if/as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）v6)We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).vJack(should)be sent to hospital right now（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）v7)It was advised t

12、hat _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).more mobile shops(should)vbe set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）v8)His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).vthey(should)set up a special board/committee to examine this problem（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(sh

13、ould)do”的虚拟形式）v9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).vthe mid-term exams(should)be canceled（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）v表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(

14、indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等 v10)It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家

15、还缺水).vwe(should)be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考点：在It is/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。v这类形容词常见的有：advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferabl

16、e,proper,urgent,vital,willing等 v11)It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).veveryone(should)be prepared for emergency（考点：同上）v12)_(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),we would have had quite a comfortable journey.vIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）v13)I was to have made a speech _(

17、要不是有人把我的话打断了).vif I had not been interrupted（考点：同上）v14)It didnt rain last night._(要是下了，地就会湿的).vIf it had rained,the ground would be wet（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）v15)_(如果我一直住在纽约),I would know the U.S.well now.vIf I had been living in New York（考点：同上）v16)If the doctor had not come

18、 in time,_(他现在就不在人间了).vhe would be dead now（考点：同上）v17)But for his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).vwe could not have rent a house at such a low price（考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）v18)I used my calculator;_(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).votherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question（考点：otherwis

19、e也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）v19)Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).vI would seize the opportunity without hesitation（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）v20)Had it not been for their opposition,_(这项法案早就通过了).vthis act would have been passed much earlier（考点：同上）v21)Should there be another

20、 world war,_(人类的继续存在就会有危险).vthe continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：同上）v22)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).vlest he should awaken the baby（考点：lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.should do的形式表示虚拟）v六、不定式1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).vto complete a 24-story building in 10 months（考点

21、：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）v2)It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).vfor us to have a good nights sleep before the test（考点：有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary,important,possible,impossible,all right,essential等）v3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).vof you to don

22、ate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等）v4)The teacher decided

23、 _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).vnot to punish those students who had been late for classv（考点：1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,inte

24、nd,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish）v5)Mr.Green was wondering _(是否去看望在法国的儿子).v whether to visit their son in France（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,conside

25、r,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等）6)The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).vwarned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）v7)We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).vinvited him to give us a lecture on modern art（考点：同上）（能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,as

26、k,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,inform invite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to）v8)He

27、feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).vto be the chairman of students union in so large a university（考点：动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）v9)We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).vto apply what we have learned in class to practice（考点：不定式作定语）（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability,ambition,anyth

28、ing,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等）v10)The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).v ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（考点：同上）v11)The environment

29、alists are against _(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).vthe decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs（考点：同上）v12)Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女).vAmerican woman to explore the outer space（考点：由only,last,next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）v13)They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚).v only to drop it on their own f

30、eet（考点：不定式作结果状语）v14)He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).v to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village（考点：不定式作原因状语）v15)I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间).vto have taken up so much of your time（考点：1.不定式作原因状语；2.不定式的完成时）v16)I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).v to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in（考点：不

31、定式的进行式）v17)She doesnt like _(被当作客人).vto be treated as a guest（考点：不定式的被动形式）v18)If you want to save money,youd better _(到校园书店买旧书).vgo to the campus bookstore to buy used books（考点：不带to的不定式）v19)We did nothing _(除了整天打桥牌).vbut play bridge the whole day（考点：同上）v20)We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).v to wipe our f

32、eet on the mat before going into the room（考点：当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）v七、分词1)This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).v“Happy birthday to you”sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语）（catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）v2)The cars _(停在消防通道的)

33、will be ticketed.v parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语）v3)The war went on for years,_(夺去了成千上万人的生命).vkilling thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语）v4)The farmers used a new insecticide,thus _(将平均产量提高了15%).raising the average yield by 15 percent（考点：同上）5)Einstein watched the toy in delight,_(想推导出它

34、的运转原理).trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作伴随状语）6)_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),we stopped talking and began to study.Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语）v7)_(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),they decided to pay for his education.vDeeply moved by the boys deeds（考点：同上）v8)_(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einstei

35、n was a simple,modest and ordinary man.vSeen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语）v9)_(好久没有收到父母的来信了),he was worried about them.vNot having heard from his parents for a long time（考点：1.分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）v八、动名词1)_(每天洗冷水澡)does him a lot of good.vTaking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）v2

36、)They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).v making their daughter do what she didnt like to do（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）v（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,cant help,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,p

37、revent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,cant stand,stop,suggest）v3)Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场).vgetting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）v 4)It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).vcrying over spilled milk v（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：be worth,have difficulty(

38、in),it be no good/use/worthwhile,there be no need/no point in,how/what about,whats the point of,whats the use of）v5)He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷).vhaving peeked at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式）v6)We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).vbeing promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式）v九、非谓语动词用法区别1)Success means _(非常努力

39、地工作).v working very hard.（考点：mean表示“意味着”）v2)John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).v to drive there,but his car broke down（考点：mean表示“打算”）（类似需要区别的动词还有forget,remember,regret,go on,stop等）v3)I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话).vtalking to his mother（考点：强调正在进行）v4)I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).v talk to his mother for an hour（考点：

40、强调整个过程）v5)He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿).vonly to break his own leg（考点：意料之外的结果）v6)He jumped from the burning house,_(摔断了双腿).vbreaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果）v7)He was happy _(看到父母很健康).vto see his parents in good health（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）v8)_(看到父母安然无恙),he issued a sigh of relief.v

41、 Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）v9)_(跟随着它的脚印),the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.v Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动）v10)The pop,_(后面跟着两个保镖),came to meet his fans.vfollowed by two body guards（考点：过去分词强调被动）v十、名词从句1)_(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)is still a secret.vWhy they left their hometow

42、n for Yunnan（考点：主语从句）v2)_(最让我不解的)was that he spoke English so well.v What confused me most（考点：同上）v3)_(这么做是故意的)became obvious.vThat this was done on purpose（考点：同上）v4)It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责).vwho should be responsible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）v5)It is none of your business _(玛丽

43、与谁订婚).vwhom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上）v6)Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事).vwhat can be done today（考点：宾语从句）v7)This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的).v what I have been looking for（考点：表语从句）v8)It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).vwhether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision（考点：whe

44、ther/if引导后置的主语从句）v9)_(她是否喜欢那个礼物)is not clear to me.vWhether she likes the present（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）v10)My main problem right now is _(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).vwhether I should ask for another loan（考点：whether引导表语从句）v11)It all depends on _(他们是否会支持我们).v whether they will support us（考点：whether引导宾语从句）v12)You ha

45、ve yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票).v whether I can count on your vote（考点：whether引导同位语从句）v（9-12中的whether不可以替换为if）v13)Finally,the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).v that the government could do nothing to raise their wages（考点：同位语从句）v14)Obviously,there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议)

46、.v that the chairman would agree to this proposal（考点：同上）v十一、定语从句1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).vthe house where Lu Xun was born（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）v2)The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天).v on the day when his son arrived（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）v3)This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由).vthe reas

47、on why I am in favor of this reform（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）v4)Let ABC be _(一个三边不等长的三角形).v a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length（考点：whose引导的定语从句）v5)Some of the roads were flooded,_(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).vwhich made our journey more difficult（考点：非限制性定语从句）v6)He introduced me to his students,_(他

48、们大部分是英语专业的学生).vmost of whom were English majors（考点：同上）v7)_(众所周知),water is a liquid.vAs is known to all（考点：as 引导的定语从句）v十二、状语从句1)_(不管我们谈论什么),Jim brings polities into the discussion.vWhatever we talk about（考点：让步状语从句）v2)_(不管哪一方获胜),I shall be satisfied.vWhichever side wins（考点：同上）v3)_(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他),t

49、he comedian always had a quick,sharp reply.v However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him（考点：同上）v4)We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).v so that we might get a better view（考点：目的状语从句）v5)The problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决).vthat it took us nearly two weeks to solve it（考点：结果状语从句）

50、v6)You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).v as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night（考点：条件状语从句）v7)I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天发生的).vas if it happened yesterday（考点：方式状语从句）v十三、比较级最高级1)Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?v as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较）v2)The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).vfa